Callus Formation and Root Initiation in Stem Cuttings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Heaman ◽  
J. N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Rooting Response

Changes taking place at the base of stem cuttings of Douglas-fir during callus formation and root initiation are described. Material was taken from nine sources, including trees of different ages and with different histories of rooting response. Gross morphology and anatomy of the cutting bases are described using serial longitudinal sections of samples taken on a weekly basis over a 4-month period. The basal callus proliferated from the lowest cells of the vascular cambium and a complex pattern of differentiating vascular tissues arose within the callus mass. The root primordia arose in this callus in association with the differentiating phloem and wound cambium. Variation in callus formation and root initiation is described both within and between clones.

scholarly journals Change in Tissue Mineral Elemental Concentration during Root Initiation and Development of Poinsettia Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Propagation Medium

Variation in tissue elemental concentration in apical stem cuttings of `Lilo' and `V-10 Amy' poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex. Klotzch) were studied during the initiation and development of adventitious roots. Changes in selected macro- and micro-element concentrations coincided with root initiation (i.e., Fe, Cu, and Mo accumulated in the basal portions of stem cuttings during early root initiation before root primordia elongation); P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations declined. During root primordia elongation and root emergence, Fe, Cu, and Mo and Mg, Mn, B, and Zn concentrations continued to increase at the cutting bases, but P and K concentrations remained low compared to when cuttings were initially inserted in the propagation medium. When all cutting of both cultivars had rooted, foliar N, Fe, and Mo concentrations declined, but Cu increased compared to when cuttings were initially propagated.

Initiation of adventitious root primordia in very young Pinusbanksiana seedling cuttings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Montain ◽  
Bruce E. Haissig ◽  
John D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Resin Canals

The present work describes the anatomy of adventitious root initiation in 20-day-old Pinusbanksiana Lamb, seedling cuttings propagated under intermittent mist. Shortly after cuttings were made, basal necrosis occurred in all tissues (epidermis, periderm, cortex, primary and secondary phloem, and vascular cambium) that surrounded the central xylem cylinder. Thereafter, a relatively small "callus complex" composed of parenchyma cells, a few secondary xylem tracheids, and incompletely differentiated callus vascular cambium and periderm developed at the base of cuttings. One or sometimes two root primordia initiated in the transition zone between the lowermost cortical cells of the hypocotyl and the uppermost callus parenchyma cells. Primordia invariably arose just outside one of the four axial resin canals in the hypocotyl. Results suggested that adventitious root primordia may be initiated in P. banksiana cuttings only in association with differentiated or differentiating resin canals.

scholarly journals Adventitious Root Formation in Stem Cuttings of Quercus bicolor and Quercus macrocarpa and Its Relationship to Stem Anatomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Naalamle Amissah ◽  
Dominick J. Paolillo ◽  
Nina Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Quercus Bicolor

This study investigated the relationship of stem anatomy to differences in rooting ability between Quercus bicolor Wild. and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. cuttings. Quercus bicolor cuttings were found to have a significantly greater proportion of parenchymatous gaps in the sclerenchyma sheath over a 9-week period compared with Q. macrocarpa cuttings. In Q. macrocarpa, the percentage gap was generally low, coinciding with the low percentage rooting observed in this species. Percentage rooting correlated well (r2 = 0.75) with the percentage parenchymatous gap in the perivascular region of Q. bicolor cuttings. The problems with accepting this relationship as causal are stated in the discussion. Untreated cuttings showed normal stem organization: a dermal tissue system that included the initial stages of phellem formation, a cortex, and a ring of closely arranged vascular bundles in early stages of secondary growth. The locations of the five distinct lobes of the pith were coordinated with the locations of root primordia. Callus growth was first detected in the cortex (i.e., external to the fiber bundles), followed by proliferation within the phloem, opposite the lobes of the pith, 8 to 12 days after cuttings were treated with indole butyric acid (6000 mg·L−1 dissolved in 50% v/v ethanol in water). By 14 to 16 days, root primordia had developed within the proliferative tissue in the secondary phloem. In both species, root primordia penetrated parenchymatous gaps in the fiber sheath directly, the fiber bundles being displaced laterally as the roots increased in size.

A MODIFIED BEAN ROOT INITIATION TEST FOR AUXINS AND INHIBITORS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
A. B. Durkee ◽  
S. H. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Bean Root

Removal of tissues above the cotyledonary node from leafy stem cuttings of Contender beans, after imbibition and prior to potting in root initiation tests, increased the sensitivity to growth inhibitors, and reduced the variation in control plants. Response to small amounts of auxin increased slightly and declined for larger amounts.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured crown root primordia reveals new pathways activated during early stages of crown root formation in rice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0238736
Author(s):  
Jérémy Lavarenne ◽  
Mathieu Gonin ◽  
Antony Champion ◽  
Marie Javelle ◽  
Hélène Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Crown Roots

Crown roots constitute the main part of the rice root system. Several key genes involved in crown root initiation and development have been identified by functional genomics approaches. Nevertheless, these approaches are impaired by functional redundancy and mutant lethality. To overcome these limitations, organ targeted transcriptome analysis can help to identify genes involved in crown root formation and early development. In this study, we generated an atlas of genes expressed in developing crown root primordia in comparison with adjacent stem cortical tissue at three different developmental stages before emergence, using laser capture microdissection. We identified 3975 genes differentially expressed in crown root primordia. About 30% of them were expressed at the three developmental stages, whereas 10.5%, 19.5% and 12.8% were specifically expressed at the early, intermediate and late stages, respectively. Sorting them by functional ontology highlighted an active transcriptional switch during the process of crown root primordia formation. Cross-analysis with other rice root development-related datasets revealed genes encoding transcription factors, chromatin remodeling factors, peptide growth factors, and cell wall remodeling enzymes that are likely to play a key role during crown root primordia formation. This atlas constitutes an open primary data resource for further studies on the regulation of crown root initiation and development.

scholarly journals 567 PB 006 AUXIN SENSITIVITY OF DOUGLAS-FIR STEM CUTTINGS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 513a-513
Author(s):  
William M. Proebsting
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Better Than

Douglas-fir clones have a wide range of rooting potential, but the species is generally considered difficult to root. We have reported previously that NAA is approximately 14-times more active than IBA in the clones tested, with an optimum of about 5 to 10 mM NAA. In contrast, other programs routinely use about 25 mM IBA to propagate Douglas-fir cuttings, a concentration that is relatively inactive in our clones. To address questions raised by these observations, we have incorporated auxin treatments into our long term program to select Douglas-fir clones with high rooting potential. We collect 20 cuttings of each clone identified in Christmas tree plantations, and retain clones rooting ≥ 80%. Beginning in 1991, we treated 10 cuttings of each clone with 5 mM NAA, the other 10 cuttings with 25 mM IBA. Over three years, 1158 clones received the split treatments. Of 222 clones rooting ≥ 80%) approximately half rooted ≥ 80% in response to NAA only. The remainder either responded to IBA or to both NAA and IBA. These results support our previous observations that NAA stimulates rooting of Douglas-fir better than IBA. However, they also suggest that there may be clones sensitive to IBA or to both NAA and IBA.

scholarly journals Auxin, Wounding, and Propagation Medium Affect Rooting Response of Stem Cuttings of Arbutus andrachne

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Al-Salem ◽  
Nabila S. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Salt Forms ◽  
Rooting Response

Stem cuttings of Arbutus andrachne L. were taken from basal or terminal portions of branches in October and treated with acid or salt forms of IBA or NAA at several concentrations. Also, the effects of wounding and propagation medium were assessed. Auxin was necessary for root formation, IBA acid being most effective. In general, salt forms of IBA and NAA were less effective than acid forms. Concentration of auxin had a significant effect on rooting regardless of auxin type or chemical form. The greatest rooting percentage, root number, length, and fresh and dry weights were exhibited by basal cuttings treated with 24 mm IBA. Position of the cutting on the branch did not affect rooting except when the IBA acid form was used; basal cuttings were then superior to terminal ones. Wounding, by making two opposite longitudinal incisions at the base of the cutting, increased rooting. The propagation medium had a significant effect on adventitious root formation, which was enhanced with increasing perlite percentage in the medium up to 100%. Chemical names used:1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals SHOOT POSITION, IBA AND AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES INFLUENCE PROPAGATION OF HAZELNUT, CORYLUS AVELLANA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150g-1150
Author(s):  
William M. Proebsting ◽  
Nahla V. Bassil ◽  
David A. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Influence Propagation ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Position

Propagation of Corylus avellana stem cuttings may be limited by either root initiation or bud abscission. We divided juvenile shoots of 3 varieties growing in layering beds in mid-July into 4 or 5 3-node cuttings with leaves at the upper two nodes, except that terminal cuttings had one expanded leaf. Cuttings were treated with 5 mM IBA in 50% EtOH, a mixture of A. rhizogenes strains A7 + 22 or left untreated. IBA and bacteria stimulated rooting of cuttings from all shoot positions. Rooting of the terminal cuttings (<50%) was less than that of the sub-terminal cuttings (>80%). Bud retention was <50% on terminal cuttings, nearly 100% on sub-terminal cuttings. Using juvenile stock plants of various varieties, sub-terminal cuttings treated with Agrobacterium or 5 mM IBA may yield 70-90% cuttings with both roots and buds, Agravitropic roots, characteristic of genetic transformation, were observed on Agrobacterium-treated cuttings. Dot blots probed for TL-DNA were negative, however.

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