Effects of fire intensity on survival and recovery of soil microarthropods after a clearcut burning

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Malmström ◽  
Tryggve Persson ◽  
Kerstin Ahlström
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Burnt Soil ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Experimental Plots

We studied responses of soil microarthropods to different burning intensities at a clearcut that was burnt in May 2002. Fire intensity was manipulated by adding or removing logging residues as fuel from the experimental plots. Samples were taken 1 week before and 1 week after burning as well as during autumn of the same year. Samples were taken in the 2 following years to estimate long-term recovery. No difference in humus combustion could be detected between burning intensities, but most microarthropod species showed lower abundances in the hard-burnt than in the light-burnt plots immediately after fire. Surface-living species also declined in light-burnt plots, whereas soil-living species were particularly affected in hard-burnt plots. This is probably explained by greater heat transfer into the hard-burnt soil. Total abundances of Oribatida and Protura remained low for several years in the burnt plots, whereas abundances of Collembola and Mesostigmata recovered within 1 year, which indicates that at least these groups had enough habitat space and food resources after fire. The study indicates that fire severity (depth of burn) is more decisive than fire intensity (heat release) for the long-term recovery of soil fauna, whereas fire intensity determines the acute survival of animals.

Effect of whole-tree and conventional forest harvest on soil microarthropods

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1986-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bird ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Harvest Plot ◽  
Whole Tree

The effect of whole-tree and conventional harvest on soil microarthropods, Collembola and Acari, was investigated in a mixed conifer–hardwood forest on the Canadian Shield. Harvesting had a major effect on their populations which declined to 56 and 68% of those on the uncut plot for the whole-tree and conventional harvest plots, respectively. Species composition was unaffected by harvesting although there were shifts in dominance. Total numbers of microarthropods and numbers of Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Mesostigmata found on the uncut plot were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than on harvested plots. Slightly higher (P > 0.05) numbers of Collembola were recorded from the conventional harvest plot than the uncut plot. Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Collembola were more abundant (P < 0.01) on the conventional harvest plot than the whole-tree harvest plot. Of the two forest harvesting methods, conventional harvest had a lesser impact on soil microarthropods. Because the forest soil fauna is intimately involved in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation, our findings suggest that long-term site productivity will be greater following conventional harvest than whole-tree harvest.

scholarly journals Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Effects on Forest Floor Properties and Erosion Potential in the Central Appalachian Region, USA

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Emma Georgia Thompson ◽  
Thomas Adam Coates ◽  
Wallace Michael Aust ◽  
Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Litter Depth ◽  
Burned Forest

Short- and long-term impacts of wildland fires on forest floor properties and erosion potential were examined at three locations in the Central Appalachian region, U.S.A. In 2018, two wildfires were investigated within six months of burning on the George Washington–Jefferson National Forest (GWJNF) in Bland County, Virginia and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in Grant County, West Virginia. An additional wildfire was studied eight years post-fire on the Fishburn Forest (FF) in Montgomery County, Virginia. A 2018 prescribed fire was also studied within six months of burning on the MNF in Pendleton County, West Virginia. Litter and duff consumption were examined to evaluate fire severity and char heights were measured to better understand fire intensity. The Universal Soil Loss Equation for forestlands (USLE-Forest) was utilized to estimate potential erosion values. For the 2018 comparisons, litter depth was least as a result of the wildfires on both the MNF and GWJNF (p < 0.001). Wildfire burned duff depths in 2018 did not differ from unburned duff depths on either the MNF or GWJNF. Eight years after the FF wildfire, post-fire litter depth was less than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (p = 0.29) and duff depth was greater than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (p = 0.76). Mean GWJNF wildfire char heights were greatest of all disturbance regimes at 10.0 m, indicating high fire intensity, followed by the MNF wildfire and then the MNF prescribed fire. USLE-Forest potential erosion estimates were greatest on the MNF wildfire at 21.6 Mg soil ha−1 year−1 due to slope steepness. The next largest USLE-Forest value was 6.9 Mg soil ha−1 year−1 on the GWJNF wildfire. Both the prescribed fire and the 2010 wildfire USLE-Forest values were approximately 0.00 Mg soil ha−1 year−1. Implications for potential long-term soil erosion resulting from similar wildfires in Central Appalachian forests appeared to be minimal given the 2010 wildfire results.

scholarly journals Using Long Term Simulations to Understand Heat Transfer Processes during Steady Flow Conditions in Combined Sewers

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Mohamad Abdel-Aal ◽  
Simon Tait ◽  
Mostafa Mohamed ◽  
Alma Schellart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Taylor Diagram ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Approaches

This paper describes a new heat transfer parameterisation between wastewater and in-sewer air based on understanding the physical phenomena observed in free surface wastewater and in-sewer air. Long-term wastewater and in-sewer air temperature data were collected and studied to indicate the importance of considering the heat exchange with in-sewer air and the relevant seasonal changes. The new parameterisation was based on the physical flow condition variations. Accurate modelling of wastewater temperature in linked combined sewers is needed to assess the feasibility of in-sewer heat recovery. Historically, the heat transfer coefficient between wastewater and in-sewer air has been estimated using simple empirical relationships. The newly developed parameterisation was implemented and validated using independent long-term flow and temperature datasets. Predictive accuracy of wastewater temperatures was investigated using a Taylor diagram, where absolute errors and correlations between modelled and observed values were plotted for different site sizes and seasons. The newly developed coefficient improved wastewater temperature modelling accuracy, compared with the older empirical approaches, which resulted in predicting more potential for heat recovery from large sewer networks. For individual locations, the RMSE between observed and predicted temperatures ranged between 0.15 and 0.5 °C with an overall average of 0.27 °C. Previous studies showed higher RMSE ranges, e.g., between 0.12 and 7.8 °C, with overall averages of 0.35, 0.42 and 2 °C. The new coefficient has also provided stable values at various seasons and minimised the number of required model inputs.

Fire regime impacts on post-fire diurnal land surface temperature change over North American boreal forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Chao Yue ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Xin Hou ◽  
Qi Tian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
One Year

&lt;p&gt;Wildfire is the most prevalent natural disturbance in the North American boreal (BNA) forest and can cause post-fire land surface temperature change (&amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt;) through biophysical processes. Fire regimes, such as fire severity, fire intensity and percentage of burned area (PBA), might affect &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; through their impacts on post-fire vegetation damage. However, the difference of the influence of different fire regimes on the &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; has not been quantified in previous studies, despite ongoing and projected changes in fire regimes in BNA in association with climate change. Here we employed satellite observations and a space-and-time approach to investigate diurnal &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; one year after fire across BNA. We further examined potential impacts of three fire regimes (i.e., fire intensity, fire severity and PBA) and latitude on &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; by simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis in a stepwise manner. Our results demonstrated pronounced asymmetry in diurnal &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt;, characterized by daytime warming in contrast to nighttime cooling over most BNA. Such diurnal &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; also exhibits a clear latitudinal pattern, with stronger daytime warming and nighttime cooling one year after fire in lower latitudes, whereas in high latitudes fire effects are almost neutral. Among the fire regimes, fire severity accounted for the most (43.65%) of the variation of daytime &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt;, followed by PBA (11.6%) and fire intensity (8.5%). The latitude is an important factor affecting the influence of fire regimes on daytime &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt;. The sensitivity of fire intensity and PBA impact on daytime &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; decreases with latitude. But only fire severity had a significant effect on nighttime &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt; among three fire regimes. Our results highlight important fire regime impacts on daytime &amp;#916;LST&lt;sub&gt;fire&lt;/sub&gt;, which might play a critical role in catalyzing future boreal climate change through positive feedbacks between fire regime and post-fire surface warming.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Long-term change in the parasite burden of shore crabs ( Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus ) on the northwestern Pacific coast of North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1945) ◽  
pp. 20203036
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Sarah Lee ◽  
Duncan Greeley ◽  
Alyssa Gehman ◽  
Armand M. Kuris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Shore Crabs ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Hemigrapsus Oregonensis ◽  
Over Time

The abundances of free-living species have changed dramatically in recent decades, but little is known about change in the abundance of parasitic species. We investigated whether populations of several parasites have shifted over time in two shore crab hosts, Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus, by comparing the prevalence and abundance of three parasite taxa in a historical dataset (1969–1970) to contemporary parasite abundance (2018–2020) for hosts collected from 11 intertidal sites located from Oregon, USA, to British Columbia, Canada. Our data suggest that the abundance of the parasitic isopod Portunion conformis has varied around a stable mean for the past 50 years. No change over time was observed for larval acanthocephalans. However, larval microphallid trematodes increased in prevalence over time among H. oregonensis hosts, from a mean of 8.4–61.8% between the historical and contemporary time points. The substantial increase in the prevalence of larval microphallid trematodes could be owing to increased abundances of their bird final hosts, increased production of parasite infective stages by snail intermediate hosts or both. Our study highlights the variability among parasite species in their temporal trajectories of change.

scholarly journals THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Yield Decrease ◽  
Research Institute

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.

Influence of prescribed burning on fruit production in Proteaceae

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Penman ◽  
S. H. Penman
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

Prescribed burning is applied worldwide as a forest management tool. It is broadly accepted that altered fire regimes can directly impact upon community structure and composition, but little is known about the indirect effects of altered fire regimes on the mechanisms that produce community-level changes such as changes to the reproductive output of individual plants, hence populations. We examined the reproductive output of four species of Proteaceae within a long term study site where disturbance histories for the last twenty years have been accurately recorded on 216 plots. Frequent fire was found to increase woody fruit production in Banksia marginata, but had no apparent effect on B. serrata, Hakea eriantha or H. sericea. Results of this study vary from a similar study which examined the effect of wildfires. The differences observed are likely to reflect the differing impacts of fire intensity on these species. Indirect changes in fruit production may result in changes in reproductive success of species which in turn may affect vegetation community structure and faunal habitat.

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