Differences in wood decay by Heterobasidion parviporum in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
A. Pappinen ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Wood

In forest breeding, growth has been used as the main selection trait in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), whereas wood properties or resistance to pathogens have been taken as secondary traits. We aimed to investigate, in laboratory conditions, the rate of wood decay caused by Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen (strains 5 and 7) in 20 Norway spruce clones. We also studied if, on average, growth, wood density, and fibre properties differed in the most and least decayed clones as well as from pith to bark. After 6 months of incubation, strain 7 effected significantly higher wood decay than strain 5 (mean 16.9% and 1.7%, respectively). The difference between the five most decayed and five least decayed clones by strain 7 was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, regardless of clone or strain, the wood decay was highest near the pith and lowest near the bark, which is the opposite for wood density and fibre length and width. However, neither wood density nor fibre properties explained, statistically, the differences in average wood decay and decay from pith to bark. On the other hand, we could identify clones that simultaneously provided high wood quantity and relatively high wood density and low decay rate.

Susceptibility of pretreated wood sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones to enzymatic hydrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohama Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
Helena Puhakka-Tarvainen ◽  
Ossi Pastinen ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
The Relationship

The structure of softwoods, which confers resistance to degradation through hydrolysis and decay, currently limits their use for the production of biofuels. However, since wood is very heterogeneous, it is possible that differences in wood properties within and between trees could differentially affect its processability. In this research, heartwood (inner) and sapwood (outer) from Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones were enzymatically hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulases after concentrated acid pretreatment. Wood sections with two particle sizes were compared based on their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, evaluated by assaying the formation of hydrolysis products and measured as reducing sugar yield (RSY). We also studied the relationship between RSY and the susceptibility to Heterobasidion parviporum wood decay and whether these traits are reflected in wood density and yield. Wood from the outer section produced more RSY with higher glucan but lower lignin content than wood from the inner section. Furthermore, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis was positively correlated with H. parviporum wood decay, while both processes were negatively correlated with wood density. Our results revealed the importance of clonal trials for identifying suitable lignocellulosic biomass when considering wood properties and indicate that potential genotypes for the production of biofuels are not necessarily the most productive.

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen ◽  
R. Jaatinen ◽  
A. Pappinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Width ◽  
Selection For

In forest breeding programmes, growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), whereas less attention has been given to the wood and fibre characteristics. In the above context, we investigated phenotypic relationships between different fibre properties and growth and wood density traits in 20 cloned Norway spruce based on a clonal trial established in the 1970s in southeastern Finland. We found that fibre width showed, on average (2.9%), the lowest phenotypic variation followed by fibre wall thickness (3.4%), coarseness (5.5%), and fibre length (8.1%). All of the phenotypic correlations between the fibre properties were also positive (p < 0.05), ranging from moderate to strong, suggesting that selection for one trait could simultaneously affect the other traits. The phenotypic correlations, on average, were quite weak but positive between growth and fibre properties and slightly negative or weak positive between wood density and different fibre properties (p < 0.05). Individually, some of the clones showed negative correlation between growth traits and fibre length. As a result, selection for fibre properties alone could also reduce overall stem volume (or stem mass) and would not directly indicate wood density traits and vice versa.

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markussen ◽  
A. Tusch ◽  
B. R. Stephan ◽  
M. Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.

Wood-density variation of Norway spruce in relation to nutrient optimization and fibre dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää ◽  
Sune Linder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Absolute

The effect of fertilization on wood density, fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, proportion of cell wall area, and cell wall thickness of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were studied in a nutrient optimization experiment in northern Sweden. On the fertilized plots, all essential macronutrients and micronutrients were supplied in irrigation water every second day during the growing season. After 12 years' treatment, data were collected from 24 trees (40 years old) on the fertilized and control plots. Fertilization increased radial growth more than threefold, especially earlywood width, and decreased wood density by over 20% at 1.3 and 4 m height. The decrease in wood density was closely related to the proportion of latewood. The absolute wood density also decreased across the whole annual ring but proportionately more in latewood than in earlywood. A close relationship was found between the wood density and fibre properties, especially with the proportion of cell wall in a cross section of each annual ring, as well as with fibre and lumen width. The absolute cell wall thickness was clearly less related to wood density. However, rather large variations were found between individual trees in the relationship between wood density and fibre properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Diameter, Genetics, and Wood Properties on Stem Cracking in Norway Spruce

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Juris Katrevičs ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Tiit Maaten ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Potential Risks

The choice of seed material (genetics) is one of the tools that can improve adaptation to the changing climate. Insufficient adaptation can result in a number of potential risks, including stem cracking. The goal of this study is to assess the influence of genetics and wood properties on stem cracking in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). The study was conducted on a 35-year-old provenance trial in Eastern Latvia. Stem cracks were assessed using a six-score scale. Tree-ring parameters, i.e., latewood proportion, maximum and mean density, mean earlywood, and latewood density were analysed. The overall incidence of stem cracking was 23.5%, varying between 0% and 79% at a family mean level. Heritability of stem cracking was low, ca., two times lower than for the diameter at breast height (DBH): h2 = 0.09 and 0.21, respectively. There were non-significant family and provenance effects on the occurrence of stem cracks, and weak family mean correlations between DBH, and the proportion of trees with any stem cracks or severe stem cracks. Overall, larger trees were more prone to cracking irrespective of provenance or family. Cracked trees had lower wood density parameters than unaffected trees, yet the latewood proportion was similar. Silvicultural treatments or selection to improve wood density could be suggested to reduce the risk of stem cracking.

Fibre properties of Norway spruce of different growth rates grown under birch shelterwoods of two densities

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bergqvist ◽  
Urban Bergsten ◽  
Bo Ahlqvist
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Difference

The effects of birch shelterwood density (0, 300, and 600 trees/ha) and growth rate on fibre and pulp properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) understorey (growing at 1500 trees/ha) were evaluated for a trial in the boreal coniferous forest, 58 years after establishment of the stand and 21 years after establishment of the trial. Microdensitometry was used to record variations in wood density, whereas fibre properties and kraft pulp strength properties were measured on laboratory-made batches of unbleached kraft pulp. The main conclusion of the investigation is that a birch shelterwood has only a minor influence on the wood and fibre properties of sheltered Norway spruce and that the resulting consequences for kraft pulping are moderate. Length-weighted mean fibre length was significantly affected only by growth rate. It was 1.75 mm, or 6-13% lower, for trees showing a low growth rate than for all other trees. Tensile index was already high before refining, 85-95 Nm g-1, and the increase due to beating was similar for all shelterwood densities and growth rate classes. At 2000 beating revolutions, there was a strong negative correlation between tear index and the proportion of fibres shorter than 0.20 mm. The volume of wood required to produce 1 t of kraft pulp was almost identical, 5.4 ± 0.1 m3 t-1, for sheltered and unsheltered spruce. Norway spruce growing without shelter produced more pulp per hectare in all fibre length classes, but the difference was greatest, 56-59% compared with sheltered spruce, for the longest fibres (i.e., longer than 3 mm).

Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

scholarly journals Variability in density of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood with the presence of reaction wood

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
P. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Sample Tree

The study was aimed to assess the integral value that determines wood properties &minus; wood density at a moisture content of 0% and 12%. The wood density was researched in a sample tree with the presence of reaction compression wood. The density was determined for individual zones (CW, OW, SWL and SWR). The zone where compression wood (CW) is present has a higher density than the remaining zones. On the basis of the acquired data, 3D models were created for individual zones; they describe the variability of wood density along the stem radius and stem height. The influence of the radius seems to be a statistically highly significant factor. The wood density is significantly higher in samples with the presence of compression wood. When the proportion of compression wood in the sample was 80%, the wood density was 1.5 times higher compared to wood without compression wood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document