Genetic variation in the diameter–height relationship in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Kroon ◽  
Bengt Andersson ◽  
Tim J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Growth Selection ◽  
Microsite Heterogeneity ◽  
Adjusted Model

Genetic parameters were estimated for the diameter–height (d-h) relationship and three other tree stem-form characteristics (total height, breast height diameter, and total tree volume) for data from 10 diallel progeny trials of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), at about 30 years of age in Sweden. Linear mixed models were fit to the data, where adjustments for intertree competition and microsite heterogeneity were made by means of covariates in a nearest-neighbour analysis. The d-h relationship was analyzed with a covariate (tree height) adjusted model of diameter. Average estimates of the additive coefficient of variation and narrow-sense heritability for the d-h relationship were 7.4% and 0.22, respectively. Estimates of dominance were comparatively small (average dominance: phenotypic variance ratio of 0.04). The results indicate that there is scope to modify the d-h relationship by selection and breeding. Additive genetic correlations between the d-h relationship and height were negative, with a mean of –0.62. Selection for height would thus result in stems that are more slender than average, suggesting that tall trees allocate relatively more resources to height growth than to diameter growth. Selection based on height alone will negatively affect volume gain.

Early Survival and Growth of Russian Pinus sylvestris L. in Canada

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
M. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Better Than

Scots pine provenances from Russia were grown in Ontario at Longlac, Dorset and Chalk River, and in Saskatchewan at Prince Albert and Indian Head. After eight growing seasons in the field all provenances survived well. The three tallest, Orel, Woronesh and Kiev provenances, grew considerably taller than the others, and at Prince Albert, where native jack pine was also grown, the growth and survival of these provenances was also better than that of jack pine. If further studies show that this high performance persists and that stem form is commercially acceptable, seedlings from these three provenances may be useful for reforestation in those parts of Canada with a continental climate.

scholarly journals Growth and Survival Variation among Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) Provenances

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Gülcü ◽  
Nebi Bilir
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Provenance Test

Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p>0.05) for the characters, while there were significant differences (p≤0.05) among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA). Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigraArnold) and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libaniA. Rich.) which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p<0.05) correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.

Tree height and age-related decline in growth in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Oecologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Vilalta ◽  
Dirk Vanderklein ◽  
Maurizio Mencuccini
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Estimating Genetic Parameters for Wood Density of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Annual Rings

Abstract Wood density was analysed and annual ring width was measured on increment cores from 1400 trees in a 30-year-old full-sib progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north Sweden. Genetic parameters for wood density were analysed separately for ten outer annual rings, and for simple averages of the five most recent years. The evaluation included genetic correlations with height and stem diameter. Heritabilities of density estimated separately for each annual ring was 0.14-0.26 without any age trend, and jointly for the ten or five latest rings 0.30-0.33; for height growth it was 0.30-0.42 and for stem diameter 0.11-0.13. Additive genetic correlations with height and stem diameter were negative with the simplest statistical model (ȓA = -0.425 and 0.511, respectively) but vanished or diminished when ring width was added as covariate. Density breeding values calculated for the parent trees for each of ten annual rings separately varied considerably between parent trees and between years, tending to increase with increasing age, with a substantial increase between the ages 14 to 16 years from the pith. This age fits well with literature data on the change from juvenile to mature wood. The genetic correlation for wood density between rings from different years was high: ȓA = 0.8 ten years apart, increasing to 1.0 for neighbouring rings. The high genetic correlations for wood density between the innermost and outermost annual rings indicate possible strong covariation between juvenile and/or transition wood and mature wood. The annual variation in wood density in relation to genetic regulation, phenology, environmental conditions, and development from juvenile to mature age is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of High Concentrations of Wood Ash on Soil Properties and Development of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9479
Author(s):  
Baiba Jansone ◽  
Valters Samariks ◽  
Modris Okmanis ◽  
Dārta Kļaviņa ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
High Doses ◽  
One Year

Wood ash recycling can be a reasonable method for energy producers to decrease waste problems. Using wood ash as a fertilizer or liming material could improve soil macro and micronutrient content in peat soils. Therefore, the effect of wood ash on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile growth and nutrient content in the soil after spreading wood ash in medium to high doses before and after planting seedlings was investigated in peat forests in the Eastern part of Latvia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of wood ash on soil properties and the growth of planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings up to 10 years after experiment establishment. Wood ash was applied a year before planting seedlings in doses of 5 and 10 t ha−1 and right after planting in concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1. Changes in macronutrient content (i.e., phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]) and tree height and diameter at breast height were measured at one and 10 years after establishing the experiment. Fertilization one year prior to planting the seedlings exhibited a positive response on tree height and diameter growth compared to fertilization after the seedlings were planted. Soil samples from fertilized plots one year after establishment contained more P and K in the soil than the control plots. Wood ash application of the highest doses did not reach the overdose limit, as the tree growth (height and diameter at breast height) results of fertilized plots were similar to those of the control fields; therefore, no significant negative effect on tree growth was discovered.

Genetic parameters for spiral grain in two 18-year-old progeny trials with Sitka spruce in Denmark

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kehlet Hansen ◽  
Hans Roulund
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The spiral grain at ring 10 at 1.3 m was investigated in two trials with 64 open-pollinated families of age 18 years from plus-trees of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) selected from 16 populations. Significant differences were found between the families on both sites, and the individual narrow-sense heritability of the spiral grain was 0.63 and 0.78, assuming half-sib families. The mean spiral grain was 3.8 and 4.1° to the left in the two trials and the individual standard deviations 1.86 and 1.62°. No signs of genotype– environment interaction was found. Genetic correlations with diameter growth, stem form, and pilodyn were not apparent in the trials. Reductions of the mean spiral grain by 0.5–1° in the juvenile wood seems possible even with simultaneous gains for stem straightness and diameter growth, either from selections among plus-trees grafted in a clonal seed orchard or from the progenies in the trials.

scholarly journals The relationship between height and diameter trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the extent of crown defoliation in the Kampinos National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Paweł Przybylski ◽  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Stand Damage

AbstractForests in Kampinos National Park contain some of the most valuable tree populations in Poland. Particularly interesting are stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that are more than 130-years-old. Periodic observations of the health of tree crowns in these stands facilitates a wide range of research investigations. This article evaluates statistical relationships between allometric features of trees and the occurrence and severity of crown defoliation.Observations were made of 5 pine populations in 2017 and 2019, in which detailed data were collected for 250 trees. The percentage loss of the assimilation apparatus and level of stand damage were calculated.The results revealed a significant increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019. The deterioration of crown condition was particularly evident on the most fertile sites. The degree of crown damage was not correlated with tree height or diameter. The greatest increase in defoliation between 2017 and 2019 was observed for the most severely damaged trees growing on fertile sites.This study contributes analyses aimed at correlating the allometric features of a stand with its health. Such information is valuable as it describes the status of the analysed stands, as well as providing information about how trees have responded to environmental conditions. In this study, crown defoliation coincided with a period of drought in Poland, which appears to have affected pine stands. For these reasons, the results are of both scientific and practical value.

scholarly journals Genomic Predictions With Nonadditive Effects Improved Estimates of Additive Effects and Predictions of Total Genetic Values in Pinus sylvestris

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Calleja-Rodriguez ◽  
ZhiQiang Chen ◽  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Genomic Marker ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Unbiased Prediction

Genomic selection study (GS) focusing on nonadditive genetic effects of dominance and the first order of epistatic effects, in a full-sib family population of 695 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees, was undertaken for growth and wood quality traits, using 6,344 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic marker-based relationship matrices offer more effective modeling of nonadditive genetic effects than pedigree-based models, thus increasing the knowledge on the relevance of dominance and epistatic variation in forest tree breeding. Genomic marker-based models were compared with pedigree-based models showing a considerable dominance and epistatic variation for growth traits. Nonadditive genetic variation of epistatic nature (additive × additive) was detected for growth traits, wood density (DEN), and modulus of elasticity (MOEd) representing between 2.27 and 34.5% of the total phenotypic variance. Including dominance variance in pedigree-based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (PBLUP) and epistatic variance in genomic-based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) resulted in decreased narrow-sense heritability and increased broad-sense heritability for growth traits, DEN and MOEd. Higher genetic gains were reached with early GS based on total genetic values, than with conventional pedigree selection for a selection intensity of 1%. This study indicates that nonadditive genetic variance may have a significant role in the variation of selection traits of Scots pine, thus clonal deployment could be an attractive alternative for the species. Additionally, confidence in the role of nonadditive genetic effects in this breeding program should be pursued in the future, using GS.

Genetic parameters and age–age correlations in a clonally replicated test of black spruce after 10 years

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2330-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Mullin ◽  
Y.S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Height growth at 10 years from striking was assessed for clonally replicated full-sib black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) families tested at three locations in central Nova Scotia. Variance components were interpreted according to an additive–dominance–epistasis genetic model and used to derive comparative estimates of gain from various selection and deployment strategies. Field performance at 5 and 10 years was compared with that of the original ortets and families growing in a 25-week greenhouse study, by means of phenotypic and genetic correlation, and rank-change analyses. Between age 5 and 10, the additive portion of the total genetic variance for height decreased from 66 to 38%, while the dominance portion increased from less than 3 to 13%, and the epistatic portion from 31 to almost 49%. As a consequence, narrow-sense heritability estimates were lower at age 10 and gain estimates also decreased, particularly for those strategies that capture gain primarily from additive effects. Although correlations between field performance and early growth measurements were generally poor, the strongest were found at the half-sib level; full-sib correlations were somewhat weaker and those between clone means and early ortet performance were small and not statistically significant. The strongest age–age correlations were those that involved family mean seedling weight in the greenhouse. Family rankings based on early oven-dry biomass production also showed the most consistent agreement with ranking after 5 and 10 years of field testing, although the analyses suggest that effective early selection is probably limited to culling the worst 25% of the families based on biomass. Genotype–environment interactions were statistically significant, although these were limited to only 2% of the phenotypic variance in height growth; furthermore, strong genetic correlations between environments suggested that these interactions have little impact on selection efficiency.

scholarly journals Estimation of Clonal Variation in Seed Cone Production Over Time in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchard

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Kroon ◽  
Ulfstand Wennström ◽  
Finnvid Prescher ◽  
Dag Lindgren ◽  
Tim J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Possibilities for early selection of clones for future seed cone production were studied in a clonal seed orchard of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Sweden over the first 30 years following establishment. The annual data were modelled as series of bivariate analyses. The correlations between cone production of clones in any individual year and that of a previous year, and cumulative cone production over all years were studied. The corresponding multivariate analysis for a full data fit simultaneously was best estimated with a genetic distance-based power model (AR). The genetic (variation among clones) and environmental variation were of the same magnitude. The genetic correlations were larger than the phenotypic correlations and both increased with orchard age. Basing selection of clones on a single observation at an early age to improve future cone production was not effective, but efficiency increased if cumulative cone count over many years was used. Year-to-year genetic correlations indicated that early forecasts by clone of cone production at mature ages are highly uncertain. Reliable predictions (moderate correlations) could be achieved only if based on rather mature grafts, 14 or more years after establishment.

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