Growth responses to thinning and pruning in Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus nitens, and Eucalyptus grandis plantations in southeastern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Forrester ◽  
Thomas G. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Crown Length

Growth responses to pruning or thinning are well documented but their interactions are not, even though they are sometimes performed simultaneously. Growth responses to thinning and pruning were examined in nine plantation silvicultural experiments at five sites in southeastern mainland Australia. The species studied were Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden, and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. Thinning from about 1100–1300 trees·ha–1 to about 300 or 500 trees·ha–1 at either age 3–4 years or 7–10 years increased the volume of sawlog crop trees in all species. Multiple lift pruning to 6.5 m height on the sawlog crop trees that retained at least 70% of the live crown length at any lift significantly reduced tree growth at only one of the six site–species combinations where both thinning and pruning were studied. And here, thinning interacted with pruning such that the pruning effects were not significant in unthinned stands because only shaded and inefficient foliage was removed. This study shows that thinning and pruning can interact to influence sawlog crop tree growth and this interaction is influenced by site.

scholarly journals Aplicación de boro en eucalipto: comparación de fuentes

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Marcelo Gabriel Ferrando ◽  
José Pedro Zamalvide
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis

La deficiencia de boro (B) en sistemas forestales ha sido reportada en diferentes especies de pino y eucalipto, verificándose importantes mejoras en la producción y/o calidad de madera, con el agregado de este nutriente. La baja retranslocación del B dentro de la planta hace necesario un aporte constante para satisfacer las demandas del cultivo. Al ser un nutriente muy poco retenido por el suelo está sujeto a pérdidas por lixiviación. El uso de fertilizantes solubles brinda una solución a corto plazo, muy dependiente de situaciones ambientales, mientras que las fuentes de liberación lenta permitirían un aporte más constante y por más tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la disponibilidad en el tiempo del B proveniente de diferentes fuentes, a través de cambios en las concentraciones foliares de Eucalyptus globulus (Labille) y Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden), en distintas situaciones de suelos y manejo. Se instalaron tres experimentos de campo de comparación de fuentes boratadas (borato de sodio vs ulexita), aplicadas en cobertura, a árboles con seis meses de transplantados, en distintos sitios experimentales de Uruguay. A los 6, 12 y 24 meses luego de la fertilización se evaluaron las concentraciones foliares de B. La ulexita mostró una alta solubilidad y baja residualidad, con similar eficiencia que el borato de sodio como aporte de B para los eucaliptos. La dosis de B aplicada (4 g de B por planta) parecería ser suficiente para alcanzar niveles foliares que podrían considerarse de suficiencia, sin llegar a niveles de toxicidad.

scholarly journals Clonal selection of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus for productivity, adaptability, and stability, using SNP markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Torres-Dini ◽  
A. C. P. Nunes ◽  
A. Aguiar ◽  
N. Nikichuk ◽  
C. Centurión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In Uruguay, reforestations with Eucalyptus sp. is of fundamental importance to supply paper, pulp, and wood production. This study investigates genetic, productivity, stability, and adaptability parameters in the selection of Eucalypts grandis x Eucalyptus globulus full-sib hybrid clones. The study was conducted in a clonal test, repeated in two different soils types, in Rio Negro State, Uruguay. The population was characterized phenotypically for diameter at breast height (dbh) and genotyped for SNP markers (EuCHIP60K chip). Mean dbh was similar between sites and the genotype–environment interaction was simple. We found high genotype correlation in clone performance between environments (0.708), indicating the possibility of selecting the same clones for both study locations. Mean heritability between clones (0.724), coefficient of individual genetic variation (10.9 %), and relative variation (0.916), suggest the possibility of gains (estimated at 3.1 % for both sites together) by selecting clones with higher growth rates. A total of 15,196 SNPs were used to confirm parentage and test a genomic selection model for dbh. The predictive capacity was negative (-0.15) given the small population size (78 individuals). The most adaptable material among the tested study sites presented higher values for SNP heterozygosity. Thus, using molecular markers to identify clones responsive to environmental changes can act as a powerful tool in Eucalyptus breeding programs. The hybrid population showed greater adaptability than E. globulus for this region.

scholarly journals Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Characterize Peatland Microtopography and Assess Tree Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and CO2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Northern Peatlands

Northern peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon (C) store, with an annual sink of 0.1 Pg C yr-1 and a total storage estimate of 547 Pg C. Northern peatlands are also major contributors of atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The microtopography of peatlands helps modulate peatland carbon fluxes; however, there is a lack of quantitative characterizations of microtopography in the literature. The lack of formalized schemes to characterize microtopography makes comparisons between studies difficult. Further, many land surface models do not accurately simulate peatland C emissions, in part because they do not adequately represent peatland microtopography and hydrology. The C balance of peatlands is determined by differences in C influxes and effluxes, with the largest being net primary production and heterotrophic respiration, respectively. Tree net primary production at a treed bog in northern Minnesota represented about 13% of C inputs to the peatland, and marks tree aboveground net primary production (ANPP) as an important pathway for C to enter peatlands. Tree species Picea mariana (Black spruce) and Larix Laricina (Tamarack) are typically found in wooded peatlands in North America, and are widely distributed in the North American boreal zone. Therefore, understanding how these species will respond to environmental change is needed to make predictions of peatland C budgets in the future. As the climate warms, peatlands are expected to increase C release to the atmosphere, resulting in a positive feedback loop. Further, climate warming is expected to occur faster in northern latitudes compared to the rest of the globe. The Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE; https://mnspruce.ornl.gov/) manipulates temperature and CO2 concentrations to evaluate the in-situ response of a peatland to environmental change and is located in Minnesota, USA. In this dissertation, I documented surface roughness metrics for peatland microtopography in SPRUCE plots and developed three explicit methods for classifying frequently used microtopographic classes (microforms) for different scientific applications. Subsequently I used one of these characterizations to perform a sensitivity analysis and improve the parameterization of microtopography in a land surface model that was calibrated at the SPRUCE site. The modeled outputs of C from the analyses ranged from 0.8-34.8% when microtopographical parameters were allowed to vary within observed ranges. Further, C related outputs when using our data-driven parameterization differed from outputs when using the default parameterization by -7.9 - 12.2%. Finally, I utilized TLS point clouds to assess the effect elevated temperature and CO2 concentrations had on P. mariana and L. laricina after the first four years of SPRUCE treatments. I observed that P. mariana growth (aboveground net primary production) had a negative response to temperature initially, but the relationship became less pronounced through time. Conversely, L. laricina had no growth response to temperature initially, but developed a positive relationship through time. The divergent growth responses of P. mariana and L. laricina resulted in no detectable change in aboveground net primary production at the community level. Results from this dissertation help improve how peatland microtopography is represented, and improves understanding of how peatland tree growth will respond to environmental change in the future.

Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Raymond ◽  
A Muneri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.

scholarly journals Twentieth century redistribution in climatic drivers of global tree growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. eaat4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flurin Babst ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benjamin Poulter ◽  
Valerie Trouet ◽  
Martin P. Girardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
Water Limitations

Energy and water limitations of tree growth remain insufficiently understood at large spatiotemporal scales, hindering model representation of interannual or longer-term ecosystem processes. By assessing and statistically scaling the climatic drivers from 2710 tree-ring sites, we identified the boreal and temperate land areas where tree growth during 1930–1960 CE responded positively to temperature (20.8 ± 3.7 Mio km2; 25.9 ± 4.6%), precipitation (77.5 ± 3.3 Mio km2; 96.4 ± 4.1%), and other parameters. The spatial manifestation of this climate response is determined by latitudinal and altitudinal temperature gradients, indicating that warming leads to geographic shifts in growth limitations. We observed a significant (P< 0.001) decrease in temperature response at cold-dry sites between 1930–1960 and 1960–1990 CE, and the total temperature-limited area shrunk by −8.7 ± 0.6 Mio km2. Simultaneously, trees became more limited by atmospheric water demand almost worldwide. These changes occurred under mild warming, and we expect that continued climate change will trigger a major redistribution in growth responses to climate.

scholarly journals Application of hypergravity in Eucalyptus and Corymbia seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Caíque Pires Nunes ◽  
Glêison Augusto dos Santos ◽  
Marlise Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Thais Russomano ◽  
Osmarino Pires dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Plastic Containers

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth responses of various Eucalyptus and Corymbia species subjected to different intensities of simulated hypergravity relative to the control. A centrifuge was used to simulate hypergravity. It was developed and built at the Centro de Microgravidade of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Seeds of five Eucalyptus and one Corymbia species (E. grandis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii, and C. maculata) were placed on moist germination paper in plastic containers and rotated at speeds simulating 5 Gz and 7 Gz for different lengths of time. Hypergravity technology significantly increased seedling production (diameter, height, and survival at 120 days) in nurseries. In E. globulus, the effects of hypergravity were significant at 7 Gz at all lengths of time (from 1 d to 9 days). Effects of hypergravity were significant in both E. benthamii and E. grandis at 7 Gz and 8 h exposure. Therefore, simulated hypergravity could be used in performance tests of Eucalyptus seedlings in early stages of development.

scholarly journals Site Classification of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis Plantations in China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Haifei Lu ◽  
Jianmin Xu ◽  
Guangyou Li ◽  
Wangshu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Quantification Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: It is important to match species needs with site conditions for sustainable forestry. In Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis plantations in southern Yunnan, China, species-site mismatches have led to inappropriate expansion and management, which has degraded forests and decreased efficiency in plantation production. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between tree growth and site productivity. We empirically explored site features and classified site types within these plantations in southern Yunnan. Our objective was to develop a theoretical basis for improving site selection for afforestation, and to establish intensive management in that region. Materials and Methods: 130 standard plots were set up in 1−15-year-old eucalyptus plantations in Pu’er and Lincang. We used quantification theory to examine the relationship between dominant tree growth traits and site factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis were applied to classify sites and evaluate the growth potential of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantations, respectively. Results: The multiple correlation coefficient between eight site factors (altitude, slope, slope position, aspect, soil depth, texture, bulk density, and litter thickness) and the quantitative growth of the dominant tree was 0.834 (p < 0.05). Slope position, altitude, and soil depth were the main factors contributing to the variation in stand growth. Plantation growth was best on lower slopes at relatively low altitude, where thick and weathered red soil layers existed. Conversely, the poorest plantations were located on upper slopes at higher altitude, with a thin semi-weathered purple soil layer. The soil factors total nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), trace boron (B), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) content, available phosphorous (P), and organic matter content in the soil influenced plantation growth. Conclusions. The addition of N, P, and K fertilizer as well as trace elements such as B, Cu, and Zn can promote the productivity of these plantations.

How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest?

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Maynard ◽  
D. Paré ◽  
E. Thiffault ◽  
B. Lafleur ◽  
K.E. Hogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Multiple Disturbances ◽  
Tree Nutrition

There are concerns about the effect of increasing resource extraction and other human activities on the soils and vegetation of the boreal zone. The review covers published papers between 1974 and 2012 to assess the effects of natural disturbances and human activities on soils and tree nutrition and growth of the Canadian boreal zone. Changes in soil and foliar nutrients following disturbance were also analyzed by meta-analysis. When sufficient replicated studies were not available for a given disturbance or nutrient, response assessments or narrative summaries are presented. The majority of fertilization studies in the boreal zone showed a positive tree growth response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization either individually or in combination. Large amounts of N may be lost through volatilization following fire depending on the severity and frequency of the fire. This may contribute to N limitation in the boreal zone. Available soil P and extractable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in the surface horizons following fire. In contrast, extractable P decreased following harvest. Harvesting had no effect on total or inorganic N except in mixedwoods where total N decreased in the surface organic horizon following harvest. These are potential areas of concern given tree growth responses to N and P fertilization. Potassium (K) in the forest floor did not change following fire or harvesting; thus, K availability for tree nutrition should not be at risk, since its cycle is rapidly restored. Mercury (Hg) cycling may be altered in the boreal zone as a result of flooding and if fire return intervals and intensities increase. Interactions of multiple disturbances may increase the risk of nutrient depletions, but there is currently little information on these interactions in the boreal zone. Evidence to date suggests the soils of the Canadian boreal zone have not been adversely affected except in localized areas. However, there is the risk of nutrient loss if soils are not considered in our forest management strategies, particularly where multiple disturbances may interact. The potential for off-site movement of nutrients and contaminants into the atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, in addition to on-site environmental issues, is also a concern.

Legacy effects of land-use modulate tree growth responses to climate extremes

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Mausolf ◽  
Werner Härdtle ◽  
Kirstin Jansen ◽  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Dietrich Hertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Effects Of Land Use
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document