Estimating the effect of poplar resistance on the performance of the woolly poplar aphid, Phloeomyzus passerinii, in various experimental conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pointeau ◽  
Aurélien Sallé ◽  
Vincent Lesieur ◽  
Stéphanie Bankhead-Dronnet ◽  
Matthieu Bonnaffoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Settlement Rate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Aphid Clone ◽  
Poplar Cuttings ◽  
And Performance

The woolly poplar aphid, Phloeomyzus passerinii (Signoret) (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae), causes the most damage to poplars in southern Europe and the Near East as outbreaks can lead to massive mortality in mature stands. Previous studies, conducted on poplar cuttings or young trees, showed that resistance varied depending on the poplar genotype. However, these results did not indicate how aphid populations were affected by tree resistance and were only partially confirmed by field observations. This study investigated the effect on aphid settlement and performance of poplar genotypes belonging to Populus × canadensis Moench, Populus × interamericana Brockh., Populus nigra L., Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall, and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. using a single aphid clone. The study was conducted under three experimental conditions: (i) unrooted cuttings, (ii) potted cuttings, and (iii) mature trees. The aphid settlement rate, the larval development rate, and the fecundity were affected by the poplar genotype, highlighting the antixenotic and antibiotic properties involved in tree resistance to P. passerinii. The laboratory results for aphid performance and settlement rate on unrooted cuttings were transposable to both potted cuttings and mature trees. Laboratory studies could, therefore, provide useful information for identifying the parameters involved in resistance mechanisms.

STEREOTYPE THREAT AND STEREOTYPE LIFT: THE CASE OF 10 YEAR OLD GIRLS AND BOYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypicalinformation on the self-esteem and cognitive performance of 10-year-old children. Our sampleconsisted of 37 girls and 37 boys. Children were presented with 10 “mathematical” puzzles in threeexperimental conditions: stereotypical (boys are better), counter-stereotypical (girls are better), andthe control condition (no particular information). Self-esteem was measured using a non-verbaltask. The results showed a significant interaction effect of “condition x sex” on self-esteem andperformance. Girls revealed no significant differences between control and experimental conditions,while boys showed a significant drop in self-esteem and performance in the counter-stereotypicalcondition as compared to the control condition and a significant lift in self-esteem and performancein the stereotypical condition as compared to the control condition.

Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vandenberghe ◽  
N. Gillis ◽  
M. Van Leemputte ◽  
P. Van Hecke ◽  
F. Vanstapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Fatigue ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

This study aimed to compare the effects of oral creatine (Cr) supplementation with creatine supplementation in combination with caffeine (Cr+C) on muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) level and performance in healthy male volunteers (n = 9). Before and after 6 days of placebo, Cr (0.5 g x kg-1 x day-1), or Cr (0.5 g x kg-1 x day-1) + C (5 mg x kg-1 x day-1) supplementation, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the gastrocnemius muscle and a maximal intermittent exercise fatigue test of the knee extensors on an isokinetic dynamometer were performed. The exercise consisted of three consecutive maximal isometric contractions and three interval series of 90, 80, and 50 maximal voluntary contractions performed with a rest interval of 2 min between the series. Muscle ATP concentration remained constant over the three experimental conditions. Cr and Cr+C increased (P < 0.05) muscle PCr concentration by 4-6%. Dynamic torque production, however, was increased by 10-23% (P < 0.05) by Cr but was not changed by Cr+C. Torque improvement during Cr was most prominent immediately after the 2-min rest between the exercise bouts. The data show that Cr supplementation elevates muscle PCr concentration and markedly improves performance during intense intermittent exercise. This ergogenic effect, however, is completely eliminated by caffeine intake.

Safety and Performance Evaluation of Su2ura Approximation, a New Suturing Device, in Pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 019262332110679
Author(s):  
Yuval Ramot ◽  
Serge Rousselle ◽  
Michal Steiner ◽  
Yossi Lavie ◽  
Nati Ezov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Fibrotic Scar ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tissue Approximation

One of the challenging aspects of minimal invasive surgery (MIS) is intracorporal suturing, which can be significantly time-consuming. Therefore, there is a rising need for devices that can facilitate the suturing procedure in MIS. Su2ura Approximation Device (Su2ura Approximation) is a novel device developed to utilize the insertion of anchors threaded with stitches to allow a single action placement of a suture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and tissue approximation of Su2ura Approximation in comparison to Endo Stitch + Surgidac sutures in female domestic pigs. All incision sites were successfully closed by both methods. Firm consolidation within and around the incision site was noted in several animals in both treatment groups, which corresponded histopathologically to islands of ectopic cartilage or bone spicules within the fibrotic scar. These changes reflect heterotopic ossification that is commonly seen in the healing of abdominal operation sites in pigs. No other abnormal findings were observed throughout the study period. In conclusion, the use of Su2ura Approximation under the present experimental conditions revealed no safety concerns.

scholarly journals Well-Being and Throwing Speed of Women Handball Players Affected by Feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6064
Author(s):  
Diego Soto ◽  
Juan Antonio García-Herrero ◽  
Rodrigo J. Carcedo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

This research aims at studying the effect of feedback on well-being (vitality, and positive and negative affect), competence valuation, perceived competence, motivation, and performance (throwing speed and accuracy) in a throwing task. Thirty nine expert women handball players, with experience in international handball competitions, participated in this study. They were indiscriminately ascribed to one of three different experimental conditions measuring feedback: (positive, negative, and none). Significant differences in well-being (positive affect) and throwing speed were found among the three feedback groups. More concretely, higher levels of positive affect and throwing speed were found in the negative feedback group in comparison with the other two groups (positive and no-feedback). These results have important implications for athletes’ well-being and performance, and for coaches’ training programs.

The Effects of Baker-Miller Pink on Physiological and Cognitive Behavior of Emotionally Disturbed and Regular Education Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Regular Education ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Little systematic attention has been given to examining the effects of the color Baker-Miller pink on emotionally disturbed students, and research has yielded conflicting results. In this study two groups of students (14 emotionally disturbed students and 16 regular education students) were exposed to two experimental conditions with different visual stimuli — white and Baker-Miller pink. Group One was exposed to the white condition followed by the pink condition. Group Two was exposed initially to the pink condition followed by the white condition. Blood pressure, pulse rate, grip strength, and performance on the Digit-Symbol subtest of the WAIS-R were monitored under both experimental conditions. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences on systolic and diastolic blood pressure results but not on pulse, grip strength, nor the Digit-Symbol test. Caution is advised to persons considering using Baker-Miller pink for treatment of aggression, anxiety, and concentration.

Preparation and Performance of Porous Membrane Materials Using the Sol-Gel Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Shu Kang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
And Performance

Porous membrane materials have the universal use, so it is widely considered as one of the most promising high-tech. Different membranes have different preparation methods. In this paper, the sol-gel method was applied to prepare silica particles using ammonia as catalyst of TEOS hydrolysis, then silica particles were mixed with polyethylene, and finally silica particles were dissolved with hydrofluoric acid, leaving holes, the porous materials were obtained. The results show that: (1) In this experimental conditions, the size of silica particles are closely related to the water content of the system. (2) The size of silica particles affects the agglomeration of particles. The size of silica particles are smaller, the agglomeration is more obvious. (3) As the content of PE increases, the porosity of the samples decreases continuously; in theory, when the content of silica is low, the hole will be greater.

scholarly journals Chewing Gum: Cognitive Performance, Mood, Well-Being, and Associated Physiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Allen ◽  
Andrew P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
And Performance

Recent evidence has indicated that chewing gum can enhance attention, as well as promoting well-being and work performance. Four studies (two experiments and two intervention studies) examined the robustness of and mechanisms for these effects. Study 1 investigated the acute effect of gum on mood in the absence of task performance. Study 2 examined the effect of rate and force of chewing on mood and attention performance. Study 3 assessed the effects of chewing gum during one working day on well-being and performance, as well as postwork mood and cognitive performance. In Study 4, performance and well-being were reported throughout the workday and at the end of the day, and heart rate and cortisol were measured. Under experimental conditions, gum was associated with higher alertness regardless of whether performance tasks were completed and altered sustained attention. Rate of chewing and subjective force of chewing did not alter mood but had some limited effects on attention. Chewing gum during the workday was associated with higher productivity and fewer cognitive problems, raised cortisol levels in the morning, and did not affect heart rate. The results emphasise that chewing gum can attenuate reductions in alertness, suggesting that chewing gum enhances worker performance.

THE RELATION OF BARK MOISTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANKER DISEASES CAUSED BY NATIVE, FACULTATIVE PARASITES: 2. FUSARIUM CANKER ON BLACK COTTONWOOD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Canker Development

A close correlation was found to exist between the development of a bark canker in nursery-grown Populus trichocarpa Torrey and Gray, caused by Fusarium lateritium Nees., and the moisture content of the living bark. When bark moisture was expressed as a percentage of the amount of water required to saturate the sample under experimental conditions, relative turgidities of 80% or more inhibited canker development which, however, occurred normally at lower percentages. Studies of the epidemiology of Fusarium canker in the nursery afforded evidence in support of the limiting effect of bark moisture on canker development. Thus during the dormant season of 1957–58, the monthly average temperature was higher than the minimum temperature for the growth of F. lateritium on potato dextrose agar, and the relative turgidity did not reach the inhibiting value of 80%. Cankers continued to develop throughout this period. During the growing season while temperatures were still more favorable for fungus development, no extension of cankers occurred in the nursery trees, apparently because, during the growing period, the relative turgidity was in excess of 80%. Canker development was prevented during the winter by placing dormant cuttings in water, which likewise increased the moisture content of the bark above the 80% level.During the dormant season the bark of field-grown black cottonwoods maintained relative turgidity values of approximately 80% or higher and the disease could not be found on these trees.

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