Hydrology and microtopography effects on northern white-cedar regeneration in Michigan's Upper Peninsula

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Chimner ◽  
James B. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Northern White Cedar

Many harvested northern white-cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.) sites have not regenerated to cedar but have become dominated by other species such as balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and tag alder (Alnusrugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) A regenerating cedar fen near Escanaba, Mich., was used to study factors related to regeneration success and failure. Twelve plots (6.1 × 6.1 m) were established on the site to collect data on hydrology, microtopography, stand composition, and stem density. Abundance of cedar regeneration was positively correlated with percentage of hummocks. There were more cedar on microsites with drier conditions (numerous hummocks) while more shrubs and hardwoods were found on the wetter areas (fewer hummocks) of the fen. The shallow depth to groundwater and unsaturated soil thickness early in the growing season are suggested to be factors.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Site Class on Growth and Decay of Northern White-Cedar and Two Associates in Maine

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip V. Hofmeyer ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract Basal area growth of outwardly sound northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) was compared with that of balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) across site and light exposure class gradients on 60 sites throughout northern Maine. Once adjusted for sapwood area, northern white-cedar basal area growth was not strongly affected by site or light exposure class; growth was similar to that of red spruce but generally lower than that of balsam fir. Site index did not differ appreciably among soil drainage classes for red spruce and northern white-cedar, although small sample size limited analysis on upland site classes. Incidence of central decay was higher in northern white-cedar than balsam fir, which was higher than red spruce. Incidence of decay in outwardly sound northern white-cedar and balsam fir was highest on well-drained mineral soils, and mean proportion of basal area decayed at breast height increased in outwardly sound northern white-cedar as drainage improved from poorly drained to well-drained soils. These data suggest that northern white-cedar on lowland organic and poorly drained mineral soils in Maine have less decay, similar basal area growth, and similar site index relative to upland northern white-cedar communities.

scholarly journals The Northern White-Cedar Recruitment Bottleneck: Understanding the Effects of Substrate, Competition, and Deer Browsing

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura F. Reuling ◽  
Christel C. Kern ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Dustin R. Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Density ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Regeneration Failure ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Recruitment Bottleneck ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Research Highlights: Regenerating northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is challenging throughout much of its range. This study attempts to relate differences in natural regeneration to stand- and seedbed-level factors. Background and Objectives: Lack of regeneration of northern white-cedar is often attributed to overbrowsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) because white-cedar is a preferred winter browse species. However, there are many other factors that may contribute to regeneration failure for white-cedar including its specific seedbed requirements and competition from other, often faster-growing trees and shrubs. Materials and Methods: We surveyed five mature white-cedar stands in Wisconsin, USA that have had little to no management in the past 50+ years to find stem densities of natural white-cedar regeneration in three height classes. We also collected data at each stand on potential predictor variables including overstory attributes, competitive environment, seedbed, and browsing by deer. We used model selection to create separate models to predict stem density of each white-cedar regeneration height class. Results: None of the measures of deer browsing used in this study were found to be associated with white-cedar regeneration. Soil pH, competition from other seedlings and saplings, and stem density of white-cedar in the overstory were found to be potentially associated with white-cedar regeneration. Conclusions: While browsing by deer is likely a factor affecting white-cedar regeneration in many areas, this study highlights the challenge of quantifying deer browse effects, as well as showing that other factors likely contribute to the difficulty of regenerating white-cedar.

Relationships between balsam fir mortality caused by the spruce budworm and stand, site, and soil variables in Michigan's Upper Peninsula

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Lynch ◽  
John A. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Stand Type ◽  
Northern White Cedar

The association of various stand, site, and soil variables with impact of the spruce budworm, Choristoneurafumiferana (Clemens), on balsam fir, Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., was examined in the Hiawatha and Ottawa National Forests of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Geographic differences in impact were due, at least in part, to differences in the duration of the budworm outbreak. Impact was extremely variable between stands. Linear relations observed between impact variables and stand, site, and soil variables were weak. The quantity of balsam fir in the stand (basal area per hectare or proportion of stocking) was positively correlated with dead basal area per hectare but not with percent basal area mortality. Increased impact was associated with increased quantities of white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), northern white-cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.), eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum L.), and red maple (Acerrubrum L.) in one or both of the National Forests. Drainage and soil moisture appeared to play a role in determining the amount of spruce budworm impact in individual stands. Principal components extracted from the stand data accounted for variability between different stand types. However, the between-stand variability in impact did not coincide with the between-stand-type variability described by the components.

Effets de coupes de dimensions restreintes sur l'abondance des populations d'oiseaux nicheurs en milieu boréal

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Patrick Beauchesne ◽  
Pierre Larue ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Jean Huot
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Northern White Cedar

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of small clearcuts on breeding bird communities found in adjacent forest stands. The study was conducted in a deer yard of the Duchenier Wildlife Preserve located in the boreal balsam fir-yellow birch ecological domain of eastern Quebec. The balsam fir-northern white cedar stands of the deer yard had been treated by strip cutting 2 years before the study. Total abundance of nesting passerines in stands adjacent to 60-m-wide strip cuttings was greater (P = 0.10) than in similar control unlogged stands. The establishment of shrub strata within the strip probably provided an additional food source for shrub- and ground-feeding species without significantly affecting canopy-feeding species.

scholarly journals Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Ray ◽  
Deborah Landau
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Horizontal Structure

This case study documents the aftermath of a mixed-severity prescribed fire conducted during the growing season in a young loblolly pine forest. The specific management objective involved killing a substantial proportion of the overstory trees and creating an open-canopy habitat. The burn generated canopy openings across 26% of the 25-ha burn block, substantially altering the horizontal structure. Mortality of pines was high and stems throughout the size distribution were impacted; stem density was reduced by 60% and basal area and aboveground biomass (AGB) by ~30% at the end of the first growing season. A nonlinear regression model fit to plot data portrays a positive relationship between high stocking (i.e., relative density > 0.60) and postburn mortality. Survival of individual trees was reliably modeled with logistic regression, including variables describing the relative reduction in the size of tree crowns following the burn. Total AGB recovered rapidly, on average exceeding levels at the time of the burn by 23% after six growing seasons. Intentional mixed-severity burning effectively created persistent canopy openings in a young fire-tolerant precommercial-sized pine forest, meeting our objectives of structural alteration for habitat restoration.

Cambial electrical resistance related to the number of vascular cambial cells in balsam fir

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Smith ◽  
R. O. Blanchard ◽  
W. C. Shortle
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cambial electrical resistance (CER) was related to the number of cells per radial file of vascular cambium in dominant and codominant balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) trees sampled during the growing season. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the vascular cambial zone (VCZ) of balsam fir during the growing and dormant seasons. Trees selected for SEM were categorized as having growing season CER < 10 kΩ or CER > 12 kΩ. The two growing trees with CER < 10 kΩ had a mean of seven cells per radial file of VCZ in contrast with four cells per radial file in the two trees of CER > 12 kΩ. Trees of either growing season category had dormant season CER > 12 kΩ and four cells per radial file of VCZ. The relationship between CER and the number of cells per radial file of VCZ supports the hypothesis relating CER to periodic growth rate in balsam fir.

Preliminary Observations on Northern White Cedar in Maine

Ecology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
White Cedar ◽  
Northern White Cedar

A Thermodynamic Comparison of the Adsorption of Binary Liquid and Vapor on Northern White Cedar Sapwood

Holzforschung ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Johns ◽  
Wilmer G. Miller ◽  
Ralph Hossfeld
Keyword(s):  
White Cedar ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Northern White Cedar
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