Effect and Characteristics of Pathogens on Foliage and Buds of Cold-Stored White Spruce and Lodgepole Pine Seedlings

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Storage Methods

Molding of cold-stored, spring-lifted seedlings of Piceaglanca (Moench) Voss var. albertiana (S. Brown) Sarg. reached an index of 71.7 and of Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. an index of 35.6 during 10 weeks of storage. Mortality and reduced growth after planting out were directly related to the degree of molding. Of 37 fungus species isolated from moldy seedlings, 10 were considered significant and were further studied. All 10 grew at 5 °C and eight of them grew at 0 °C. All 10 were able to infect moist foliage at 2 °C, but only Epicoccumpurpurascens Ehrenb. ex Schlecht. could infect dry foliage, and then only at 95% r.h. Storage at 0 °C reduced molding to less than one-half that at 25 °C. Suitable seedling storage methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Establishment After Glyphosate and Fertilizer Treatments of Grassy Cutover Forest Land.

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Blackmore ◽  
Wm. G. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spring Planting

Perennial herbaceous vegetation, mainly marsh reed grass, (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx) Beauv.), was sprayed with glyphosate on the day before planting one-year-old plugs of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) on cutover forest land north of Edson, Alberta. Spraying at 4.5 kg ai/ha, included spot and strip applications in June 1976, compared with unsprayed scalps and controls. At the same time, all treatments were repeated plus a 9 g, 22-8-2 fertilizer tablet for each seedling. Another experiment at the same site, begun on August 1, 1976, compared scalp, unfertilized control and glyphosate strip treatments, followed by planting of pine seedlings the day after spraying 4.5 kg ai/ha glyphosate. An adjacent experiment, also commenced on August 1, included dosages of 1.1 to 5.6 kg ai/ha with planting of pine seedlings in 4.5 kg/ha and in control plots in May 1977. August application of 2.2 kg/ha provided excellent initial vegetation control, as effective as the larger amounts applied at that time, and was superior during the first 12 months to 4.5 kg/ha applied in June. Twenty-six months after the spring planting new shoot growth of fertilized pine in the glyphosate strips was statistically significantly greater than that for all other treatments and growth in fertilized scalps was also very good. At the same time leader growth of spruce in fertilized scalps was significantly greater than that for other treatments but growth in glyphosate strips did not exceed that of unfertilized controls. Contrary to results of spring planting, there was marked injury and mortality of pine planted in August in glyphosate plots which had been sprayed on the preceding day. Seedlings planted in glyphosate-treated strips nine months after the August spraying exceeded the growth of control plants but not until the year after they were planted.

Infection of lodgepole pine and white spruce by Alberta isolates of Armillaria

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Mugala ◽  
Peter V. Blenis ◽  
Yasuyuki Hiratsuka ◽  
Kenneth I. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) is less liable than lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) to be attacked by Alberta isolates of Armillaria. In the first experiment, 27 two-year-old containerized pine and spruce were inoculated with each of 19 different isolates representing North American biological species (NABS) I and V, the Foothills variant of NABS I, and A. mellea s.str. In the second experiment, 10 containerized seedlings of both species were inoculated with eight different isolates of NABS I and transferred to 2-L pots 2 months later. Inoculum survived better in association with spruce seedlings than with pine. In both experiments, spruce seedlings were more frequently infected than pine seedlings, and more likely to die when infected, although this difference was significant only in the first experiment. Favoring or planting spruce on sites with Armillaria root rot, therefore, cannot be recommended in Alberta.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

WEIGHT AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SLASH OF WHITE SPRUCE AND LODGEPOLE PINE

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
A. D. Kiil
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Stand Conditions

A simple and practical method is described for predicting slash weight and proportion of fine fuels. Sixty white spruce and 101 lodgepole pine trees in west central Alberta differing in site and stand conditions were felled, measured and the unmerchantable stem and all branchwood weighed. A graphical analysis showed that the slash weight-merchantable cubic foot ratios for both species varied inversely with tree diameter for the range of diameters sampled. White spruce has a higher slash weight-merchantable cubic foot ratio and a higher proportion of fine fuels than lodgepole pine.

scholarly journals Splitting in Fire-Killed Trees in the Boreal Forest of Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Nakamura ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Lars Bach
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Solar Angle

Abstract Tree boles in the boreal forests of Alberta, Canada will split once killed by a stand-replacing crown fire. A total of 1,485 fire-killed trees were sampled, 1 yr after burning, in 23 plots in 14 widely separated stands within a 370,000 ha fire. Sampling occurred in the Upper and Lower Foothills natural subregions. The frequency of splitting varied by species but averaged 41% for all species. The order in the frequency of splitting was balsam fir, black spruce, white spruce and lodgepole pine. The type of splitting (straight, spiral, or multiple) varied by species, as did the position of the split on the tree bole. Aspect or solar angle was not statistically related to the type or occurrence of splitting.

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

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