Predicting green and dry mass of yellow-poplar: an integral approachWest Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Scientific Article 2962.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Brooks ◽  
Lichun Jiang ◽  
 Yujia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Diameter Outside Bark ◽  
Top Mass ◽  
Density Equation

An integral approach to estimating stem green and dry masses for yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) in West Virginia was compared with traditional ratio equation methods. The data were based on stem analysis of 26 trees from the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest province in northern West Virginia and 18 trees from the Eastern Broadleaf Forest province in west-central West Virginia. Sample disks were extracted from 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 1.37 m, 1.8 m, and then every 1.2 m to an approximate 7.6 cm top diameter outside bark. Sample trees ranged from 17.3 cm to 56.1 cm in diameter and from 18.8 m to 38.5 m in total height. The proposed equation generally performed better for the whole tree as well as for sections within the tree based on the nine relative height classes examined. A constant wood-density equation was superior to the use of a linear wood-density equation as a function of height above the ground. The proposed equation explained over 90% of the variation in stem mass and compared favorably with existing fixed merchantable top mass equations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Prediction Equations for Estimating Inside Bark Diameters for Yellow-Poplar, Red Maple, and Red Pine in West Virginia

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Brooks ◽  
Lichun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Nonlinear Prediction ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The ability to predict inside bark diameters was investigated using taper data for red maple, red pine and yellow-poplar from several stands in West Virginia. Inside bark estimates were based on Grosenbaugh's STX prediction equations, a segmented polynomial taper function fitted to inside bark diameter data, an existing polynomial prediction equation published for several hardwood species in this region and a nonlinear prediction equation fitted to the taper data. Grosenbaugh's STX is a computer program for processing tree measurements and includes three equations to allow flexibility and greater accuracy in predicting inside bark upper stem diameters. The nonlinear equation had the smallest overall prediction error in almost all cases investigated. The taper function had the largest error but does not require knowledge of the specific upper stem outside bark diameter. No single STX bark option was found to be optimal for all species or for a single species from two different geographic regions.

scholarly journals Effects of site and tree size on wood density and bark properties of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarquinio Mateus Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Androstachys Johnsonii Prain

Background: Wood and bark are important renewable natural resources. Density is an important property that is used to describe wood and bark quality for a number of end uses. However, wood and bark density, bark proportion and dimensions vary with age and site, as well as among and within trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of site, diameter class, and vertical position within the stem on the density of wood and bark, bark volume, bark dry-mass and thickness of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain). Methods: The study was conducted on 93 Lemombo ironwood trees growing in Mozambique. Eight discs were sampled from each selected tree and diameter over and under bark was measured. Bark thickness, bark mass and bark density were determined along with the basic wood density of each disc. Results: The overall average whole-stem properties were estimated at: 786 kg m–3 wood density, 586 kg m–3 bark density, 19% bark volume, 19% bark dry-mass, and 9 mm bark thickness. Height level uniquely explained most of the variation in bark mass (97%), bark volume (95%) and wood density (86%). Diameter class explained most of the variation in bark density (51%) and bark thickness (51%). Site only explained a small proportion of the variation in all dependent variables. Conclusions: Overall, the patterns of variation of all wood and bark properties were highly dependent on tree diameter class and vertical position within the stem. Site differences were not a significant source of variation in the properties studied. Improved knowledge of the wood and bark properties of this species will aid its sustainable management and utilisation.

scholarly journals Influence of Species on Site Selection and Timber Removal: A Case Study for West Virginia

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Luppold ◽  
Delton Alderman
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Canopy Removal ◽  
Specific Species

Abstract Over the last 40 years the composition of West Virginia forests has been changing as selective cutting practices have removed larger-diameter timber of specific species and partial canopy removal has fostered the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as red maple. However, since the mid-1990s there has been considerable change in the number of markets accepting lower-quality and smaller-diameter roundwood, especially yellow-poplar. These changes have increased the number of roundwood markets and thus have increased the potential for harvesting based on silvicultural objectives or clearcuts. An examination of harvesting and merchandising practices for 28 harvest sites in West Virginia found an average of four merchandising separations or markets per site. Although the presence of new markets may have increased the section of sites containing yellow-poplar and the removal of this species from these sites, the continuation of diameter-limit cutting seems to have the greatest effect on which trees are removed. This pattern of partial harvests continues to favor the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as red and sugar maple.

Nitrogen Fertilization Decreases Yellow-Poplar Wood Density

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ross ◽  
Edward Buckner ◽  
Harold Core ◽  
Frank Woods
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Small Wood

Abstract The effects of nitrogen fertilization on the relative wood density and growth of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were studied over two growth periods. Transmitted gamma rays were used to measure relative wood density. A small but significant decrease in relative wood density was accompanied by diameter, height, basal area, and cubic volume increases of much greater magnitude. These results suggest a small wood quality loss relative to the volume gain from nitrogen fertilization of yellow-poplar on deficient sites.

scholarly journals Choosing favorites: the host preference of a vascular epiphyte (Didymoglassum tahitense)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Klein
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Background. The specific relationships between hosts and epiphytes are fairly unknown. Biotic factors contributing to epiphytic distribution have generally been considered secondary predictors to epiphyte growth and range. Invasive species pose risk to the biodiversity of epiphytes by altering the very specific environments epiphytes require to grow, which could ultimately harm the ecosystem as a whole. This study investigates the relationship between a tropical island vascular epiphyte, Didymoglassum tahitense, to wood density, bark phosphorus and host species in order to understand the specific interactions between host and epiphyte. Methods. Epiphytic surveys were conducted on the two native trees N. forsteri and I. fagifer and two invasive trees S. campanulata and P. falcataria to test for D. tahitense abundance and presence. Wood density for all tree species was calculated with the equation density=mass/volume, where volume was found using the displacement method and the mass by calculating dry mass. Phosphorus concentrations in the bark and epiphyte were found using an elemental analyzer. Results. The study found that D. tahitense preferred to live on the two native species N. forsteri and I. fagifer and that no D. tahitense grew on the invasive trees S. campanulata and P. falcataria. Of these four tree species, the two native trees had lower bark density and higher phosphorus concentrations where the invasive trees had higher bark density and lower phosphorus amounts. Discussion. With these findings, I assume that D. tahitense is host specific to species with high phosphorus in their wood.

Typhoon effects on litterfall in a subtropical forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chuan Lin ◽  
Steven P Hamburg ◽  
Sheng-lin Tang ◽  
Yue-Joe Hsia ◽  
Teng-Chiu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Wind Disturbance ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fushan Experimental Forest

The litterfall in a subtropical broadleaf forest within the Fushan Experimental Forest in northeastern Taiwan was monitored for 9 years. Mean annual litterfall was very sensitive to typhoon frequency and intensity, ranging from 3 to 11 Mg·ha–1·year–1. Litterfall was significantly higher in years with strong typhoons than in years without typhoons, and the number of strong typhoons explained 82% of interannual variation in litterfall. Nutrient-use efficiency (dry mass/nutrients in litterfall) was high for N, but low for P compared with other tropical forests. This result supports the idea that the study forest is P limited but not N limited. Nutrient loss via litterfall represents a large percentage of aboveground biomass, especially during years with strong typhoons (e.g., 19%–41%, 15%–40%, 5%–12%, for N, P, and K, respectively). Forests that experience infrequent wind disturbance (e.g., temperate or boreal forests) can gradually regain any lost nutrients prior to the next disturbance; this is different from the situation observed in the Fushan Experimental Forest. At Fu-shan the pattern of not responding to typhoons with a flush of new growth appears to be an adaptation to the frequency with which there are multiple typhoons affecting the forest in a single year. Nutrient loss in litterfall caused by frequent typhoon disturbances appears to limit tree growth and contributes to the very low canopy height of the Fushan Experimental Forest.

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