False rings in the white pine (Pinus strobus) of the Outaouais Hills, Québec (Canada), as indicators of water stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Marchand ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Pine ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Rocky Outcrop ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Mature Stands

False rings are intra-annual bands of wood darker than the adjacent wood. They have been reported for several species of Pinus, although not previously for white pine (Pinus strobus L.). In southwestern Quebec, false rings were found to be very common among white pine, an indication that the species is sensitive to water stress in this region. False rings were analyzed on 110 trees from 12 mature stands. A false ring database was built, and false ring chronologies were established and analyzed for two groups of sites (rocky outcrops and shallow soils). The years 1955, 1959, and 1988 were those with the highest occurrence of false rings (62% to 90% of all stems). Factors predisposing false ring formation include the cambial age of stems bearing false rings and drainage conditions (dry rocky outcrop sites). Triggering factors were climatic events occurring during the four-month growing season. Years with low precipitation correlate with years featuring a higher occurrence of false rings. High summer temperatures may also be involved, as they explain the distribution of false rings in all frequency classes. In areas where they form, false rings in white pine can be used as diagnostic rings and as indicators of water stress.

scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

Deterioration of Fire-Killed Pine in Ontario and the Causal Wood-Boring Beetles

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Wood Boring

In 1948, the Mississagi region of northern Ontario was swept by a niajor conflagration that began on May 25 and which, because of dry weather conditions, was not brought under control until July 23. When the fire had been extinguished, it was found to have spread over 57 townships, or 281,388 acres in all. Officers of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests estimated that approximately 75 per cent of the fire area bore mature stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.). Salvage operations began immediately in an effort to save this vast amount of valuable timber.

The effect of water stress on the translocation of recent photosynthate to the roots of young plants of Pinus strobus

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ursino ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
White Pine

White pine plants in their third year of growth were maintained for a 4-month period on soil having a moisture content of either 7% or 14%. In September, at the end of this period and at a time when translocation to the root is known to be high, the plants were permitted to photoassimilate 14CO2, and 8 hours later the distribution of 14C among the root, the old shoot, and the new shoot was determined.The plants maintained for the 4-month period on the 7% soil moisture environment had values for new needle length and root and new shoot fresh weights which were approximately 55–60% of the values from those plants grown on the higher soil moisture environment. However, despite such retarded growth, the magnitude of translocation to the root during the 8 hours after 14CO2 assimilation was only slightly lower in those plants grown on the lower soil moisture environment.From the results it is suggested that the decreased amount of translocation to the roots previously observed in pine plants in June and July cannot be attributed to reduced root metabolic activity and growth caused at that time by lowered soil water content.

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

White pine (Pinus strobus L.) regeneration dynamics at the species’ northern limit of continuous distribution

New Forests ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Uprety ◽  
Hugo Asselin ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Regeneration Dynamics

Dispersal of Pissodes strobi in putatively resistant white spruce in Vernon, BC

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. McIntosh ◽  
J. A. McLean ◽  
R. I. Alfaro ◽  
G. K. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Key Words Dispersal ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Resistant Family ◽  
Lateral Branches

White pine weevil Pissodes strobi behaviour was observed in a five-year-old plantation of white spruce in Vernon, British Columbia. Seasonal weevil-host interactions were monitored in four susceptible and four putatively resistant reciprocal cross family pairs in three of five replicates. Classification of susceptibility to weevil attack was based on previous weevil attack history. Performance of eight reciprocal cross pairs was ranked as a function of visitation, oviposition and brood establishment resulting in top-kill. The four putatively resistant family crosses ranked 1 to 4 for resistance to weevil attack, while the four susceptible crosses were ranked 5 to 8 and were consistently attacked. Seasonal and diurnal weevil movement was monitored using mark-recapture techniques. Diurnally, weevils moved within the tree. Feeding occurred at dawn in the leader and upper laterals after which weevils moved down the tree into the forest floor during the high mid-summer temperatures. Later in the season weevils fed in mid-morning on the leader and on the under-sides of lateral branches. A dispersal index was developed to describe seasonal movement. Weevils did not move far throughout the season. Overall dispersal index for both males and females was less than 0.24 m, suggesting that on average, weevils do not move further than the adjacent tree throughout the season after mating and oviposition. Key words: Dispersal, pest management, Pissodes strobi, resistance, silviculture, white spruce

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the behaviour of water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) imported to Poland (Short Communication)

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Antkowiak ◽  
J. Pytlewski ◽  
A. Purczyńska ◽  
R. Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Lying Down

Abstract. This study was carried out on 26 adult water (river) buffaloes (25 females and 1 male) imported in 2006 to an eco-tourism farm in the Wielkopolska province, Poland. During the growing season, animals were kept on a logged pasture covering an area of about 15 ha. The pasture was divided into three approximately equal parts, each with a different facility available for wallowing; i.e. pond, drainage ditch and stream. Behavioural observations were carried out three times in July and August 2007 in approximately 14-d intervals, each time during one day on a different part of the pasture, always between 06.00 and 16.00. The method of registration was instantaneous scan sampling, performed at approximately 60 min intervals. On the days of observations mean daily temperature varied from 20.2 to 20.8 °C. Grazing was the behaviour shown by the highest percentage of animals in the herd (58.6%), followed by rumination (28.2%), lying down (26.5%), wallowing (12.9%) and standing (1.4%). When they had access to a pond or ditch, the proportion of animals wallowing was twice as much compared to stream access (P<0.05). It was concluded that the welfare of the investigated buffaloes was not compromised during the high summer temperatures that can be encountered in Poland. Results also indicate that the highest level of welfare can be reached in this time of year when animals are provided with access to ample facility for wallowing. Under our climatic conditions facilities with still or slowly moving water appeared to be preferred by river buffaloes. However, this study has a limitation which is short period of observation, thus it is possible that a longer and more representative period of observations could change these conclusions.

scholarly journals Eastern white pine and eastern hemlock growth: possible tradeoffs in response of canopy trees to climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Stern ◽  
Paul Schaberg ◽  
Shelly A Rayback ◽  
Paula F. Murakami ◽  
Christopher Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Pollutant Deposition ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Over Time

A warming climate and extended growing season may confer competitive advantages to temperate conifers that can photosynthesize across seasons. Whether this potential translates into increased growth is unclear, as is whether pollution could constrain growth. We examined two temperate conifers - eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) - and analyzed associations between growth (476 trees in 23 plots) and numerous factors, including climate and pollutant deposition variables. Both species exhibited increasing growth over time and eastern white pine showed greater maximum growth. Higher spring temperatures were associated with greater growth for both species, as were higher autumnal temperatures for eastern hemlock. Negative correlations were observed with previous year (eastern hemlock) and current year (eastern white pine) summer temperatures. Spring and summer moisture availability were positively correlated with growth for eastern white pine throughout its chronology, whereas for hemlock, correlations with moisture shifted from being significant with current year’s growth to previous year’s growth over time. The growth of these temperate conifers might benefit from higher spring (both species) and fall (eastern hemlock) temperatures, though this could be offset by reductions in growth associated with hotter, drier summers.

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