Estimating large-root biomass from stump and breast-height diameters for Douglas-fir in western Oregon

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
Patrick G. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Large Root ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Using Data

Estimates of belowground biomass are fundamental to understanding carbon cycling and sequestration and the dynamics of ecological systems and in designing studies of those systems. An important belowground component of stands in the Pacific Northwest is the large-root biomass associated with mature, second-growth, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Sample Douglas-fir from four western Oregon stands were felled, and their stumps and root systems were excavated and cleaned. Biomass of all roots larger than 10 mm in diameter plus the belowground portion of the stump was determined on a dry-weight basis. Each tree was measured for stump diameter, 15 cm above the soil line, and for diameter at breast height. Regression models were constructed by using data from 82 trees from four stands. Stump diameters ranged from 24.1 to 92.5 cm, diameter at breast height ranged from 21.3 to 54.6 cm, and biomass ranged from 20.5 to 614.4 kg.

scholarly journals Estimating Large-Root Biomass from Breast-Height Diameters for Ponderosa Pine in Northern New Mexico

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Omdal ◽  
William R. Jacobi ◽  
Charles G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Using Data

Abstract An important component of forest ecosystems in the southern Rocky Mountains is the belowground biomass associated with mature stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Information on root biomass is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of ecological systems and designing studies of those systems. Ponderosa pine trees from a stand in northern New Mexico were cut and their root systems excavated. Biomass of all roots > 0.6 cm in diameter and the belowground portion of the stump was determined on a dry-weight basis. A regression model was constructed using data on breast-height diameter and belowground stump and coarse-root biomass from 42 trees in the stand. Diameter at breast height ranged from 18.3 to 67.6 cm, and belowground biomass ranged from 3 to 576 kg. West. J. Appl. For. 16(1):18–21.

Invasive scotch broom alters soil chemical properties in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 398 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
The Pacific

Canopy disturbances over the five-century lifetime of an old-growth Douglas-fir stand in the Pacific Northwest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E Winter ◽  
Linda B Brubaker ◽  
Jerry F Franklin ◽  
Eric A Miller ◽  
Donald Q DeWitt
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Horizontal Heterogeneity ◽  
Restoration Strategies

The history of canopy disturbances over the lifetime of an old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand in the western Cascade Range of southern Washington was reconstructed using tree-ring records of cross-dated samples from a 3.3-ha mapped plot. The reconstruction detected pulses in which many western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) synchronously experienced abrupt and sustained increases in ringwidth, i.e., "growth-increases", and focused on medium-sized or larger ([Formula: see text]0.8 ha) events. The results show that the stand experienced at least three canopy disturbances that each thinned, but did not clear, the canopy over areas [Formula: see text]0.8 ha, occurring approximately in the late 1500s, the 1760s, and the 1930s. None of these promoted regeneration of the shade-intolerant Douglas-fir, all of which established 1500–1521. The disturbances may have promoted regeneration of western hemlock, but their strongest effect on tree dynamics was to elicit western hemlock growth-increases. Canopy disturbances are known to create patchiness, or horizontal heterogeneity, an important characteristic of old-growth forests. This reconstructed history provides one model for restoration strategies to create horizontal heterogeneity in young Douglas-fir stands, for example, by suggesting sizes of areas to thin in variable-density thinnings.

Keepability of Pennsylvania versus West Coast Grown Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees: Genotypic Variation in Relation to Subfreezing Temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Kubiske ◽  
Marc D. Abrams ◽  
James C. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Display Area ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

Abstract Cut Douglas-fir Christmas trees grown in Pennsylvania from Rocky Mountain seed sources and coastal trees grown in the Pacific Northwest and shipped into Pennsylvania were compared for keepability. Following various cold treatments, the cut ends of trees were placed in water in an indoor display area. Coastal trees placed in a freezer at - 29°C for 24 h had 89 ± 5.1% (mean ± standard error) needle loss after one day of display, while Rocky Mountain origin trees exhibited only 3 ± 2.0% needle loss after 1 day and 50 ± 5.6% needle loss after 18 days. Coastal produced trees exposed to temperatures > - 12°C had 50 ± 9.8% needle loss at the end of the experiment, while Rocky Mountain trees ended with 22 ± 3.2% needle loss. Four additional treatments consisted of trees placed on an outdoor lot and periodically moved indoors to simulate Christmas tree market activity. Again, there was a significant difference between trees from coastal and Rocky Mountain sources, with 57.2 ± 4.3% and 11.8 ± 1.2% needle loss after 3 days, respectively. By the end of the 23 day experiment, the coastal trees were essentially devoid of needles, whereas Rocky Mountain trees had an average of only 20% needle loss. Coastal trees also exhibited a very noticeable loss of color and lustre. North. J. Appl. For. 7:86-89, June 1990.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus fractions vary with harvest intensity and vegetation control at two contrasting Douglas-fir sites in the Pacific northwest

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. DeBruler ◽  
Stephen H. Schoenholtz ◽  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Soil Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Harvest Intensity ◽  
The Pacific

Astrosclereids In Needles Of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1240-1241
Author(s):  
M. Apple ◽  
A. Soeldner ◽  
R. Hamill ◽  
K. Tiekotfer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure

Old-growth Douglas-fir trees in the Pacific Northwest are venerable giants that often live for 500 years and reach heights of over 75 meters. Their needles are relatively ephemeral and small but have the important role of interacting with the atmosphere in order to transpire and photosynthesize. Within the photosynthetic mesophyll tissue of Douglas-fir needles, there are large, non-living cells with lignified secondary cell walls that are known as astrosclereids. Apparent channels in the secondary wall may provide a route for exchange or transport of materials between the astrosclereid lumen and mesophyll cells or the vascular cylinder. Astrosclereids may be involvev d in storage of secondary metabolites such as tannin and may develop in response to fungi, mistletoe, or other pathogens. More knowledge is needed about the development, structure and function of astrosclereids.Needles were collected from sapling and old-growth Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, (Mirb.) Franco, trees at the Wind River Canopy Crane in Carson, Washington and from three sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in 1997 and 1998.

Comparing productivity of pure and mixed Douglas-fir and western hemlock plantations in the Pacific Northwest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1484-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Amoroso ◽  
E C Turnblom
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Increase In Productivity

We studied pure and 50/50 mixtures of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) plantations to compare attained total yields between mixed-species stands as opposed to monocultures of equal densities. Whether overall stand density influences this outcome has not been adequately investigated, and to address this we included three density levels (494, 1111, and 1729 trees/ha) in the analysis. At age 12, as components of the mixed stands, Douglas-fir exhibited greater height, diameter, and individual-tree volume than western hemlock at all densities. At 494 and 1111 trees/ha the monocultures had a higher volume per hectare than the mixed stand, but at 1729 trees/ha the mixed stand appeared to be just as productive as the pure stands. The increase in productivity by the mixture at high densities seems to have resulted from the partial stratification observed and most likely also from better use of the site resources. Because of this, less interspecific competition was probably experienced in the mixed stand than intraspecific competition in the pure stands. This study shows the important role density plays in the productivity of mixed stands and thus in comparing mixed and pure stands.

Effects of Herbicide, Tillage, and Grass Seeding on Wild Chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Miller ◽  
Danielle E. D'Auria
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractWild chervil is an invasive biennial or short-lived perennial weed introduced into North America that negatively impacts forage production and degrades habitat for native plant species. A 2-yr study using prebloom mowing followed by combinations of herbicide, tillage, and grass seeding was conducted in the Pacific Northwest to identify an effective integrated weed management strategy for this species. By 2 mo after herbicide treatment (MAHT), wild chervil control with glyphosate + ammonium sulfate (AMS) and clopyralid was 83 and 73%, respectively. Tillage with or without herbicide pretreatment resulted in 92 to 98% wild chervil control at 2 MAHT, whereas herbicide without tillage gave only 45% control across all treatments. Tillage with or without subsequent grass seeding reduced wild chervil density four-fold compared to herbicide alone at 9 MAHT. Herbicide + tillage + grass seeding resulted in similar wild chervil cover (1 to 5% cover) as herbicide + tillage (1 to 6% cover) without subsequent grass seeding. Wild chervil biomass at 1 yr after herbicide treatment (YAHT) was reduced to 487 kg ha−1 (439 lb ac−1) with herbicide + tillage compared to 4,256 kg ha−1 for herbicide treatment alone. Herbicide + tillage + grass seeding increased grass dry weight at 1 YAHT from 201 kg ha−1 for herbicide + tillage to 1,575 kg ha−1, compared to 351 kg ha−1 in herbicide-only plots.

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