scholarly journals Road runoff and sediment sampling for determining road sediment yield at the watershed scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1970-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Surfleet ◽  
Arne E. Skaugset ◽  
Matthew W. Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Commercial Forest

In this study, we demonstrate that watershed-scale estimates of road sediment production are improved if field measurements of road runoff and sediment production are used in the analysis. We used several techniques to spatially extrapolate measurements of road runoff and sampled sediment: comprehensive road runoff measurements, runoff estimates derived from the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM), and adjustment of the road erosion models WARSEM and SEDMODL2.The sediment yield for the Oak Creek, Oregon, road network based on measured road runoff and sediment was 6.5 tons/year. When DHSVM was used to simulate road runoff, the estimated sediment from roads was similar, 6.9 tons/years. The road sediment production estimated by SEDMODL2 and WARSEM, adjusted with field-measured road runoff and sediment, was 28% and 34% less, respectively, than using the models with the default parameters. When applied to a road network in commercial forest land with frequent road use, the sediment yield estimated by SEDMODL2 and WARSEM without adjustment from field measurements was 480% and 610% higher, respectively, than with adjustments. We found that measuring runoff and sediment from one large storm event (≥1 year recurrence) provided a statistically significant relationship with the annual sediment yield.

scholarly journals Modelling Runoff and Sediment Loads in a Developing Coastal Watershed of the US-Mexico Border

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Gudino-Elizondo ◽  
Trent W. Biggs ◽  
Ronald L. Bingner ◽  
Eddy J. Langendoen ◽  
Thomas Kretzschmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Urbanization can increase sheet, rill, gully, and channel erosion. We quantified the sediment budget of the Los Laureles Canyon watershed (LLCW), which is a mixed rural-urbanizing catchment in Northwestern Mexico, using the AnnAGNPS model and field measurements of channel geometry. The model was calibrated with five years of observed runoff and sediment loads and used to evaluate sediment reduction under a mitigation scenario involving paving roads in hotspots of erosion. Calibrated runoff and sediment load had a mean-percent-bias of 28.4 and − 8.1, and root-mean-square errors of 85% and 41% of the mean, respectively. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) collected at different locations during one storm-event correlated with modeled SSC at those locations, which suggests that the model represented spatial variation in sediment production. Simulated gully erosion represents 16%–37% of hillslope sediment production, and 50% of the hillslope sediment load is produced by only 23% of the watershed area. The model identifies priority locations for sediment control measures, and can be used to identify tradeoffs between sediment control and runoff production. Paving roads in priority areas would reduce total sediment yield by 30%, but may increase peak discharge moderately (1.6%–21%) at the outlet.

scholarly journals Stability of tillians and impact on the road network: case of the outside basin of Ouergha (Morocco)

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02052
Author(s):  
I. JAOUDA ◽  
A. AKHSSAS ◽  
L. OUADIF ◽  
L. BAHI ◽  
A. LAHMILI
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

The study concerns the cartography of the spatio-temporal evolution of the embankments of the road network of the Oued Ouergha watershed using data from the Landsat images on the one hand, and the modeling of soil stability processes. On the other hand. This region experiences an intense destabilization linked to the combination of several natural factors, such as the brutality and the abundance of the precipitations and the outcrop on the marls and limestones of Cretaceous. Human intervention in this vulnerable environment accentuates its fragility through the clearing and degradation of vegetation cover. The analysis of satellite data has shown that the most degraded soils are not necessarily those with the highest rate of erosion over the past fifteen years and that some well-developed soils are unstable areas after clearing and their non-rational exploitation. Human intervention and the choice of road routes sometimes, combined with climate change, remain the most important factors in weakening and increasing the vulnerability of the slopes. The results obtained made it possible to identify and monitor vulnerable zones at the Ouergha watershed scale, where interventions are needed to limit the processes of slope degradation and their impact on the various road access routes in the region.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

STUDY OF MOVEMENTS MOBILITY-IMPAIRED POPULATION GROUPS IN PEDESTRIAN ZONES OF THE STREET-ROAD NETWORK (in the example of city of Kiev)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Cherednichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobility Impaired

The results of the study of the main elements of unobstructed space are presented and the compliance of the actual state with the regulatory requirements of measures to ensure a safe, comfortable, accessible and informative pedestrian zone of the road network is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the main regulatory requirements for access ramps on the legislation of Ukraine and the European Union is carried out.

Optimales Layout einer Walderschliessung

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Leo Bont
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Short Time

Optimal layout of a forest road network The road network is the backbone of forest management. When creating or redesigning a forest road network, one important question is how to shape the layout, this means to fix the spatial arrangement and the dimensioning standard of the roads. We consider two kinds of layout problems. First, new forest road network in an area without any such development yet, and second, redesign of existing road network for actual requirements. For each problem situation, we will present a method that allows to detect automatically the optimal road and harvesting layout. The method aims to identify a road network that concurrently minimizes the harvesting cost, the road network cost (construction and maintenance) and the hauling cost over the entire life cycle. Ecological issues can be considered as well. The method will be presented and discussed with the help of two case studies. The main benefit of the application of optimization tools consists in an objective-based planning, which allows to check and compare different scenarios and objectives within a short time. The responses coming from the case study regions were highly positive: practitioners suggest to make those methods a standard practice and to further develop the prototype to a user-friendly expert software.

scholarly journals The use of cement concrete pavements for roads, depending on climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Iryna Solonenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Road Network ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The development of road network infrastructure is an important component of the economic development of the European Union. Updating of the road network contributes to the integration of the economies of countries into a coherent whole. The road network provides the free movement of citizens, the movement of goods and the effective implementation of various services. The increase in the length of the road network leads to an increase in the financial and material costs necessary to ensure its maintenance and repair. One of the ways to reduce costs is by strengthening the physic-mechanical and operational characteristics of the pavement due to the widespread use of cement concrete. The quality of the pavement of cement concrete depends largely on the rational selection of its composition. This allows a significant increase in the durability of road pavement. The purpose of the research was: the development of recommendations for the rational selection of the composition of the road pavement material of cement concrete, aimed at upgrading longevity, and taking into account its frost resistance grade. According to the goal, the following tasks were developed: the analyses of the climatic zones in which the road network of the European Union is located; the development of a research plan, a selection of the response function and influence factors; the study of physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the researched material of road pavement; on the basis of the obtained data, the calculation of the complex of experimental-statistical models, which describe the physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the road pavement material; on the basis of experimental statistical models, a method was proposed for selecting the rational compositions of the cement concrete pavement road material depending on the conditions of its application. The results presented in the article can be used in engineering and scientific practice for the selection of road pavement from cement concrete for highways.

scholarly journals Modeling of Emergency Supply Scheduling Problem Based on Reliability and Its Solution Algorithm under Variable Road Network after Sudden-Onset Disasters

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinggui Chen ◽  
Shiwen Wu ◽  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Guodong Cong ◽  
Gongfa Li
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Emergency Supply

It is common that many roads in disaster areas are damaged and obstructed after sudden-onset disasters. The phenomenon often comes with escalated traffic deterioration that raises the time and cost of emergency supply scheduling. Fortunately, repairing road network will shorten the time of in-transit distribution. In this paper, according to the characteristics of emergency supplies distribution, an emergency supply scheduling model based on multiple warehouses and stricken locations is constructed to deal with the failure of part of road networks in the early postdisaster phase. The detailed process is as follows. When part of the road networks fail, we firstly determine whether to repair the damaged road networks, and then a model of reliable emergency supply scheduling based on bi-level programming is proposed. Subsequently, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is presented to solve the problem mentioned above. Finally, through a case study, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm are verified.

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