Relationships between acoustic variables and different measures of stiffness in standing Pinus taeda trees

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Mora ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Jerry M. Mahon ◽  
Alexander Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Acoustic Velocities ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Good Agreement

Acoustic tools are increasingly used to estimate standing-tree (dynamic) stiffness; however, such techniques overestimate static stiffness, the standard measurement for determining modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood. This study aimed to identify correction methods for standing-tree estimates making dynamic and static stiffness comparable. Sixty Pinus taeda L. trees, ranging from 14 to 19 years old, obtained from genetic tests established in the southeastern United States, were analyzed. Standing-tree acoustic velocities were measured using the TreeSonic tool. Acoustic velocities were also recorded in butt logs cut from the same trees using the Director HM200. A strong but biased relationship between tree and log velocities was observed, with tree velocities 32% higher (on average) than the corresponding log velocities. Two correction methods, one for calibrating tree velocities and one for accounting for differences in wood moisture content, were used to determine an adjusted MOE. After correction, adjusted MOE estimates were in good agreement with static longitudinal MOE values measured on clearwood specimens obtained from the trees, and no systematic bias was observed. The results of this study show that acoustic estimates of MOE on standing trees largely depend on how the data are processed and the reference method used.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Sampling Methods for a Standing Tree Acoustic Device

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Mahon ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Alexander Clark ◽  
Richard F. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Opposite Face ◽  
Acoustic Device ◽  
Acoustic Velocities

Abstract One method of evaluating potential product performance is the use of acoustic tools for identifying trees with high stiffness. Acoustic velocities for 100 standing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) trees, obtained with the transmitting and receiving probes placed on the same face and opposite faces, were compared. Significant differences in velocity between the two methods were found, with velocity determined using the opposite-face method generally dependent on stem diameter, or the amount of wood through which the stress wave must pass. The only opposite-face method in which the velocities did not vary with dbh was for an assumed flight path where the stress wave traveled from the transmitting probe around the circumference of the stem in the outerwood and then down longitudinally to the receiving probe. Variation in velocities from hit-to-hit was 62% less using the opposite-face method compared with the same-face method. It is recommended to use the circumferential opposite-face (Vel_OC) calculation when determining stress wave velocity for a standing tree.

scholarly journals A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M Sewell ◽  
Bradley K Sherman ◽  
David B Neale
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals Comparative Dynamics of Above-Ground Litter Production and Decomposition from Eucalyptus Grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus Taeda L., and Their Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Andrés Baietto ◽  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The replacement of native pasture by exotic commercial forest species is an infrequent situation worldwide. In these systems, a new component is introduced, forest litter, which constitutes one of the main ways of incorporating carbon into the soil–plant system. The present work seeks to establish a methodological approach to study the dynamics of litter production and decomposition in an integrated way. The general objective was to characterize and compare the litter production dynamics in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. commercial plantations. During two years, seasonal evaluations of fall, decomposition and accumulation of litter were carried out in stands of both species. In turn, the contribution of carbon from forest species to the soil through isotopic analysis techniques was quantified. Litterfall in E. grandis showed maximums during the spring of the first year and in the spring and summer of the second. In P. taeda, the maximums occurred in summer of the first year and in autumn of the second. In relation to the decomposition rate, the results based on short periods of evaluation between 15 and 21 months did not show differences between species, nor for the different moments of beginning of the evaluation, obtaining average values of 0.0369 month−1 for E. grandis and 0.0357 month−1 for P. taeda. In turn, both the decomposition rate of the material as a whole and the estimates of accumulated biomass in equilibrium state did not show significant differences between the species. Additionally, there was a relevant incorporation of carbon into the soil by forest species, fundamentally in the first few centimeters, substituting an important proportion of the carbon inherited by the original cover of native pastures. Finally, it is necessary to specify that the scope of the findings obtained is greatly limited by the sample size used in this study.

scholarly journals Edaphic and Topographic Factors and their Relationship with Dendrometric Variation of Pinus Taeda L. in a High Altitude Subtropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciara Zborowski Horst ◽  
Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin ◽  
Alexandre ten Caten ◽  
Jean Michel Moura-Bueno ◽  
Luciano Campos Cancian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Topographic Factors ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Comparison of container-grown Pinus taeda L. seedlings raised outdoors and in a growth chamber in sunlight

New Forests ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
William A. Retzlaff ◽  
Ansel E. Miller ◽  
Robert M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

scholarly journals Genotypic Stability Effects on Predicted Family Responses to Silvicultural Treatments in Loblolly Pine

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. McKeand ◽  
Robert P. Crook ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Genotypic Stability ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The lack of rank change in growth characteristics when open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) are planted on different sites in the Southeast has greatly simplified breeding for superior genotypes. Although family rank does not usually change, genotype by environment interactions (GxE) may be very important in operational deployment of families in regeneration programs. Using data from GxE trials and two site preparation-fertilization-herbicide trials, we estimated the growth that different families should achieve following application of these silvicultural practices. Better performing families tend to be most responsive to site changes (i.e. genetically unstable). Growth responses to silvicultural treatment will be overestimated if only the most responsive families are used in silvicultural research trials. Similarly, genetic gains will be overestimated if gain trials are planted on only the best sites or receive intensive culture. South. J. Appl. For. 21(2):84-89.

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