Clonal variation in shoot respiration and tree growth of Eucalyptus hybrids

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Callister ◽  
Peter K. Ades ◽  
Stefan K. Arndt ◽  
Mark A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Clonal Variation

Respiration rate and efficiency in growing tissues are major determinants of plant growth. We measured apical shoot respiration and tree growth in 3-year-old clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis × Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Respiration was measured by isothermal calorimetry and the oxidation state of newly formed biomass was determined by elemental analysis. We found that the enthalpy change due to conversion of carbon substrate to biomass was too small for determining specific growth rate by an enthalpy balance model of respiration and growth. Negative phenotypic correlations were significant between respiration rate and basal area, height, volume, and volume growth. Genetic correlations between respiration rate and tree size or growth were mostly significant and estimates ranged from –0.55 to –1.02. Repeatability of the clone means was around 0.80 for respiration rate, 0.71–0.91 for summer growth, and in excess of 0.80 for tree size traits. The intraclass correlation for clones (within families) was 0.33 for rate of CO2 evolution and 0.45 for rate of metabolic heat evolution. Our results suggest considerable potential for altering respiration rate in breeding populations by selection, although the mechanisms linking respiration with growth require further investigation.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

scholarly journals Clonal Variation and Genotype by Environment Interactions in Growth and Wood Density in Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Three Contrasting Sites in Vietnam

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Kien ◽  
G. Jansson ◽  
C. Harwood ◽  
C. Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
North Central ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

AbstractA total of 172 clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were tested in three clonal tests in northern, north-central and southern Vietnam, with 32 of them planted across all three sites. At age 3-5 years, the clonal repeatabilities were 0.18-0.42 for growth traits, 0.71-0.78 for wood basic density and 0.56-0.66 for pilodyn penetration. Genotypic correlations between growth and density at the three sites were from -0.24 to 0.17, and did not differ significantly from zero. Genotypic correlations between sites were 0.32-0.56 for growth traits at age 3 years, and 0.72-0.88 for density and pilodyn penetration. Selection gains for breast height diameter at individual sites at a selection proportion of 5% were 22-32%, with minor effects on density. Selection for diameter at one site gave indirect responses in diameter at the other two sites that were only 40-60% of the gains obtainable from direct selection at those sites. This study shows that fast-growing E. camaldulensis clones can be selected in Vietnam with only minor effects on density. Selection for growth should be regionally based to maximize selection gain whereas clonal rankings for density will change little across regions.

scholarly journals Soil disturbance and 10-year growth response of coast Douglas-fir on nontilled and tilled skid trails in the Oregon Cascades

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Heninger ◽  
William Scott ◽  
Alex Dobkowski ◽  
Richard Miller ◽  
Harry Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Reduced Height

We (i) quantified effects of skidder yarding on soil properties and seedling growth in a portion of western Oregon, (ii) determined if tilling skid trails improved tree growth, and (iii) compared results with those from an earlier investigation in coastal Washington. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were hand planted at eight recent clearcuts in skid ruts in either nontilled or tilled trails, in adjacent soil berms, and in adjacent logged-only portions. Four and 5 years after skidding, rut depths averaged 15 cm below the original soil surface; mean fine-soil bulk density (0–30 cm depth) below ruts of nontilled trails exceeded that on logged-only portions by 14%. Height growth on nontilled trails averaged 24% less than on logged-only portions in year 4 after planting and decreased to 6% less in year 7. For years 8–10, mean height growth was similar for all treatments. Reduced height growth lasted for about 7 years compared with 2 years for coastal Washington. Ten years after planting, trees in skid-trail ruts averaged 10% shorter with 29% less volume than those on logged-only portions. Tillage improved height and volume growth to equal that on logged-only portions. Generalizations about negative effects of skid trails on tree growth have limited geographic scope.

scholarly journals Early Selection of Douglas-Fir across South Central Coastal Oregon, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
R. W. Stonecypher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Details are given of three first-generation progeny tests (CB1, CB2 and CB3) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [MIRB.] FRANCO var. menziesii) planted in the Coos Bay region of south-central coastal Oregon in 1973. The three tests included 15 polymix families based on a 10-pollen mix, and 27 families openpollinated on the ortet. The present study gives heritabilities and additive genetic correlations for growth measured between two and 17 years after planting. Correlated responses are estimated for volume at 17 years from early selection for height and diameter. Between four and 17 years after planting the individual heritability (h2) of height of coastal Douglas-fir across the Coos Bay tests was quite stable between h2 = 0.18 and 0.22. The heritability of stem diameter age-forage was consistently much lower than for height. In the critical age range for early selection between five and 10 years the individual heritability of diameter ranged from h2 = 0.07 to 0.10. The additive genetic correlations involving volume-17 and height or diameter increased to high values of rA = 0.80 to 0.84 between eight to 10 years after planting. Before seven years the absolute values of juvenilemature correlations were much lower. The higher heritability of height made this trait the best criterion for early indirect selection to improve mature stem volume growth. Across these Coos Bay tests, early selection on stem height measured at 5-8 years after planting was estimated to produce almost 40% more gain per year in volume-17 compared with direct selection at 17 years on volume-17 itself. The recommendation for maximizing gain per year in mature volume of coastal Douglas-fir at Coos Bay is to select on height at 7-8 years when the mean height of trees in tests should be around 4.5 to 5.5 meters.

Influence of rootstocks on Navel orange yield and tree growth at Mildura, Victoria

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon

Two experiments with Navel orange scions (CV. Washington and Leng) on a number of rootstocks were done on three sandy Mallee soils in the Mildura irrigation district. Rootstocks included sweet orange (eight cultivars), rough lemon, mandarin (two cultivars), trifoliate orange, and citrange (two cultivars). In experiment 1 (1949 to 1963) eight sweet orange rootstocks gave similar results in terms of yield and tree size. Leng produced more but smaller fruit than Washington, but total weights were similar. In experiment 2 (1959 to 1969 and continuing) Leng trees were larger, produced more fruit, and on one soil a greater weight of fruit per tree than Washington. Sweet orange rootstocks were usually superior to other rootstocks on each soil type, although rough lemon gave results that were similar and, for a few combinations, superior. Trees on mandarin rootstocks were low producers and small in the early part of the experiment, but by the end of the period were yielding as much fruit as those on sweet orange. Trifoliate rootstocks were unsatisfactory, and citrange intermediate between sweet orange and trifoliate. No fruit quality differences ascribable to rootstock were detected.

scholarly journals Increased Individual Tree Growth Maintains Stand Volume Growth after B-Level Thinning and Crop-Tree Management in Mature Oak Stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-795
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Ward ◽  
Jessica Wikle
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Partial Release

AbstractSix study areas were established in 80–125-year-old upland oak stands on average sites to compare stand and individual tree growth response following two active treatments (B-level thinning, crop tree) with an unmanaged control. Initial stocking of 104 percent was reduced to 62 percent and 60 percent on the B-level and crop-tree-management plots, respectively. Approximately 7,200 board feet per acre (International ¼) were harvested on the actively managed plots with upland oaks accounting for 81 percent of pre- and 86 percent of residual stand. Eleven-year diameter and volume growth of oak sawtimber trees was greater on actively managed plots. Growth response increased with degree of release and was maintained for the length of the study. Because of the increased individual tree growth of oaks in response to release, stand volume growth of oak sawtimber did not differ between treatments. In contrast to an 11-year decline of poletimber stocking on unmanaged plots, poletimber stocking increased on managed plots as diameter growth increased in response to partial release. This may increase difficulty of regenerating oak in the future. For those mature red oak stands where traditional regeneration prescriptions will not be implemented or will be delayed, commercial harvests can be conducted without compromising stand volume growth of oak.

The effect of spacing on the growth ofEucalyptus camaldulensison salt-affected soils of the Punjab, Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2434-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Z. A. Saqib ◽  
R. H. Qureshi ◽  
M. A. Haq ◽  
M. S. Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact ◽  
I 31

This study compared the performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. planted at four spacings (2.0 m × 2.0 m, 2.5 m × 2.5 m, 3.0 m × 3.0 m, and 3.5 m × 3.5 m) at three experimental saline sites in Punjab province of Pakistan over 5 years and assessed the impact of these planting densities on soil salinity amelioration. Tree response was assessed by measuring survival, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees at 1, 2, and 5 years as well as wood volume after 5 years. Wood volume per hectare, height, and DBH were greater at sites I and II than at site III. The 3.0 m × 3.0 m spacing resulted in taller trees, but DBH and wood volume were greater with the 3.5 m × 3.5 m spacing. The study confirmed that initial tree spacing or density has a significant impact on the subsequent height, DBH, and wood volume of E. camaldulensis plants. The study also showed that broad spacing could be a better option in saline environments. There was a definite reduction in soil salinity (electrical conductivity, ECe) at five soil depths after 5 years of tree growth at all sites and spacing treatments, with reductions varying from 46% to 47% at site I, 31% to 52% at site II, and 25% to 58% at site III. Soil ECewas generally higher in surface (0–15 cm) soils.

Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
B. M. Wiard ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

Inter-clonal variation in wood properties of selected clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
E. V. Anoop ◽  
D. Rajasugunasekar ◽  
P. Neetha ◽  
V. Ajayghosh ◽  
P. Aruna
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh
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