Role of lammas growth in recovery of Douglas-fir seedlings from deer browsing, as influenced by weed control, fertilization, and seed source

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Roth ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Weed Growth

This study examined the effects of weed control, nitrogen fertilization, and seed source on lammas growth (second flushing) in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings. It also assessed the occurrence of deer browsing as related to these silvicultural treatments and examined the role of lammas growth in seedling recovery and escapement from deer browsing. Weed control significantly increased the occurrence of lammas growth, presumably because of greater soil moisture and nutrient availability. Nitrogen fertilization decreased lammas growth significantly, at least in part by favoring weed growth. Lammas growth was not influenced by seed source. The increased lammas growth associated with weed control mediated the effects of deer browse. Although multiple-year browsing occurred more commonly on weeded than unweeded seedlings, after two growing seasons weeded seedlings that were repeatedly browsed were twice as large as nonbrowsed, nonweeded seedlings. On one site, stock of wild origin was more heavily browsed than that from a seed orchard.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Relating to Weeding, Fertilization, and Seed Source

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Roth ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The goal of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the individual and interactive effects of weed control, nitrogen fertilization, and seed source on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) survival and growth in a range of sites and growing conditions in western Oregon. Weed control was the dominant factor influencing seedling survival and growth and accounted for 49% of the explained variation in seedling volume after 2 yr. Nitrogen fertilization had no effect when used in conjunction with weed control and a negative effect when used without weed control. Seedlings from a seed orchard source were significantly larger in diameter and volume than those from a wild local source after two growing seasons, but second-year heights were similar for the two seedling types. Initial seedling size was positively correlated with growth rate. West. J. Appl. For. 11(2):00-00.

Boron and Magnesium Fertilization of a Coastal Douglas-Fir Plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Green ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract This study examines the role of boron and magnesium nutrition in the occurrence of severe growth distortion symptoms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Skwawka River valley of south coastal British Columbia. Four fertilizer treatments including boron (2.25 kg B/ha), magnesium (42 kg Mg/ha), boron plus magnesium, and a control, were applied in conjunction with planting on a site believed to be deficient in these nutrients. After 5 growing seasons, only treatments containing boron (B and B+Mg) showed improved height growth over the control trees. The incidence of leader dieback, swollen leading shoots, and foliage distortion was significantly related to treatment with virtually no occurrence in plots treated with boron. Seedling uptake of applied boron was high, with foliar concentrations of 45 ppm found after the second growing season. Foliar B levels declined to 13-15 ppm after 5 growing seasons. No significant increase in foliar magnesium levels was detected for either of the magnesium treatments. The reduction in the incidence of leader dieback and shoot and foliar symptoms in seedlings treated with B indicate that these symptoms were the result of boron deficiencies. This is the first study to verify boron deficiency in coastal Douglas-fir through fertilizer trials. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):48-53.

Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas-fir seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Thies ◽  
E. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Eight treatments involving stump removal by bulldozing in combination with nitrogen fertilization were applied to 0.04-ha circular plots in a clear-cut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted several months after treatment, were recorded five and eight seasons after outplanting. The results showed that either bulldozing stumps from the site or fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increased growth of seedlings through their eighth growing season. After eight growing seasons, bulldozing had increased seedling height by 23% and diameter at breast height by 43%; fertilizing produced increases of 13% in height and 17% in diameter at breast height.

Growth and Water Relations of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Seedlings under Different Weed Control Regimes

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Newton ◽  
David S. Preest
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
The Difference

Growth of Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] was increased by controlling grasses and broadleaf herbs with eight herbicide regimes during the first 3 yr after planting on a well-drained moist site in the Oregon Coast Range. The greatest growth occurred if weeds were controlled in the same growing season that tree seedlings were transplanted to the field; smaller increments came from second- and third-year weed control. Growth increases attributable to early weed control continued through the fifth year, indicating that conditions during establishment strongly influenced later growth. Plots with no herbaceous vegetation had more available soil water than those with competing vegetation, and tree seedlings on these plots experienced less water stress. Irrigation in the third year increased stem diameter of seedlings in that year but had no effect thereafter. Increases in average seedling stem volume at 5 yr after transplanting were linearly related (r2 = 0.77) to the difference in observed xylem potential during the first three growing seasons after transplanting and the xylem potential at which photosynthesis ceased, −2 MPa.

Survival and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Stocktypes on a Dry Low-Elevation Site in Southwest Oregon

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole T. Helgerson ◽  
Steven D. Tesch ◽  
Stephen D. Hobbs ◽  
D. H. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Southwest Oregon ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Two stocktypes (1 + 0 container-grown plugs and 2 + 0 nursery grown bareroots) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted on a hot, droughty, low-elevation site in southwest Oregon (Interior Valley Zone) to assess the potential for reforesting this type of site. After five growing seasons, bareroots survived (98%) significantly (P < 0.05) better than plugs (89%); survival did not differ significantly by species. Douglas-fir was taller than pine, pine was larger in diameter, and the two species had approximately equal stem volumes. Bareroots were consistently larger than plugs. These species and stocktypes can provide good reforestation after 5 years on an Interior Valley Zone site when seedlings are of good quality, are planted properly, and are given good weed control. West. J. Appl. For. 4(4):124-128, October 1989.

Potential pollen contamination effects on progeny from an off-site Douglas-fir seed orchard: 9-year field results

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Stoehr ◽  
J E Webber ◽  
C CA Hollefreund ◽  
R A Painter
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Contamination Effects

To evaluate the potential effects of seed orchard pollen contamination from surrounding background sources, we made control pollinations with outside orchard pollen and inside orchard pollen on trees of a Douglas-fir (Pseudo tsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) coastal–interior transition zone seed orchard. The resulting progeny were tested on a transition zone and a coastal site. After nine growing seasons, survival was above 90% on both sites for both pollen sources, and the trees height differences due to pollen source were statistically nonsignificant. Wildstand operational seedlots, used as controls, were 17% shorter than the "contaminated" seedlings. Orchard management implications of these results are discussed.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

Growth ofPseudotsuga menziesiiandTsuga heterophyllaseedlings along a light gradient: resource allocation and morphological acclimation

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1424-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mailly ◽  
J. P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Relative Light Intensity

Silvicultural alternatives that differ in the degree of overstory removal may create shady environments that will be problematic for the regeneration of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Gradients of light in the field were used to compare mortality, growth, and leaf morphological acclimation of two conifer species of contrasting shade tolerances: Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Results after two growing seasons indicated that Douglas-fir mortality occurred mainly at relative light intensity (RLI) below 20%, while western hemlock mortality was evenly distributed along the light gradient. Height, diameter, and biomass of the planted seedlings increased with increasing light for both species but at different rates, and maximum biomass accumulation always occurred in the open. Douglas-fir allocated more resources to stem biomass than western hemlock, which accumulated more foliage biomass. Increases in specific leaf area for Douglas-fir seedlings occurred at RLI ≤ 0.4 and red/far red (R/FR) ratio ≤ 0.6, which appear to be the minimal optimum light levels for growth. Conversely, western hemlock seedlings adjusted their leaf morphology in a more regular pattern, and changes were less pronounced at low light levels. These results, along with early mortality results for Douglas-fir, suggest that the most successful way to artificially regenerate this species may be by allowing at least 20% of RLI for ensuring survival and at least 40% RLI for optimum growth. Key words: light, light quality, leaf morphology, acclimation.

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