Logging-residue extraction does not reduce the diversity of litter-layer saprotrophic fungi in three Swedish coniferous stands after 25 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Allmér ◽  
Jan Stenlid ◽  
Anders Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Logging Residue

Logging residues, consisting of branches and treetops, are increasingly being extracted for biofuel purposes in Fennoscandia, thereby decreasing the availability of fine woody debris (FWD). Little is known about the importance of FWD and litter to fungal diversity, although they constitute the major components of dead organic matter in both managed and natural forests. We investigated the long-term effects of removing logging residue on the saprotrophic fungi community in the litter layer by using an experiment established 25 years ago, comprising stands with and without removal of clear-cut slash. The fungal communities were identified using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism from standardized baits of wood and needles left in the litter layer for 30 months. A total of 74 fungal taxa were recorded. No differences in species richness or frequency of abundant species were detected between the stands with and without slash removal, suggesting that the extraction of logging residues has a negligible long-term impact on abundant saprotrophic fungi. Twenty-five of the 36 abundant species colonized wood and needles indiscriminately, while 10 species occurred exclusively on wood or needles and only one species mainly on wood. The importance of litter to certain wood-inhabiting fungi may therefore be underrated. The frequent records of Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden indicate that wood-inhabiting species may, surprisingly, be found in the litter layer.

Long-Term Effects of Large Woody Debris Addition on Stream Habitat and Brook Trout Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Sweka ◽  
Kyle J. Hartman ◽  
Jonathan M. Niles
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Central Appalachians

Abstract In this study, we resurveyed stream habitat and sampled brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations 6 y after large woody debris additions to determine long-term changes in habitat and brook trout populations. In a previous study, we added large woody debris to eight streams in the central Appalachians of West Virginia to determine whether stream habitat could be enhanced and brook trout populations increased following habitat manipulation. The large woody debris additions had no overall effect on stream habitat and brook trout populations by 6 y after the additions. The assumption that a lack of large woody debris is limiting stream habitat and brook trout populations was not supported by our results. In high-gradient streams, habitat complexity may be governed more by the abundance of boulders and large woody debris may have a lesser influence on trout populations.

Land-use history exerts long-term effects on the clear-cut flora in boreonemoral Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Jonason ◽  
Karl-Olof Bergman ◽  
Lars Westerberg ◽  
Per Milberg
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clear Cut

Response of N2O emissions to logging residue piles of Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Törmänen ◽  
Antti-Jussi Lindroos ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Aino Smolander
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Logging Residue

<p>Utilization of forest bioenergy is increasing; however, the overall environmental impacts of forest bioenergy utilization are not fully understood. Especially effects on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in mineral soils are less studied. With current harvesting practices, either whole-tree-harvest or stem-only-harvest, piles of logging residues are left on the forest floor. As a result, soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes can be accelerated on clear cut area under the piles, especially net nitrification. When N is transformed to more mobile form, the risk for N losses via nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions from the forest floor may increase.</p><p>We studied how logging residue piles of three tree species, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), influence gaseous losses of N after clear-cut. A Norway spruce dominated mixed stand on a mineral soil site was clear-cut and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were monitored. There were four treatments; three tree species treatments consisting of 40 kg m<sup>-2</sup> of fresh logging residues and control plot without residues as an additional treatment. Effects of logging residue piles on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were monitored over 4 growing season with closed chamber technic. Simultaneously soil temperatures were recorded over 2 growing season. Soil denitrification activity and the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O production were determined in laboratory experiments.</p><p>Logging residue piles lowered and balanced fluctuation of soil temperatures. N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes peaked under the piles during the second and third growing season after the establishment of the piles; however inconsistent fluxes tended to be low. The production of N<sub>2</sub>O was driven by both nitrification and denitrification processes, the proportion depending on the tree species. Our results indicate that logging residue piles accelerate N losses as gaseous form; however studies on the same field experiment shows that most of the N losses occur through soil percolation waters. Spruce residues tend to stimulate N<sub>2</sub>O emissions longer compared to other tree species. There was a positive correlation with net nitrification and microbial biomass C (Törmänen et al. 2018, FORECO). These results have implications for sustainable and productive forest management practices and nutrition of re-growing vegetation.</p>

Long-Term Effects of Logging Residue Addition and Removal on Macroarthropods and Enchytraeids

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bengtsson ◽  
Tryggve Persson ◽  
Helene Lundkvist
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Logging Residue

The relationship between forest management and amphibian ecology: a review of the North American literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 230-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip G. deMaynadier ◽  
Malcolm L. Hunter Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Logging Roads

Questions about the compatibility of forest harvesting practices and conservation of biological diversity are largely driven by concerns that habitat quality for many species may be degraded in intensively managed forest landscapes. We review the literature on relationships between common forest harvesting practices and the distribution and abundance of amphibians, a group that has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their potential ecological importance in forest ecosystems and because of reports of widespread population declines. Clear-cut harvesting generally has negative short-term impacts on local amphibian populations, especially salamanders. An analysis of the results of 18 studies that examined the effects of clear-cutting on amphibians yielded a 3.5-fold median difference in abundance of amphibians on controls over clear-cuts. However, research on the influence of forest age suggests that the long-term effects of forest harvesting on amphibians are variable, and for many species these effects can be mitigated if regeneration practices leave adequate microhabitat structure intact. In contrast, long-term effects can be significant in forest plantations, which are often associated with intensive site preparations and stand management practices that modify levels of coarse woody debris and other microhabitats. Other forest practices reviewed for their effect on amphibians include prescribed fire, logging roads, and streamside harvesting. We discuss problems commonly encountered in the experimental design and measurement of forest amphibian populations, including a notable lack of pretreatment data, and outline several aspects of amphibian–forestry relationships in need of further research. Management recommendations relevant to conserving upland and riparian zone amphibian habitat during forest harvesting are offered.Key words: amphibians, clear-cutting, coarse woody debris, forest management, logging roads, plantations, prescribed fire, riparian, succession.

scholarly journals Succession Effects on Mammal and Inverterbrate Communities 26 Years After the 1988 huckleberry Mountain Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Hayley Lanier ◽  
Andy Kulikowski ◽  
R. Seville ◽  
Zachary Roehrs ◽  
Meredith Roehrs
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Long Term Study

Fires are an important and increasingly common driver of habitat structure in the intermountain West. Through an ongoing study of burned and adjacent unburned areas along the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway, we examine the long-term effects of the 1988 fire season on community assembly, succession, and ecological processes. We collected mark/recapture data on rodents, removal data for insectivorous mammals and invertebrates, and habitat measurements on four grids in 2014 and combined these results with previous survey data. In 2014, 4,800 trap nights yielded 13 species of small mammals, comprising 618 individuals. Macroarthropod abundance was higher on burned grids, but diversity was higher on unburned grids. In contrast, springtail (Collembola) diversity was higher on burned grids, but abundance was highest in unburned grids. Since the beginning of this long-term study, the total number of mammal species has increased across all sites, and relative abundance in burned areas has shifted from early successional species (Peromyscus maniculatus) to those more associated with old growth forests (such as Myodes gapperi). Other than in 1991, the burned grids have harbored more diverse small mammal communities than the unburned control grids. Significant, long-term differences in vegetation based upon burn history were observed, including different ground cover, less canopy cover, and more coarse woody debris in burned sites. This work provides a unique long-term picture of the interrelationships of small mammal and invertebrate communities and correlated habitat variables as these ecosystems undergo post-fire succession.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris dynamics and marten habitat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ingrid Farnell
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Harvesting Intensity ◽  
The Impact

At a long-term experimental trial in northern British Columbia, Canada, I analysed the impact of varying amounts of timber retention: 0% (clearcut), 40%, 70%, 100% (unharvested) on CWD volume, decay class, and inputs from windthrow over 27 years. I used attributes (diameter, length, decay class, and height above the ground) known to be favourable to marten to create an index for assessing the impact of harvesting intensity on CWD habitat features. I then used airborne laser scanning (ALS) to predict CWD volume, habitat value, and piece attributes over the landscape. Stands with 70% retention had CWD attributes that resulted in CWD habitat features similar to unharvested stands. Clearcuts contained pieces that were smaller, more decayed, and closer to the ground, which contributed less valuable habitat, compared to stands with higher retention. Windthrown trees were the majority of CWD inputs and volume change was positively related to percent retention.

Modelled impact of Norway spruce logging residue extraction on biodiversity in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Göran Thor ◽  
Johan Allmér ◽  
Mats Jonsell ◽  
Mattias Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Logging Residue ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Primary Substrate

Logging residues are increasingly being extracted for bioenergy purposes. This study estimates how extraction of fine woody debris (FWD) may affect the overall habitat availability for 577 species of wood- and bark-inhabiting basidiomycetes, beetles, and lichens in Sweden using Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) as their primary substrate. We combined modeling of (i) the amount of various types of woody debris available throughout a forest rotation in managed forests with (ii) a classification of each species’ associations with different types of wood. In three different regions, we compared a scenario with no logging residue extraction with three different levels of extraction. Our results suggest that the extraction may cause a 35%–45% reduction in aboveground FWD and a more than 20% decline in the potential amount of substrate for about 50% of the species (affecting basidiomycetes and beetles more than lichens). The intensified forestry during the last century has, however, steadily increased the production of FWD. Furthermore, no red-listed species is primarily associated with logging residues of Norway spruce. Therefore, the current situation in Sweden with extraction of 70% of Norway spruce FWD on 50% of the clearcuts probably constitutes a minor contribution to the regional extinction risks.

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