Impacts of elevated ozone and nitrogen on growth and photosynthesis of European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (P. tremula × Populus tremuloides) clones

Impacts of elevated tropospheric ozone and soil nitrogen amendment on two native European aspen ( Populus tremula L.) and eight hybrid aspen (P. tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones were studied in a free-air ozone exposure system. Potted saplings were exposed to ambient (ca. 20 ppb) or 1.5× ambient ozone and two levels of soil nitrogen (39 and 78 kg N·ha–1·year–1 in the first year, 60 and 140 kg N·ha–1·year–1 in the second year for low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen treatments, respectively) over two growing seasons. The plants were measured for photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biomass accumulation. Ozone decreased leaf-level net photosynthesis (Asat) in particular early in the growing season and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at the end of the growing season. Nitrogen amendment increased the growth of all plant parts and mitigated the adverse ozone effects. There were significant differences in ozone responses among the clones, and we were able to cluster the clones into sensitivity groups based on their growth responses. The most ozone-tolerant genotypes were hybrid aspen clones, indicating that populations that have already experienced selection for ozone-tolerant genotypes should be used to cross-breed with ozone-sensitive populations to achieve tolerance of a climate with increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations.