Predictions of wood density and module of elasticity of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) from near infrared spectral analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Xu ◽  
Menghua Qin ◽  
Yonghao Ni ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Barbara Dalpke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Green Wood

The predictions of properties for wood disc average are seldom reported, and they are important for sorting out logs based on their quality. The minimum near infrared (NIR) spectra required to predict wood disc average properties would also be of critical importance. In this study, calibration and prediction models for wood disc average properties were developed using NIR spectral data for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) samples collected from 14 different sites across Newfoundland, Canada. The calibration was done against area-weighted average wood properties determined by SilviScan. NIR spectra were collected in 18 mm increments from the radial–longitudinal face of green and oven-dried samples. Results showed that using NIR spectra from three spots per wood strip was sufficient for the modeling and prediction for density and module of elasticity (MOE). The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.76 (MOE of green wood samples) to 0.88 (density of oven-dried wood samples). However, the microfibril angle (MFA) cannot be well predicted from either green wood or oven-dried wood NIR spectra. Our results further showed that the NIR spectra collected from oven-dried wood samples gave better calibration and prediction than those collected from green wood samples.

Estimation of the physical wood properties of green Pinus taeda radial samples by near infrared spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Schimleck ◽  
C Mora ◽  
R F Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Green Wood

The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the green wood of radial samples (simulated increment cores) and the development of calibrations for the prediction of wood properties are described. Twenty Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) radial strips were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness. NIR spectra were obtained in 10-mm steps from the radial longitudinal and transverse faces of each sample and used to develop calibrations for each property. NIR spectra were collected when the wood was green (moisture content ranged from approximately 100% to 154%) and dried to approximately 7% moisture content. Relationships between measured and NIR estimates for green wood were good; coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.79 (MFA) to 0.85 (air-dry density). Differences between calibrations developed using the radial longitudinal and transverse faces were small. Calibrations were tested on an independent set. Predictive errors were relatively large for some green samples and relationships were moderate; R2p ranged from 0.67 (MFA) to 0.81 (stiffness). Dry wood calibrations demonstrated strong predictive relationships with R2p ranging from 0.87 (air-dry density) to 0.95 (stiffness). NIR spectroscopy has the potential to predict the air-dry density, MFA, and stiffness of 10-mm sections of green P. taeda wood samples.

Marten use of clear-cuttings and residual forest stands in western Newfoundland

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Snyder ◽  
John A. Bissonette
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Capture Rates

Marten (Martes americana) inhabit primarily old-growth coniferous and mixed wood forest habitats. Widespread forest harvest operations have prompted inquiries into whether residual patches of forest left after harvesting, or regenerating clear-cuttings, provide adequate habitat for marten. In western Newfoundland, the primary method of tree harvest has been clear-cutting of large tracts of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana). The only remaining populations of marten in the province also are found in the western part of the island, with greatest densities near Little Grand Lake. This study was designed to determine if marten used regenerating clear-cuttings and small remnant patches of residual forest left after forest operations. Habitat use by marten was investigated by livetrapping and snow tracking. Residual stands were classified into five size categories, and clear-cuttings into three categories based on height of balsam fir regeneration. From June to December 1983, marten were trapped in 43 residual stands and 35 clear-cuttings. A total of 3587 trap nights yielded 57 captures of 10 male and 8 female marten. Six (10.5%) captures were in clear-cuttings, all <15 years old; 51 (89.5%) marten were captured in residual stands. Capture rates were 0.48 captures/100 trap nights in the clear-cuttings and 2.19 captures/100 trap nights in residual stands. Capture rates were greatest in residual stands 25 to 34.9 ha in size (4.62 captures/100 trap nights). From January to March 1984, marten tracks were followed for 29 km. Although clear-cuttings represented 41 % of the study area, only 26% of marten travel was recorded there, all in clear-cuttings <15 years old. Residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forest composed 41.3% of the study area; 41.8% of marten travel was recorded there. Smaller residual areas (<25 ha) made up only 4.2% of the total area, but 32.4% of the marten travel was recorded in these areas. These data indicate that marten seldom used clear-cuttings and used residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forests in proportion to their occurrence, but the use of smaller residual stands <25 ha was greater than expected.

Comparing carbon pools and tree growth in balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) forest ecosystems located along a climatic gradient

Ecoscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Robert Boutin ◽  
Lamine Sarr ◽  
Valérie Lacerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Climatic Gradient

Synonymy and pathogenicity of Dermea piceina

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smerlis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir

Synonymy of Dermea piceina Groves is established and pathogenicity of this species demonstrated on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.).

Chemical examination of the wax from needles of black spruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Beri ◽  
H. W. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Examination

A waxlike substance extracted from the needles of black spruce by means of petroleum ether gives, upon saponification, capric, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acids, and one acid not identified. Acids of the C-20 to C-24 series constitute approximately 38% of the total acids. The unsaturated acids present are mostly of the C-18 series. The acids were identified by the gas–liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) of their methyl esters.The constituent acids of the waxlike substance from balsam fir needles are capric, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, and about 7 more, not identified. The acids of the C-20 to C-24 series are present to the extent of ca. 20%. About 55% of the acids are of the C-18 series, which is mostly unsaturated. There are present certain unsaturated acids, ca. 5%, of the C-20 to C-22 series.10-Nonacosanol has been isolated from the unsaponifiable matter remaining after saponification of the waxlike substances from black spruce and balsam fir foliage. Its identity has been established by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry.

Determination of radial profiles of wood properties using a near infrared scanning system

2020 ◽  
pp. 096703352096732
Author(s):  
Guillaume Giroud ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Jean Bégin
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Fiber Optic Probe ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Radial Profiles

A near infrared (NIR) spectrometer, equipped with a 2-mm diameter fiber optic probe, was used to develop a rapid and automated method for determining the radial profiles of wood properties for six tree species of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. Partial least squares regressions were performed using individual spectra, collected every 5 mm, from the pith to the bark, using 1,538 samples previously scanned by SilviScan to provide reference data. Results obtained for density (r2 of 0.57 to 0.65; SE of 21 to 33 kg/m3), microfibril angle (0.56 to 0.82, 2.3 to 4.8°) and modulus of elasticity (0.71 to 0.85, 1.3 to 1.8 GPa) were suitable for the purpose of this study. This method was then applied to more than 30,000 tree cores and the resulting radial profiles of the properties were consistent with literature. Area-weighted average predictions also gave reliable estimates at the disk scale. NIR-estimated values were strongly correlated to the measured density (r of 0.83 to 0.93) and modulus of elasticity (0.82 to 0.88) and moderately correlated to measured microfibril angle (0.64 to 0.78). Radial profiles of wood properties are needed to characterize the proportions of juvenile and mature wood. The developed method therefore offers interesting opportunities for estimating the quality of wood fiber in trees growing in plantation or natural forest.

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