Water availability and genetic effects on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2265-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Gonzalez-Benecke ◽  
T. A. Martin ◽  
A. Clark ◽  
G. F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

We studied the effect of water availability on basal area growth and wood properties of 11-year-old loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) trees from contrasting Florida (FL) (a mix of half-sib families) and South Carolina coastal plain (SC) (a single, half-sib family) genetic material. Increasing soil water availability via irrigation increased average whole-core specific gravity (SG) and latewood percentage (LW%) by 0.036 and 6.93%, respectively. Irrigation did not affect latewood SG or wood stiffness, but irrigated FL and SC trees had more latewood due to a 29 day longer growing season. Irrigation did not affect the length of corewood production, but irrigated trees had earlier transition ages, producing outerwood ~3 years before rainfed trees. The increase in whole-core SG and LW% was moderate because irrigation promoted earlywood growth in corewood formed before canopy closure, but after year 7, rain-fed and irrigated trees had similar earlywood growth but irrigated trees had more latewood growth, increasing ring SG and LW%. The SC half-sib family had higher SG and greater LW% than trees from FL independent of irrigation due to greater yearly latewood growth. Thus, absence of soil water stress extended seasonal diameter cessation date but did not change latewood SG or wood stiffness.

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Thinned Loblolly Pine Stand Growth Improved by Early Hardwood Suppression

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Terry R. Clason
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A hardwood suppression treatment applied to a 7-year-old, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation enhanced projected productivity through a 35-year rotation that included three commercial thinnings. By age 22, growth data showed that hardwood removal treatments had larger pines and smaller hardwoods than check treatments. Fifteen-year pine basal area and merchantable volume growth on hardwood removal plots exceeded the check plots by 25 and 27%. Projected growth between ages 22 and 35 indicated that 28 years after early hardwood removal thinned plantation merchantable volume yields improved by 840 ft³ per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):22-27.

Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
Charles E. Cordell ◽  
Alexander Clark
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

Analysis of a Virginia Pine Seed Source Trial in the Interior South

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
John Talbert ◽  
Gordon White ◽  
Charles Webb
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In a comparison of three diverse seed sources of improved Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) planted at two locations in north Alabama and south-central Tennessee, only stem straightness differences were statistically significant at six years of age. Families and seed sources tended to maintain the same ranking relative to each other at both locations. A majority of families performed significantly better than a Virginia pine commercial check lot, indicating substantial improvement in growth and straightness characteristics in one generation of selection. Two improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchard mixes from the South Carolina Piedmont showed a 27-percent height advantage over the Virginia pine at age 6.

Nondestructive estimation of Pinus taeda L. wood properties for samples from a wide range of sites in Georgia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Jones ◽  
L R Schimleck ◽  
G F Peter ◽  
R F Daniels ◽  
A Clark III
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Preliminary studies based on small sample sets show that near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has the potential for rapidly estimating many important wood properties. However, if NIR is to be used operationally, then calibrations using several hundred samples from a wide variety of growing conditions need to be developed and their performance tested on samples from new populations. In this study, 120 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) radial strips (cut from increment cores) representing 15 different sites from three physiographic regions in Georgia (USA) were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness. NIR spectra were collected in 10-mm increments from the radial longitudinal surface of each strip and split into calibration (nine sites, 729 spectra) and prediction sets (six sites, 225 spectra). Calibrations were developed using untreated and mathematically treated (first and second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction) spectra. Strong correlations were obtained for all properties, the strongest R2 values being 0.83 (density), 0.90 (MFA), and 0.93 (stiffness). When applied to the test set, good relationships were obtained (Rp2 ranged from 0.80 to 0.90), but the accuracy of predictions varied depending on math treatment. The addition of a small number of cores from the prediction set (one core per new site) to the calibration set improved the accuracy of predictions and importantly minimized the differences obtained with the various math treatments. These results suggest that density, MFA, and stiffness can be estimated by NIR with sufficient accuracy to be used in operational settings.

Identification of QTLs influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). II. Chemical wood properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sewell ◽  
M. F. Davis ◽  
G. A. Tuskan ◽  
N. C. Wheeler ◽  
C. C. Elam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Crown efficiency in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) spacing experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Sterba ◽  
Ralph L Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Crown efficiency was first defined by Assmann (1961. Waldertragskunde. BLV, München) as individual tree volume increment per unit of crown projection area. He hypothesized that within a given crown class, smaller crowns are more efficient because their ratio between crown surface and horizontal crown projection is higher. Data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing experiment were used to test if this hypothesis also holds in young loblolly pine stands and, if so, to determine if it explains the increment differences between spacings in the spacing experiment. Using individual tree height relative to plot dominant height to describe crown class, within-plot regression showed that crown efficiency decreased with crown size for trees below dominant height. This relationship was much less pronounced than indicated from Assmann's examples, although the crown surface to crown projection ratio behaved in the same way as Assmann had hypothesized. Crown efficiency as well as the crown surface to crown projection area ratio decreased with increasing density. Basal area increment per hectare increased until total crown closure approached 130% and then stayed constant. This major impact of total crown coverage brings into question the usefullness of crown efficiency as an indicator for unit area growth.

Prescribed Burning and Nutrient Cycling Relationships in Young Loblolly Pine Plantations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Kodama ◽  
D. H. Van Lear
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Moving Strip ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Prescribed burning of young unthinned plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the South Carolina Piedmont significantly reduced the quantity of individual nutrients in the L layer, but not the F + H layers of the forest floor. Burning reduced the weight of the L layer by 60 percent but the weight of the combined F + H layers was unaffected by the relatively fast-moving strip-head fires. Nutrient losses by ash convection from the L layer during the prescribed fire ranged from 3.6 lbs/ac for P to 23.1 lbs/ac for N. Some impaction of nutrients released in burning on pine canopies was detected by analysis of throughfall and stemflow. However, quantities of nutrients intercepted and released by the canopy are small when compared to nutrient transfer by leaf fall and precipitation. The canopy and stems markedly altered the nutrient concentrations of intercepted precipitation.

Color Aerial Photography for Assessing the Need for Fertilizers in Loblolly Pine Plantations

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Blinn ◽  
Al Lyons ◽  
Edward R. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Color aerial photography was used to assess crown color classes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Three distinct Munsell color classes were delineated on the resulting photographs. Foliar N levels and, to a lesser degree, foliar K levels were directly related to color. Significant relationships between color and site index and color and basal area were shown. Application of color aerial photography, combined with Munsell color coding, could expedite land classification and also make possible more efficient use of fertilizers. South J. Appl. For. 12(4):270-273.

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