Decomposition and nutrient release from four epiphytic lichen litters in sub-boreal spruce forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Campbell ◽  
Arthur L. Fredeen ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total N ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Alectoria Sarmentosa ◽  
Aboveground Litter

Epiphytic lichens are highly abundant in many sub-boreal forests and may be important components of nutrient cycling. Decomposition of, and nutrient release from, two cyanolichens (with N2-fixing cyanobacterial partners) and two chlorolichens (with green-algal partners) were quantified to estimate N inputs from epiphytic lichen litter in late-seral forests. Initial decay rates were strongly correlated with initial %N; the high-N cyanolichen litters ( Nephroma helveticum Ach. and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.) lost 26% more mass than the lower-N chlorolichen litters ( Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. and Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) over the first 4 months. Morphological characteristics also influenced decay, as decomposition of the hair chlorolichen (A. sarmentosa) was similar to that of the foliose cyanolichens, despite an N concentration that was 87% lower. N was immediately released from cyanolichen litters and retained in chlorolichen litters. After 24 months of decay, N concentrations remained highly divergent with 22–27 and 7–8 mg N·g–1 in cyanolichen and chlorolichen litter, respectively. Cyanolichen litter represents 0.1%–2.3% of the total aboveground litter biomass and 0.5%–11.5% of the total N input from aboveground litterfall. Decomposition of cyanolichen litter is estimated to release up to 2.1 kg N·ha–1·year–1 of newly fixed N that would otherwise be unavailable in mature sub-boreal forests.

Influence of Stand Age And Structure on the Epiphytic Lichen Vegetation in the Middle-Boreal Forests of Finland

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
M. Hyvärinen ◽  
P. Halonen ◽  
M. Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Community Variation

Abstract The epiphytic lichen vegetation on the trunks of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies was studied and analysed by canonical correspondence analysis in relation to a number of environmental variables. The distribution and abundance of epiphytic lichen species proved to be dependent on the age of the stand, showing divergent responses in relation to phorophyte species and environmental variables such as acidity of the bark and vertical location on the trunk. The importance of stand age in the pattern of community variation is concluded to be an outcome of interaction between changes in the structure of the tree canopy, microclimate and properties of the bark. The responses of single lichen species to changes in the environment seem to vary considerably, indicating differences in competitive ability and ecological strategy between the species.

Lack of congruence between terrestrial and epiphytic lichen strata in boreal forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Sarah Jovan ◽  
Susan Will-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Layer Versus ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Compositional Gradients ◽  
Environmental Responses

AbstractLichens occupy diverse substrates across tremendous ranges of environmental variation. In boreal forests, lichen communities co-occur in ‘strata’ defined by terrestrial or arboreal substrates, but these strata may or may not be interchangeable as bioindicators. Do co-occurring lichen strata have similar community structures and environmental responses? Could one stratum serve as a proxy for the other? We assessed variation in species richness and community compositions between ground-layer versus epiphyte-layer lichen strata in boreal forests and peatlands of interior Alaska. Species richness was lower and more spatially structured in the ground layer than the epiphyte layer. Richness of strata was not correlated. The most compositionally unique ground-layer communities were species-poor but contained regionally rare species not common in other plots. Variation in community compositions (ordination scores) were not congruent between strata (Procrustes congruence < 0.16 on 0–1 scale); the largest departures from congruence occurred where ground layers were species-poor. The best predictors of ground-layer community compositions were hydrological and topographic, whereas epiphytes were most associated with macroclimate and tree abundances. We conclude that lichens on different substrates ‘move in different circles’: compositional gradients did not agree and the environmental gradients most important to each lichen stratum were not the same. The conditions which strongly influence one vegetation stratum may have little bearing upon another. As global changes modify habitats, an incremental change in environment may lead community trajectories to diverge among lichen strata.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Cattle Dung and Nutrient Cycling in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Sandoval Carpinelli ◽  
Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Henrique Weirich Neto ◽  
Santos Henrique Brant Dias ◽  
Laíse da Silveira Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Total N ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Livestock Systems

Residue decomposition from cattle dung is crucial in the nutrient cycling process in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems (ICLS). It also involves the impact of the presence of trees exerted on excreta distribution, as well as nutrient cycling. The objectives of this research included (i) mapping the distribution of cattle dung in two ICLS, i.e., with and without trees, CLT and CL, respectively, and (ii) quantification of dry matter decomposition and nutrient release (nitrogen—N, phosphorus—P, potassium—K, and sulphur—S) from cattle dung in both systems. The cattle dung excluded boxes were set out from July 2018 to October 2018 (pasture phase), and retrieved after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84 days (during the grazing period). The initial concentrations of N (~19 g kg−1), P (~9 g kg−1), K (~16 g kg−1), and S (~8 g kg−1) in the cattle dung showed no differences. The total N, P, K and S released from the cattle dung residues were less in the CLT system (2.2 kg ha−1 of N; 0.7 kg ha−1 of P; 2.2 kg ha−1 of K and 0.6 kg ha−1 of S), compared to the CL (4.2 kg ha−1 of N; 1.4 kg ha−1 of P; 3.6 kg ha−1 of K and 1.1 kg ha−1 of S). Lesser quantities of cattle dung were observed in the CLT (1810) compared to the CL (2652), caused by the lower stocking rate, on average, in this system (721 in the CL vs. 393 kg ha−1 in the CLT) because of the reduced amount of pasture in the CLT systems (−41%), probably due to light reduction (−42%). The density of the excreta was determined using the Thiessen polygon area. The CL system revealed a higher concentration of faeces at locations near the water points, gate and fences. The CLT affects the spatial distribution of the dung, causing uniformity. Therefore, these results strengthen the need to understand the nutrient release patterns from cattle dung to progress fertilisation management.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis of morphological and yield traits of cactus pear accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Gonçalves Neder ◽  
Fabiane Rabelo da Costa ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Lenildo Teixeira Souto Filho
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Selection For

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between morphological characteristics and fresh matter yield of cactus pear and identify their direct and indirect effects. Nineteen accessions were evaluated for the following traits: number (NCl), thickness (ThCl), length (LCl) and width (WCl) of cladodes, plant height (PH) and plant width (PW), and green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY) and dry matter percentage (DM). The correlations were estimated, and path analysis was performed by the method proposed by Wright. GMY was strongly correlated with DMY, allowing indirect selection for this trait. NCl and ThCl had a direct effect on GMY and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Given the lack of significant correlations between MS and DMY, it is possible to select a palm variety with high DMY and DM.

Constituents of Bull Seminal Plasma

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-572
Author(s):  
LORD ROTHSCHILD ◽  
H. BARNES
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Total N ◽  
Electrometric Titration ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Total P

1. The concentrations of the main inorganic and certain organic constituents of bull seminal plasma have been examined. The average concentrations, in mg./100 ml., were: Sodium 258 Chloride 175 Potassium 172 Citrate 620 Calcium 37 Fructose 460 Magnesium 8 Total N 877 Iron 2 Total P 57 2. Sodium and potassium were found to be inversely correlated, r= -0.86, p&lt;0.001. 3. Calcium, chloride, fructose, citrate and total nitrogen were also strongly correlated (p&lt;0.001), in such a way that a knowledge of the concentration of any one of the constituents enabled the average concentration of the other four in the sample to be predicted with considerable accuracy. 4. Sodium, potassium and chloride were estimated by standard chemical methods and with the flame photometer (sodium and potassium) and by electrometric titration (chloride). The applicability of the alternative methods of estimation, which require very small quantities of seminal plasma, has been examined and is discussed. 5. The freezing-point depression, Δ, of bull seminal plasma was -0.533, standard error of mean, 0.005. 6. The Δ's of a number of laboratory and field diluents were also examined; with two exceptions they were found to vary markedly from Δ for bull seminal plasma.

Epiphyte Flora and Diversity on Basal Trunks of Six Old-Growth Forest Tree Species in Southern and Middle Boreal Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Kuusinen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Habitat Generalist

AbstractEpiphytic lichen and bryophyte species composition, richness and diversity were surveyed on basal trunks of six common old-growth forest tree species, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus incana, Salix caprea and Populus tremula, in two old-growth forest areas, one in southern and one in middle boreal Finland. The average species numbers per tree ranged from 18 (Picea) to 27 (Salix) in the southern and from 20 (Populus) to 31 (Salix) in the middle boreal area. A few widespread habitat-generalist species, such as the foliose lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca, were most abundant on all the tree species, except Populus. Most other epiphyte species showed at least a slight preference for one or two tree species. Populus proved to have the most distinct flora characterized by the abundance of certain, rather specialized crustose lichens and bryophytes. The number of species that occurred on only one tree species was highest on Populus (9) in the southern and on Alnus (18) in the middle boreal area. Differences in bark acidity and structure were the most likely explanations for the differences between tree species in the epiphytic flora and diversity. Salix and Populus were the most important of the tree species studied for the conservation of epiphyte diversity in the boreal forests of Finland.

The Effect of pH in the Tap Water on Nutrient Release from Slow Release Fertilizers

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
Jittrera Buates ◽  
Petchporn Chawakitchareon ◽  
Rewadee Anuwattana
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
N Release ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers

The objective of this research is to study the nutrient release behaviors on slow release fertilizer (Osmocote® N13:P13:K13, 3 month release formulation). The fertilizer was added into distilled water which adjusted pH of 6.5 and 7.5. The nutrient release behaviors were determined by collecting samples every 1 week and analyzed the nutrient contents in samples by scientific methods. As the result, for the total N release behavior, it may be considered that at lower pH condition tended to release more than that at higher one, for the P (shown by P2O5) and K (shown by K2O) release behaviors may be high at high pH condition.

Factors controlling epiphytic lichen biomass during postfire succession in black spruce boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Boudreault ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Darwyn Coxson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Structure Tree ◽  
Species Groups

Alectorioid lichens are the dominant group of epiphytic lichens in boreal forests. Epiphytic lichen richness and abundance generally increase with stand age and within-stand heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of time elapsed since the last fire, stand structure, tree size, tree age, and branch height for epiphytic lichen biomass of the boreal forest of western Quebec. We sampled 12 sites belonging to four forest age classes (from 50 to >200 years). We assessed epiphytic lichen biomass of three species groups ( Bryoria , Evernia , and Usnea ) on 12 trees in each site. Our results showed that biomass of Bryoria and Usnea was higher in intermediate stages (between 101 and 200 years) compared with younger (50–100 years) and older (>200 years) stages. Biomass of the three species groups was greater on larger diameter trees (>16 cm) compared with smaller ones (<16 cm). These results indicate that the protection of postfire stands aged between 101 and 200 year should be prioritized to maintain the functional role of epiphytic lichens in managed landscapes.

Nutrient release from decomposing crop residues in soil: A laboratory experiment

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scagnozzi ◽  
A. Saviozzi ◽  
R. Levi-Minzi ◽  
R. Riffaldi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Immobilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Quantitative Changes

AbstractIn a 400-day laboratory experiment, soil was amended with rape, sunflower and soybean residues to monitor the quantitative changes in the main inorganic nutrients. Total N, available P, exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in all the amended samples increased significantly. Generally, the increase in the amounts of these nutrients was maintained until the end of the incubation period, suggesting that the mineralization of the three crop residues enhanced soil fertility. In amended soil samples, disappeared within 14 days, while available N was released as after 60 days in soybean-treated and after 120 days in rape- and sunflower-treated soil, respectively. Water-soluble P was completely lacking in each treatment because of microbial immobilization and adsorption or precipitation processes in soil.

Predicting Cyanobacteria dominance in lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1905-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Downing ◽  
Susan B Watson ◽  
Edward McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total N ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Toxic Blooms ◽  
Total P ◽  
Controversial Concept

A controversial precept of aquatic ecology asserts that low ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) lead to noxious and sometimes toxic blooms of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria dominance is a major risk to human and ecosystem health. The stoichiometric control of Cyanobacteria therefore has become central to freshwater resource management. This controversial concept is based on observed Cyanobacteria dominance in lakes with low N:P and the results of lab and field experiments. Here we analyze data from 99 of the temperate zone's most studied lakes and show that this model is flawed. We show that the risk of water quality degradation by Cyanobacteria blooms is more strongly correlated with variation in total P, total N, or standing algae biomass than the ratio of N:P. Risks associated with Cyanobacteria are therefore less associated with N:P ratios than a simple increase in nutrient concentrations and algal biomass.

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