Forest carbon stocks in Newfoundland boreal forests of harvest and natural disturbance origin II: model evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2146-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
C. H. Shaw ◽  
W. A. Kurz ◽  
G. J. Rampley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Tier 3

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that countries that use advanced (Tier 3) models to meet their international reporting obligations on forest greenhouse gas emissions and removals evaluate model predictions against independent field data. Unfortunately, estimates of total ecosystem C stocks and stock changes are scarce and consequently the recommended evaluations are rarely completed. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) is the core model of Canada’s National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting, and Reporting System that implements an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 3 approach. It accounts for biomass, dead organic matter, and soil C pools as affected by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. We used data from a recent study of total ecosystem C stocks for black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) boreal forest chronosequences of different disturbance origins in Newfoundland, Canada, to evaluate C stock and stock change predictions from the CBM-CFS3. Results indicated that the accuracy of the CBM-CFS3 is high for landscape-scale estimation of C stocks. Comparison of estimates stratified by lead species or disturbance type indicated that model accuracy could be improved at finer scales by increasing specific model parameters such as the snag fall rate and woody debris decay rates relative to default parameters.

scholarly journals Açaí fruit production and carbon stock in managed plantations in Southeast of Roraima

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Monteiro Condé ◽  
Jackelin Dias Condé ◽  
Carlos Wyldss Lacerda Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

The quantification of the carbon stock present in fruits and residues from the manufacture of açaí pulp provides an estimate of the contribution of these key-species to the Amazonian ecosystem to maintain the Earth’s climatic balance. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the production and carbon stock, based on factor 0.5, developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), present in açaí (Euterpe oleraceae M.) “BRS-Pará”, in managed plantations in São João da Baliza, Roraima. Allometric models were adjusted to estimate the carbon stock present in the fruits, bunches, and total (bunch and fruits) of açaí in terms of height and root collar diameter, a variable easily measured in the field. The production of açaí fruits and the forest carbon stock were higher in the managed planting with restriction thinning of only one remaining stem (single) about managed planting with thinning and clump conduction (average of three stipes). Therefore, both plantations provided a large production of açaí pulp with good economic yield and increased forest carbon stock per hectare.

Comparison of mitigation potential estimates of three models using the IPCC 3-tier approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Indu K. Murthy ◽  
Rakesh Tiwari ◽  
G.T. Hegde ◽  
M. Beerappa ◽  
Kameswar Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forestry Project ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Tier 3

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to estimate carbon mitigation impacts of project activities in a community forestry project in Andhra Pradesh, India. Measurement and quantification of carbon stocks, monitoring of these stocks over time and projections using models is necessary for assessing the climate change mitigation potential or impacts of all forest development and conservation projects. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, multiple mitigation assessment methods and models were used to estimate the carbon mitigation impacts – PROCOMAP, TARAM and CATIE, by adopting a three-tier approach similar to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Findings – There are differences in mitigation potential estimates across models as well as across tiers. The study highlights the strength and weaknesses and/or limitations and advantages of adopting the different approaches and their applicability for estimating mitigation potential of a forestry project. The same could be adopted for a future Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) regime also, given countries may not have the necessary technical capacity and data needed during the post-2012 REDD scheme. While countries with advanced data, technical and research capabilities could use models or, in other words, adopt the Tier-3 approach, countries with data and technical limitations, as in India, could adopt a Tier-2 or Tier-1 approach to begin with. Research limitations/implications – The limitations and advantages of use of the multiple mitigation models is addressed. Originality/value – This work would help understand use of three mitigation models by prospective students and researchers and also the data needs and limitations for use of these models.

Forest carbon stocks in Newfoundland boreal forests of harvest and natural disturbance origin I: field study

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2135-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
C. H. Shaw ◽  
P. Otahal
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Dead Tree ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
Forest C

Quantification of stand and forest C stocks in response to different disturbances is necessary to develop climate change mitigation strategies and to evaluate forest C accounting tools. Live tree, dead tree, woody debris (WD), stump, buried wood, and organic and mineral soil C stocks are described in chronosequences of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) (harvest and fire origin) and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) (insect and harvest origin). The largest C stocks were found in mineral soil (≤179 Mg·ha–1), organic soil (≤123 Mg·ha–1), and live tree (≤93 Mg·ha–1) pools. Live tree C changed predictably with disturbance history and time since disturbance, increasing with forest age. Regeneration growth slowed under snags. Thinning accelerated production of larger trees but reduced site live tree C. Dead tree and WD C were temporally dynamic and strongly influenced by disturbance history and time since disturbance, but abundances in differently disturbed forests converged at low levels 40–60 years after disturbance. Only immediately following natural disturbances were there large amounts of snag C (26–30 Mg·ha–1). WD C was relatively abundant <3 years after harvesting (15–17 Mg·ha–1) and 31–36 years after natural disturbance (9 Mg·ha–1). Buried wood stocks were small, but comparable with WD stocks in some forests.

A modeling approach to simulate impact of climate change in lake water quality: phytoplankton growth rate assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Hassan ◽  
Keisuke Hanaki ◽  
Tomonori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth Rate

Global climate change induced by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (especially CO2) is expected to include changes in precipitation, wind speed, incoming solar radiation, and air temperature. These major climate variables directly influence water quality in lakes by altering changes in flow and water temperature balance. High concentration of nutrient enrichment and expected variability of climate can lead to periodic phytoplankton blooms and an alteration of the neutral trophic balance. As a result, dissolved oxygen levels, with low concentrations, can fluctuate widely and algal productivity may reach critical levels. In this work, we will present: 1) recent results of GCMs climate scenarios downscaling project that was held at the University of Derby, UK.; 2) current/future comparative results of a new mathematical lake eutrophication model (LEM) in which output of phytoplankton growth rate and dissolved oxygen will be presented for Suwa lake in Japan as a case study. The model parameters were calibrated for the period of 1973–1983 and validated for the period of 1983–1993. Meterologic, hydrologic, and lake water quality data of 1990 were selected for the assessment analysis. Statistical relationships between seven daily meteorological time series and three airflow indices were used as a means for downscaling daily outputs of Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM2SUL) to the station sub-grid scale.

scholarly journals Global evidence of constraints and limits to human adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Thomas ◽  
Emily Theokritoff ◽  
Alexandra Lesnikowski ◽  
Diana Reckien ◽  
Kripa Jagannathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Global Evidence

AbstractConstraints and limits to adaptation are critical to understanding the extent to which human and natural systems can successfully adapt to climate change. We conduct a systematic review of 1,682 academic studies on human adaptation responses to identify patterns in constraints and limits to adaptation for different regions, sectors, hazards, adaptation response types, and actors. Using definitions of constraints and limits provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we find that most literature identifies constraints to adaptation but that there is limited literature focused on limits to adaptation. Central and South America and Small Islands generally report greater constraints and both hard and soft limits to adaptation. Technological, infrastructural, and ecosystem-based adaptation suggest more evidence of constraints and hard limits than other types of responses. Individuals and households face economic and socio-cultural constraints which also inhibit behavioral adaptation responses and may lead to limits. Finance, governance, institutional, and policy constraints are most prevalent globally. These findings provide early signposts for boundaries of human adaptation and are of high relevance for guiding proactive adaptation financing and governance from local to global scales.

Collective Risk and Distributional Equity in Climate Change Bargaining

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110273
Author(s):  
Aseem Mahajan ◽  
Reuben Kline ◽  
Dustin Tingley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Climate Negotiations ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Alternating Offers ◽  
International Climate Negotiations

International climate negotiations occur against the backdrop of increasing collective risk: the likelihood of catastrophic economic loss due to climate change will continue to increase unless and until global mitigation efforts are sufficient to prevent it. We introduce a novel alternating-offers bargaining model that incorporates this characteristic feature of climate change. We test the model using an incentivized experiment. We manipulate two important distributional equity principles: capacity to pay for mitigation of climate change and vulnerability to its potentially catastrophic effects. Our results show that less vulnerable parties do not exploit the greater vulnerability of their bargaining partners. They are, rather, more generous. Conversely, parties with greater capacity are less generous in their offers. Both collective risk itself and its importance in light of the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report make it all the more urgent to better understand this crucial strategic feature of climate change bargaining.

scholarly journals Welcome to Hydrogen—A New International and Interdisciplinary Open Access Journal of Growing Interest in Our Society

Hydrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
George E. Marnellos ◽  
Thomas Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report

The 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report [...]

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