Influence of tree species on epiphytic macrolichens in temperate mixed forests of northern Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Nascimbene ◽  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
Pier Luigi Nimis
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Temperate Mixed Forests

Tree species is a key factor in shaping epiphytic lichen communities. In managed forests, tree species composition is mainly controlled by forest management, with important consequences on lichen diversity. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the differences at tree level in macrolichen richness and composition between Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. in a temperate mixed forest in northern Italy, in addition to evaluating two different proportions of the two species at the stand level. Abies alba and F. sylvatica host lichen communities including several rare and sensitive species. Our findings indicate that both tree species were important for lichen diversity, since they hosted different communities. However, F. sylvatica proved to be a more favourable hosting tree for several rare and sensitive species. Species associated with A. alba were mainly acidophytic lichens, while those associated with F. sylvatica were foliose hygrophytic lichens, mainly establishing over bryophytes. The frequency of the flagship species Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. was a valuable predictor of cyanolichen richness and was useful in identifying sites hosting lichen communities that are potentially more sensitive to thinning and human disturbance. The results support the relevance of mixed A. alba – F. sylvatica formations among European habitats worthy of conservation.

scholarly journals Tree Species Classification in a Temperate Mixed Mountain Forest Landscape Using Random Forest and Multiple Datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4657
Author(s):  
Rafael Hologa ◽  
Konstantin Scheffczyk ◽  
Christoph Dreiser ◽  
Stefanie Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Tree Species Composition

For monitoring protected forest landscapes over time it is essential to follow changes in tree species composition and forest dynamics. Data driven remote sensing methods provide valuable options if terrestrial approaches for forest inventories and monitoring activities cannot be applied efficiently due to restrictions or the size of the study area. We demonstrate how species can be detected at a single tree level utilizing a Random Forest (RF) model using the Black Forest National Park as an example of a Central European forest landscape with complex relief. The classes were European silver fir (Abies alba, AA), Norway spruce (Picea abies, PA), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, PS), European larch (Larix decidua including Larix kampferii, LD), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, PM), deciduous broadleaved species (DB) and standing dead trees (snags, WD). Based on a multi-temporal (leaf-on and leaf-off phenophase) and multi-spectral mosaic (R-G-B-NIR) with 10 cm spatial resolution, digital elevation models (DTM, DSM, CHM) with 40 cm spatial resolution and a LiDAR dataset with 25 pulses per m2, 126 variables were derived and used to train the RF algorithm with 1130 individual trees. The main objective was to determine a subset of meaningful variables for the RF model classification on four heterogeneous test sites. Using feature selection techniques, mainly passive optical variables from the leaf-off phenophase were considered due to their ability to differentiate between conifers and the two broader classes. An examination of the two phenological phases (using the difference of the respective NDVIs) is important to clearly distinguish deciduous trees from other classes including snags (WD). We also found that the variables of the first derivation of NIR and the tree metrics play a crucial role in discriminating PA und PS. With this unique set of variables some classes can be differentiated more reliably, especially LD and DB but also AA, PA and WD, whereas difficulties exist in identifying PM and PS. Overall, the non-parametric object-based approach has proved to be highly suitable for accurately detecting (OA: 89.5%) of the analyzed classes. Finally, the successful classification of complex 265 km2 study area substantiates our findings.

Carbon exchange in a hemiboreal mixed forest in relation to tree species composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Krasnova ◽  
Mai Kukumägi ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Raili Torga ◽  
Dmitrii Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Tree Species Composition

scholarly journals Structural characteristics of the mixed spruce - fir - beech forests on Mountain Bjelasica in Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1699-1708
Author(s):  
Milic CUROVIC ◽  
Aleksandar STIJOVIC ◽  
Velibor SPALEVIC ◽  
Branislav DUDIC ◽  
Milos PAJIC
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Growing Stock

Biogradska Gora National Park in Montenegro is part of the Bjelasica Mountain which belongs to the montane region of the Dinaric Alps. Biogradska Gora is one of the largest long-term preserved forests in the Southeast Europe. In this paper there were compared the main structural characteristics of the old-growth mixed forest of spruce (Picea abies L.), fir (Abies alba L.) and beech (Fagus moesiaca (Domin, Maly) Czecz.), from the preserved area of the Biogradska Gora, with similar managed forests from the same mountain. Basic insight into the structural characteristics of forests of spruce, fir and beech was obtained by analyzing tree species composition and two basic structural elements - number of trees and wood volume per unit area. The obtained data provides overview of the structural characteristics of these forests. The results revealed the production potential of the studied mixed forests. The average quantity of standing volume in old-growth forests of Biogradska Gora indicates very valuable and productive forest ecosystems. Presented data shows that forest ecosystems of spruce, fir and beech in the protected area of the National Park Biogradska Gora are characterized by structurally irregular forests with presence of old trees with relevant growing stock and optimal balance of beech and conifer species, while in managed forests on the same mountain, growing stock is very low and with structure which is far from optimal.

scholarly journals The value of alien roadside trees for epiphytic lichen species along an urban pollution gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Möller ◽  
Jens Oldeland ◽  
Matthias Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Species Pairs

Abstract Alien tree species have been introduced to Europe and often used as roadside trees. Currently, preference is given to species that are adapted to urban climate and drier conditions. Native epiphytic lichens are adapted to local tree species; however, little is known whether a shift toward more alien roadside trees would affect the diversity of epiphytic lichens within cities. We considered three genera of roadside trees that are common in Hamburg (Germany) Acer, Tilia, and Quercus, each with a native and an alien species per genus. Species numbers, frequency and diversity of epiphytic lichens were assessed and compared. Tree locations were grouped according to three classes of increasing traffic volume as a proxy for air pollution. Mean bark pH values have been recorded for each tree individual. The species pairs Quercus robur/rubra and Acer platanoides/saccharinum showed significant differences in the diversity and abundance of lichens, with the alien species showing lower values. The species pair Tilia cordata/tomentosa did not show any significant differences. The number of nitrogen-tolerant lichen species differed little among all tree species. Lichen species richness decreased with increasing traffic volume for all tree species pairs, thus demonstrating the inhibiting effect of traffic on the occurrence of lichens. Bark pH differed little between the species pairs yet high traffic volume resulted in an increased bark pH. In conclusion, two out of three alien species had negative effects on lichen diversity. Further tree species should be assessed to better estimate the effect of alien roadside trees on lichen diversity.

Stand structure and species co-occurrence in mixed and monodominant Central African tropical forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Noël K. Djuikouo ◽  
Kelvin S.-H. Peh ◽  
Charlemagne K. Nguembou ◽  
Jean-Louis Doucet ◽  
Simon L. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract:We compare forests dominated by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei at the Dja Biosphere Reserve (Cameroon) with adjacent high-diversity mixed forests in terms of tree-species composition and stand structure, in order to understand the co-occurrence of mixed forest tree species in the monodominant forest. A total of 18 1-ha permanent plots were established in the two forest types. In each plot, all trees with dbh ≥10 cm were identified as were those <10 cm dbh within a subsample of 300 m2. Species richness was significantly different between the two forest types. Mixed forest had an average of 109 species ha−1 for trees ≥10 cm dbh and 137 species for trees <10 cm dbh. By contrast, G. dewevrei-dominated forest had an average of 47 species ha−1 (≥10 cm dbh) and 92 species (<10 cm dbh). There was no significant difference in terms of stem density of the trees with dbh <10 cm between the two forests (mixed: 3.7 stems m−2; monodominant: 3.1 stems m−2). As G. dewevrei is a shade-tolerant species that can regenerate under its own shade, its higher stem density and basal area can reduce species richness of an area.

scholarly journals Effect of gap size on tree species diversity of natural regeneration – case study from Masaryk Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorny ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
Michal Friedl ◽  
Nina Hiitola
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Significant Difference

Forest gaps remain the optimal forest management practice in modern forestry. Upon all the physical properties of forest gaps, the ‘gap size’ feature stands out as an essential property. The effect of gap size on tree species composition and diversity of natural regeneration in forest gaps of different sizes was investigated. Eight research forest gaps were selected from the Training Forest School Enterprise, also called Masaryk Forest in Křtiny, a temperate mixed forest in the Czech Republic. By given gap sizes, small (&lt; 700 m<sup>2</sup>) and large gaps (≥ 700 m<sup>2</sup>) were defined. Forty-one (41) regeneration microsites (RSs) of 1 m<sup>2</sup> circular area at 2 m intervals were demarcated within each forest gap. These RSs served as data collection points. From the total of eleven (11) species enumerated, large gaps obtained higher species composition (10) and diversity (Simpson = 0.5 1-D; Shannon = 1.0 H and Pielou’s evenness = 0.5 J indices) records, yet, small gaps presented favourable conditions for prolific natural regeneration significantly. Light-adapted species demonstrated no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) between small and large gaps, however, intermediate and shade-tolerant species were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in small gaps. There were progressive declines in height growth of natural regeneration from 0–20 cm to 21–50 cm and 51+ cm in small and large gaps at R<sup>2 </sup>= 99% and 88%, respectively. <br /> The development of herbaceous vegetation in small and large gaps had positive and negative effects on the natural regeneration of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba species, respectively.

scholarly journals Temporal Changes in Tree Species Composition in Karsog Area of Northwest Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

ABSTRACT The forests of Karsog Forest Division in Himachal Pradesh were temporally analyzed for change in tree species composition. These are based on the species composition in different communities and variations along the different altitudinal gradients. The enumeration records were procured from the forest department. Total 143 forest compartments were analyzed to study the change in tree species in thirteen delineated communities, out of which six were pure forest communities and seven were mixed forest communities. The change in density (Ind/ ha) in tree species was calculated between two enumeration years, that is 1986and 2013. Results showed that out of thirteen communities, only three pure communities viz., Pinus roxburghii, Abies pindrow and Quercus leucotrichophora showed increased density while other pure communities showed decreased density in two enumeration years. Altitudinal based study revealed that the lowest altitudinal gradient (1000-2000 m) showed increase in tree density while in 2000-3000 m zone a gradual fall in tree density was observed temporally.

scholarly journals Characteristics of 3rd (Querci-fageta s. lat.) and 4th (Fageta (abietis) s. lat.) vegetation tiers of north-eastern Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Holuša ◽  
J. Holuša ◽  
Sr
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Tree Representation ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
North Eastern

Detailed characteristics (tree species composition, tree representation, identification features) are presented by 3<sup>rd</sup> (i.e. geobiocenoses of <I>Querci-fageta</I> s. lat.) and 4<sup>th</sup> (<I>Fageta (abietis</I>) s. lat.) vegetation tiers in north-eastern Moravia and Silesia. 3<sup>rd</sup> VT occupies 45.6% of the study area – from 190 m a.s.l. up to 430 m a.s.l. <I>Fagus sylvatica</I> is a dominant tree (with the height of 35–40 m). <I>Quercus robur</I> and <I>Quercus petraea</I> have their ecological optimums there with the representation of up to 30%. <I>Abies alba</I> occurs in the crown level with the representation of up to 10%. 4<sup>th</sup> occupies 35.2% of the study area – from 310 m a.s.l. up to 650 m a.s.l. <I>Fagus sylvatica</I> is dominant (the height over 50 m). <I>Abies alba</I> occurs in the co-dominant level (sporadically in the level exceeding the main level) with the representation of ±20% and the height of up to 50 m. <I>Quercus petraea</I> and <I>Quercus robur</I> occur only as an interspersed species with the representation of up to 10%, they do not reach the co-dominant tree level any more. <I>Carpinus betulus</I> is represented regularly only in the overtopped tree level.

Tree Species Composition Predicts Epiphytic Lichen Communities in an African Montane Rain Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Frisch ◽  
Jörgen Rudolphi ◽  
Douglas Sheil ◽  
Alexandro Caruso ◽  
Göran Thor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Montane Rain Forest

Diversity of epiphytic lichens in boreo-nemoral forests on the North-Estonian limestone escarpment: the effect of tree level factors and local environmental conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga JÜRIADO ◽  
Jaan LIIRA ◽  
Jaanus PAAL
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Talus Slope ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractThe species richness and composition of lichens was quantified for four temperate broad-leaved tree species (Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordataandUlmus glabra) in boreo-nemoral forests on the talus slope of the North-Estonian limestone escarpment (North-Estonian Klint). Thirteen study sites were distributed along the klint on a west to east gradient. The effects of tree and stand characteristics and geographical location of a stand on composition and diversity of epiphytic lichens were evaluated by multivariate analyses (DCA, CCA, pCCA) and by general linear mixed models (GLMM). Tree level variables (e.g. bark pH, bryophytes cover and host tree species) explained the largest fraction of the variation in lichen species composition. However, species richness and composition were significantly influenced also by the unique habitat conditions of klint forest (length of the forest fragment, proximity of the stand to the sea and height of the escarpment). A significant correlation between stand locality and lichen diversity on the tree bole was found which is most likely related to local air pollution gradients caused by alkaline cement dust and acid pollutants in the north-eastern part of Estonia.

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