Response of the cover of berry-producing species to ecological factors on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell H. Suring ◽  
Michael I. Goldstein ◽  
Susan M. Howell ◽  
Christopher S. Nations
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Cornus Canadensis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Crown Closure

Land managers on the Kenai Peninsula have responded to recent extensive infestations of forests by spruce beetles ( Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) and associated increased fire risk with a variety of management approaches. To provide additional ecological information upon which to base these management prescriptions, we evaluated the response of the cover of berry species to variations in landscape factors and environmental conditions, including crown closure. Data were sufficient to describe the response of cover of bunchberry dogwood ( Cornus canadensis ), black crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ), false toadflax ( Geocaulon lividum ), strawberryleaf raspberry ( Rubus pedatus ), lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ), and a combination of 24 other species through multinomial logistic regression. Crown closure and forest overstory type significantly influenced the cover of all berry species. Increasing crown closure had a negative effect on all berry species except strawberryleaf raspberry. Level of infestation by spruce beetles was significantly related to the cover of all species except lingonberry. Our findings indicate that spruce forests may be managed to enhance berry cover and that choice of management technique (e.g., timber harvest, prescribed fire) will likely result in different outcomes.

scholarly journals FARMER’S MOTIVATION TOWARDS AGROFORESTRY-BASED AGRICULTURE TO UTILIZE UNDERSTOREY-CROPPING SYSTEM IN BKPH PURWOREJO KPH KEDU SELATAN

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Lusiana Kurniasari ◽  
Alia Bihrajihant Raya ◽  
Roso Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Forestry Extension ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Positive Effect

Agroforestry is a land management technique to be used together with the society in the cultivation of forestry and agricultural commodities. The concept of agroforestry carried out in BKPH of Purworejo, KPH Kedu Selatan, both high economic agroforestry crops, such as rubber, coffee, cocoa, teak, mahogany, etc.; low economic agroforestry plants, such as dadap, lamtoro, kaliandra, etc.; and seasonal agroforestry plants, such as rice, corn, peanuts, and others. The land management is an important effort to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production, which included in extensification efforts. This research aims to determine farmers' motivation in cultivating agroforestry-based agricultural commodities, to determine factors that influence motivation in cultivating agroforestry-based agricultural commodities, and to determine the effect of motivation in cultivating agroforestry-based agricultural commodities on utilizing the understorey-cropping system at BKPH Purworejo. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative analysis method. While the data processing method used was the proportion test and regression test. The results of this research indicated that approximately less than or equal to 50% of farmers have the low motivation of farmers to cultivate agroforestry-based agricultural commodities. Factors that have a positive effect on the motivation in cultivating agroforestry-based agricultural commodities included the role of agriculture-forestry extension agents and access to the marketing of agroforestry products. While the factor that has a negative effect on the farmer’s motivation is the obligation of farmers to cooperate with Perhutani. The motivation of farmers in cultivating agroforestry-based agricultural commodities has a positive effect on utilizing the understorey-cropping system at BKPH Purworejo, KPH Kedu Selatan.

scholarly journals Spatial-Endogenous Fire Risk and Efficient Fuel Management and Timber Harvest

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Konoshima ◽  
C. A. Montgomery ◽  
H. J. Albers ◽  
J. L. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Fire Risk ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
Endogenous Fire

The economic impact of fire management on timber production in the boreal forest region of Quebec, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baburam Rijal ◽  
Frédéric Raulier ◽  
David L. Martell ◽  
Sylvie Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Forest Region

Wildfire is an important component of the dynamics of boreal-forest ecosystems, but it can also contribute to the loss of forest resources, especially when fires escape initial attack and become large. Annual fire management costs in the province of Quebec are substantial (annual average of C$69 million for 1994–2014). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the financial impact of fire management on forest resources in Quebec. Our study includes cost–benefit analyses of nine fire management presuppression expenditure scenarios using forest and fire data for three commercially managed forest management units in the province of Quebec that experience varying mean annual burn rates (0.06–0.56%year−1). The reduction in the burn rate attributed to fire management increased the revenue from the sale of primary-processed wood product and reduced fire suppression expenditure. The combined effects of reduced suppression expenditure and increased revenue from value-added timber harvest and wood processing with a lower fire risk compensated for increased fire presuppression expenditure.

scholarly journals Causes of the dieback of littoral stands in an overpopulated water-bird reserve: Role of eutrophication, fish and geese

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Richard Svidenský ◽  
Andrea Kučerová ◽  
Hana Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Water Bird ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Water Birds ◽  
Greylag Geese

European fishponds can serve as refuges for water birds if the fish stocks are limited, but the effects of other ecological factors on their ecological stability are rarely considered. The aim of this study is to determine the causes of marked dieback of littoral stands dominated by Typha angustifolia L. in a hypertrophic fishpond that is also a valuable water bird reserve. A field study and two experiments were conducted in order to separate the effects of mineral nutrient availability, redox conditions, fish and water birds. The physico-chemical characteristics of the water and sediments confirmed hypertrophic conditions in the fishpond, but a mesocosm experiment did not indicate it had a negative effect on plant growth. On the other hand, a field enclosure experiment showed that in sparse stands, unfenced parts had a significantly smaller shoot density than fenced parts. This was attributed to grazing by greylag geese (Anser anser L.). In addition, damage to belowground parts of plants were ascribed to large individuals of albeit a few large common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). This study highlights a conservation dilemma as large numbers of geese destroy littoral stands in fishpond nature reserves, which then become unsuitable nesting sites for other species of water birds.

scholarly journals Disentangling causes of the dieback of littoral stands in an overloaded water-bird reserve: roles of eutrophication, fish and geese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Svidenský ◽  
Andrea Kučerová ◽  
Hana Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Water Bird ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract European fishponds used for semi-intensive fish production can serve for refuges of water birds if the fish stocks are limited but the effects of other ecological factors on the ecosystem stability are seldom considered. The aim of this study is to elucidate causes of a marked decline of littoral stands dominated with Typha angustifolia in a hypertrophic fishpond forming a part of a valuable water-bird reserve. Field investigation and two experiments were conducted in order to separate the effects of mineral nutrient availability, redox condition, fish and geese. The physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediments confirmed hypertrophic conditions in the fishpond but a follow-up mesocosm experiment did not prove a negative effect of the sediment quality on the plant growth. On the other hand, a field enclosure experiment showed a significant negative effect on shoot density, which was attributed to grazing by geese. An additional damage to plant belowground parts was ascribed to large carp individuals, albeit in small numbers. The study points to a conservation dilemma caused by large numbers of geese destroying littoral stands in a fishpond nature reserve, which then looses its nesting function for other water-bird species.

Acceptability Evaluation of a Developed Thermal Infrared Device for Fire Risk Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celbert M. Himang ◽  
Harrold U. Beltran ◽  
Lanndon Ocampo ◽  
Jose Maria S. Garcia II ◽  
Rosein A. Ancheta Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
A Value ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Composite Reliability

A novel thermal infrared device was developed to measure wire temperature in application to fire risk management. Findings show that the device is as effective as the conventional thermocouple thermometer. The technology adoption of the device was also assessed using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. From the assessment, it was found out that user age has a negative effect on the UTAUT constructs on performance expectancy (PE), the effort expectancy (EE), and facilitating condition (FC). Moreover, the user gender was found to have an adverse effect on PE. Furthermore, the construct which has the highest positive effect on the user behavioral intention (BI) is social influence (SI) with a value of 0.552. All the factors have values greater than or equal to 0.7 thresholds for Cronbach's alpha, 0.5 for composite reliability, and 0.5 for average variances.

An Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Failure of the Procedure in reoperated Thyroidectomies: A Retrospective Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 000313482110234
Author(s):  
Bülent Çomçalı ◽  
Buket A. Özdemir ◽  
Hakan Ataş ◽  
Egemen Özdemir ◽  
Deniz Tikici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Surgical Success ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Surgical Failure ◽  
Residual Tissue

Background The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting procedure failure in revision thyroidectomy surgery. Methods A total of 148 patients applied with revision surgery were separated into 2 groups according to the surgical success status. Comparisons were made of the 2 groups of patients where residual tissue was totally excised (Group 1, n:132) and patients where residual tissue could not be completely excised (Group 2, n:16). The patients were examined in respect of factors affecting the success of the procedure. Results The patients comprised 133 (89.9%) females and 15 (10.1%) males with a mean age of 49.68±12.02 years. Surgical failure was observed in 7 patients as the lesion could not be determined despite the use of intraoperative USG, and in 9 patients because of weak signal or signal loss. The determination of residual tissue ≤25mm on preoperative USG examination was seen to have a significant negative effect on surgical success (r=-0.329, p0.001). The patient having undergone ≥3 previous operations was determined to have a negative effect on surgical success (r=-0.229, p=0.005), and nerve damage on the opposite side to the lesion in a previous surgical procedure was determined to be the most important factor with a negative effect on surgical success (r=-0.571, p<0.001). In multinomial logistic regression analysis of the factors affecting success, the preoperative presence of nerve damage in the contralateral lobe to the lesion (OR: 33.11, 95% CI: 4.22-192.28, p<0.001) and lesion size ≤25 mm (OR: 10.10, 95% CI: 3.54-75.01, p=0.001) were determined to contribute significantly to surgical failure. Conclusion The results of this study clearly showed that as residual tissue size ≤25mm and contralateral nerve damage in the preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation are associated with surgical failure, alternative treatment methods such as radioactive iodine ablation may be preferred in these patients.

Shareholder litigation risk and real earnings management: a causal inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-588
Author(s):  
Qunfeng Liao ◽  
Bo Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shareholder Litigation ◽  
Negative Effect

Purpose The authors study how shareholder litigation risk impacts a firm’s decision of real earnings management (REM). This paper aims to shed light on how shareholder litigation risk impacts REM. The authors further explore how the intensifying effect varies systematically conditioning on the degree of information asymmetry and the strength of internal corporate governance. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors use the 1999 Ninth Circuit Court ruling as a quasi-experiment that reduces shareholder litigation risk to address endogeneity and establish a causal inference. Findings The difference-in-difference tests suggest lower shareholder litigation risk intensifies REM. In other words, higher litigation risk mitigates REM. Cross-sectional test results suggest the negative effect of decreased shareholder litigation is more pronounced when monitoring difficulty is higher, when information environment is more impoverished and when internal corporate governance is weaker. The negative effect is also stronger in firms with higher sensitivity to legal threats. Originality/value Protection of investors’ interest is the focus of corporate governance. Designed as an important corporate governance mechanism, shareholder litigation enables investors to pursue legal actions to recover their losses in the event of corporate misbehaviors. However, whether shareholder litigation is an effective corporate governance tool and beneficial to shareholders and firms is not without controversy. The authors contribute to the debate by providing evidence that supports the argument that shareholder litigation threat significantly disciplines REM, a form of costlier earnings management technique and myopic investment behavior.

scholarly journals Wildfire Severity Zoning Through Google Earth Engine and Fire Risk Assessment: Application of Data Mining and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Evaluation in Zagros Forests, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Heidari ◽  
Mostafa Keshtkar ◽  
Niloofar Moazzeni ◽  
Meisam Jafari ◽  
Hossein Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Zagros Forests ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Google Earth Engine

Abstract The arid and semi-arid regions of Zagros forests in the Middle East are constantly exposed to wildfire due to ecological conditions, and support systems are inefficient in controlling wildfires due to managerial and social weaknesses. Remote sensing and assessment tools are suitable for rapid prevention and action to identify the severity and location of a wildfire. This study investigated the natural resource management of Zagros Forestry in terms of protecting wildfire and combating forest wildfires using the NASA fire spatial data and the wildfire severity in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The land-use of the study area is produced by applying the Random Forest (RF) classification method and data from the Sentinel 2 satellite imagery for 2019. To separate the types of cultivation and vegetation of the region, the method of extracting the average vegetation index of the seasons is extracted from GEE. To evaluate fire risk, eleven human and ecological factors and two assessment models are applied to classify the probability fire risk therein. Furthermore, the outcome of AUC confirmed the Logistic Regression (LR) model; the accuracy of the LR (AUC=0.875049) model is satisfactory and is suitable for fire risk mapping in Zagros Forestry. Six high-risk areas of the wildfire were identified by MOLA, which overlap with protected areas. Out of a total of 20469.17 Ha of wildfire, 10426.41 Ha belong to these protected areas. 3826 Ha of this area were in the forests of Amygdalus spp, Quercus brant ii, pistacia Atlantica, and Quercus Infectoria, and 6600.41 Ha of it were in rangelands. Accordingly, an executive order was developed for the decision support system that reduces the risk of wildfire and helps extinguish the wildfire.

scholarly journals Assessing climate and human activity effects on lake characteristics using spatio-temporal satellite data and an emotional neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mojtahedi ◽  
Mehran Dadashzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Azizkhani ◽  
Abdolmajid Mohammadian ◽  
Ramin Almasi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract Different sensing methods provide valuable information for comprehensive monitoring strategies, which are crucial for the ecological management of lakes and watersheds. Subsequently, the resulting spatio-temporal information can be considered the fundamental knowledge for the water resources management of watersheds. Lake Urmia is deemed one of the most important aquatic habitats in Iran. It has been experiencing significant changes during recent years due to climate change, anthropogenic activities, and a lack of coherent management approaches. Hence, awareness of the hydro-ecological factors during the last few decades is critical for identifying the problems. In this research, the impacts of changes in key parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, water surface temperatures, suspended sediment concentration, saline features, and vegetation are explored using satellite imagery. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the Lake Urmia crisis concerning human-involved and climate factors such as the agriculture sector and construction of the causeway. In this regard, a limbic based Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) is developed as a non-linear universal mapping and implemented for the first time to demonstrate the interactions between the considered hydro-ecological factors and the sensitivity of the two indicators the lake health. Providing a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis is another objective of this study in order to detect the onset of deterioration in the parameters. The values of the efficiency criteria were measured to evaluate the sensitivity of the EANN models to the related inputs. The quantitative results confirm that the combination of both climate and anthropogenic factors, including the agricultural sector's overdraft, leads to the most efficient EANN model and, consequently, is considered the leading cause of the crisis.

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