Effects of serial grafting, ontogeny, and genotype on rooting of Quercus rubra cuttings

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Zaczek ◽  
Kim C Steiner ◽  
Charles W Heuser, Jr. ◽  
Walter M Tzilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Developmental Fate ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Grafting Onto

Bud grafts, up to three series over 3 years, were made on seedling and tree rootstocks using scions from juvenile and mature northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Serial grafts on juvenile rootstock used buds collected from shoots developed from grafted scions of prior years. Rooting trials were performed in years 2 and 3 with shoot cuttings developed in situ on seedlings and trees and developed from successful grafts. Without grafting, cuttings from seedlings rooted more frequently and had more roots than cuttings from trees. Significant variation within maturation groups due to genotype and ontogeny obscured absolute between-group differences. Grafting scions of juvenile origins onto seedling rootstock had little effect on percent rooting and the number of roots for cuttings. Grafting onto seedling rootstock tended to increase rooting and the number of roots for cuttings from mature origins, but the effect was not progressive with increasing grafting series. Grafting onto mature rootstock did not affect rooting of cuttings from juvenile or mature origins collected in the first growing season after grafting, but cuttings from juvenile scions collected in the second growing season exhibited reduced percent rooting compared with cuttings from seedling controls. Results suggest that northern red oak buds are predetermined in their developmental fate relative to rooting parameters and are only minimally influenced by grafting. The true effect of grafting on the subsequent rooting of cuttings may be mediated through processes other than rejuvenation.

scholarly journals Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
Hengyu Liu ◽  
R. H. Zondag
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

scholarly journals Effect of Overstory and Understory Vegetation Treatments on Removal of Planted Northern Red Oak Acorns by Rodents

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
David S. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Acorn Removal

Abstract We documented patterns in the removal of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns by rodents in red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands during a field study of oak regeneration in northern Lower Michigan. Each stand contained four overstory treatments assigned at random: clearcut, 25% cover, 50% cover, and uncut (control). Each level of canopy cover contained four randomly assigned understory treatments: shrub-layer removal, herb-layer removal, litter removal, and a control. Rodents removed acorns from 59% of the seed spots in the uncut control and 12% of the seed spots in the clearcut treatment. This five-fold difference was significant. Acorns were removed from 48% and 40% of the seed spots in the 75% and 50% canopy cover treatments, respectively. Differences in acorn removal between understory treatments were not significant. These results suggest that overstory vegetation treatments can influence the removal of planted acorns by rodents, which has implications for the use of direct seeding for artificially regenerating northern red oak.

Acorns of invasive Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) in Europe are larval hosts for moths and beetles

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Myczko ◽  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Artur Chrzanowski ◽  
Tim H. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak

Evaluating desiccation sensitivity of Quercus rubra acorns using X-ray image analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa C Goodman ◽  
Douglass F Jacobs ◽  
Robert P Karrfalt
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leaf Flush

Desiccation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns can impact seed viability. We examined use of X-ray image analysis of cotyledon damage in dried acorns to predict germination capacity and seedling vigor. Acorns collected from five half-sib sources were X-rayed before and after drying to one of four moisture content (MC) levels (30%, 25%, 20%, or 15%) or maintained as nondesiccated controls (35%–38% MC). X-ray images were scored qualitatively according to degree of cotyledon–cotyledon and cotyledon-pericarp separation. Following sowing, acorns were evaluated for number of days to reach each of three developmental stages (emergence of radicle, epicotyl, and first leaf flush) and growth for 80 d. Both MC and family significantly affected all variables. The percentage of acorns to reach each developmental stage, as well as final height and root-collar diameter declined with decreasing MC and dropped most notably between 20% and 15% MC. X-ray separation scores more effectively predicted the percentage of acorns to reach each of the first three developmental stages than MC level (R2 = 0.49–0.63 vs. 0.40–0.59). Our results confirm the recalcitrant nature of northern red oak acorns and demonstrate the potential of X-ray image analysis to provide a rapid and nondestructive means to successful predict acorn viability.

Patterns of variation in the yeast florae of exudates in an oak community

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2984-2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Bowles ◽  
Marc-André Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Physiological Structure

Yeasts associated with exudates of 16 red oak trees (Quercus rubra) were sampled repeatedly over a 2-year period. The 210 yeasts isolated were assigned to 28 species whose frequencies were characteristic of each habitat. Significant variation among the habitats was detected in the species diversity, composition, nutritional breadth, and physiological specificity of their yeasts. Some exudates were recognized as "typical" sap fluxes by their physical characteristics and their similar yeast florae. Others differed to various degrees in their yeast species composition, or in the physiological structure of their yeast communities. Among the factors linked to the observed variation were features of the adjacent vegetation, colonization by ants, or growth in open parts of the study area.

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