Logging impacts on forest carabid assemblages in Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2698-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Osawa ◽  
Atsumi Terai ◽  
Keiichi Hirata ◽  
Asami Nakanishi ◽  
Ayumi Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Logging Impacts ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Food

We hypothesized that small-area logging (<1 ha) would greatly affect microhabitats of carabid beetles. To test this hypothesis, we studied the carabid assemblages at Kamigamo Experimental Station, Kyoto, Japan, from June 1999 to May 2001. From the analysis of the number of individuals and niche breadth, the numbers of large carnivores (Carabus dehanii Chaudoir, Carabus maiyasanus Bates, and Carabus yaconinus Bates) and large insectivores (Chlaenius posticalis Motschulsky and Haplochlaenius costiger (Chaudoir)) decreased because of logging, whereas the small carabids, Synuchus arcuaticollis (Motschulsky) and Synuchus cycloderus (Bates), may not have been negatively influenced by logging. The mass of the FH layer significantly affected the total number of Pterostichus latemarginatus (Straneo) and marginally affected the number of S. cycloderus. However, soil water content (%) and the mass of the L layer did not affect the total number of individuals in any species. The results of this study imply that (1) the richness of the FH layer and vegetation, that is, the potential food abundance and habitat richness, is involved in determining species richness and the density of the carabid assemblages and (2) even small-area logging may have a negative impact on the density of the large predatory carabids, which are sensitive indicators of forest disturbance.

scholarly journals Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10673
Author(s):  
Axel Schwerk ◽  
Marzena Wińska-Krysiak ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
City Development ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Trace Element Contamination ◽  
The One

Urban wasteland is of special interest to city planners. However, to integrate such areas into city space management with consideration of nature conservation aspects, a sound assessment of their ecological potential is necessary. The aim of this paper was to analyze whether carabid beetle assemblages of the wastelands are affected by soil parameters, particularly trace element contamination. Therefore, we studied the carabid fauna in relation to selected soil parameters on 56 sampling plots situated in 24 wastelands located in the city of Warsaw (Poland). The results have confirmed our assumptions that the number of species, as well as the number of individual carabid beetles, are negatively affected by an increasing amount of pollutants in the soil. Particularly, the trace elements Pb, Cu, and Cd showed a significantly negative impact. The results are of value when it comes to the use of urban wastelands in the context of sustainable city development. Future use of urban wastelands will be faced with trade-offs between the use for public interests (e.g., housing space) and ecological interests. Phytoremediation and entomoremediation may be included in decontamination measures. The results of studies, such as the one conducted by us, may help to select the respective wastelands for certain purposes.

Urban pigeon populations: stability, home range, and the effect of removing individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sol ◽  
Joan Carles Senar
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Alternative Sites ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Over Time

The population stability and home ranges of rock doves (Columba livia var.) were investigated by means of surveys and monitoring of marked individuals. We also studied the population response to removal of animals. Pigeons used small home ranges, and there was very little exchange between adjacent populations despite their proximity. Individual day attendance at the home range was not bimodal, so individuals cannot be divided into regular and sporadic visitors. The number of individuals remained very stable during the 5 months of the study. Pigeons did not show any group cohesion, but individuals simply used the same small area. The consequence of the removal experiments was a rapid immigration of individuals from areas where no control was exerted, supporting the hypothesis that compensatory changes in dispersal are probably the main mechanism of pigeons' response to external perturbations. The rapid response after control and the disappearance of marked pigeons over time indicate the existence of some sampling movements of individuals between alternative sites. Redistribution of pigeons after the creation of a population vacuum would be in accordance with current models of habitat selection.

scholarly journals Biology of Isopisthus parvipinnis: an abundant sciaenid species captured bycatch during sea-bob shrimp fishery in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato M. Romero ◽  
Leonardo E. Moraes ◽  
Marcella N. Santos ◽  
Gecely R. A. Rocha ◽  
Mauricio Cetra
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Shrimp Fishery ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Trawling is the most common method of shrimp harvesting. This technique causes a negative impact on the fauna due to the high bycatch rates and to the animals that are accidentally caught and generally returned to the sea dead. The consequences of this technique and the biological aspects of the involved species are poorly studied, specially in the Brazilian northeast. The objective of this study was to show some aspects of the population biology of Isopisthus parvipinnis (Bigtooth corvina) captured as bycatch during sea-bob (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) shrimp fishing in the region of Ilhéus, in the state of Bahia in Brazil. A total of 1290 individuals were caught in a monthly sampling at three different stations, from March, 2003 to February, 2005. The standardized Morisita index of dispersion suggests that this species has a clumped distribution in the studied area. The number of individuals showed a significant variation (p < 0.0001) between the seasons, being higher during the winter. The estimated first maturation length (L50) was about 159 mm, and 95% of the captured individuals were below this value. The sexual ratio found was 1.5 males for each female. Concerning to diet, 10 feeding categories were identified, and Decapoda Dendobranchiata was the most important in numeric frequency and occurrence. This fact suggests that Isopisthus parvipinnis is a carnivorous species, with a tendency toward crustacean-eating at least in the younger individuals.

scholarly journals Do Kombucha Symbiotic Cultures of Bacteria and Yeast Affect Bacterial Cellulose Yield in Molasses?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Putu Virgina Partha Devanthi ◽  
Katherine Kho ◽  
Rizky Nurdiansyah ◽  
Arnaud Briot ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dekkera Bruxellensis ◽  
Sugar Utilization ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Potential Food

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a valuable biopolymer typically observed in Kombucha with many potential food applications. Many studies highlight yeast’s roles in providing reducing sugars, used by the bacteria to grow and produce BC. However, whether yeast could enhance the BC yields remains unclear. This study investigates the effect of yeast Dekkera bruxellensis on bacteria Komagataeibacter intermedius growth and BC production in molasses medium. The results showed that the co-culture stimulated K. intermedius by ~2 log CFU/mL, which could be attributed to enhanced reducing sugar utilization. However, BC yields decreased by ~24%, suggesting a negative impact of D. bruxellensis on BC production. In contrast to other studies, regardless of D. bruxellensis, K. intermedius increased the pH to ~9.0, favoring the BC production. Furthermore, pH increase was slower in co-culture as compared to single culture cultivation, which could be the reason for lower BC yields. This study indicates that co-culture could promote synergistic growth but results in the BC yield reduction. This knowledge can help design a more controlled fermentation process for optimum bacterial growth and, ultimately, BC production.

Numerical and functional responses of intestinal helminths in three rajid skates: evidence for competition between parasites?

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (13) ◽  
pp. 1784-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASEEB S. RANDHAWA
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Number Of Individuals

SUMMARYHost-parasite interactions generally involve communities of parasites. Within these communities, species will co-exist and/or interact with one another in a manner either benefiting the species involved or to the detriment of one or more of the species. At the level of helminth infracommunities, evidence for intra- and inter-specific competition includes numerical responses, i.e. those regulating helminth intensity of infection, and functional responses, i.e. where the presence of competitors modifies the realised niche of infrapopulations. The objectives of this study are to assess the numerical and functional responses of helminths in infracommunities from 3 rajid skates using general linear models. Despite a lack of numerical responses, functional responses to intra- and inter-specific interactions were observed. A positive correlation between the number of individuals in an infrapopulation and its niche breadth (functional response) was observed for the tapewormsPseudanthobothriumspp. andEcheneibothriumspp., in all their respective hosts, and for the nematodePseudanisakissp. in the little skate. Evidence for inter-specific competition includes niche shifts inPseudanthobothrium purtoni(exlittle skate) andPseudanisakissp. (exthorny skate) in the presence ofPseudanisakissp. and the tapewormGrillotiasp., respectively. These results are consistent with other studies in providing evidence for competition between helminths of skates.

Effects of liming on the nutrition, vigor, and growth of sugar maple at the Lake Clair Watershed, Québec, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Rock Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Lime Application

In the 1980s, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) dieback was observed across its range in Quebec. In spite of the recovery of the majority of stands during recent years, some have continued to show signs of dieback progression. At the Lake Clair Watershed experimental station, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of liming on the nutrition, vigor, and growth of sugar maple in an acid soil, poor in available Ca and Mg. A completely randomized experiment was established and selected sugar maples were treated in 1994 with dolomitic lime in amounts of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 t·ha-1. Four years after the lime application, improvements in foliar concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg were noted. Liming increased the radial growth of sugar maple by 45% for rates from 1 to 10 t·ha-1 and by 90% for rates of 20 t·ha-1, compared with the control trees. The beneficial effects of lime on dieback appeared only very slightly at the third and fourth years after treatment. The negative impact of liming on sugar maple K nutrition could be mitigated by application of potassium sulphate.

Effects of two silvicultural practices on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a northern hardwood forest, Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
Claude Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of selective cutting (6 and 8 years after treatment) and strip clear-cutting (12 and 13 years after treatment) on abundance and diversity of carabid beetles was evaluated in a northern hardwood forest of Quebec, Canada. A total of 1078 individuals belonging to 14 species were captured with pitfall traps from June to September 1996 during 2568 day-trap. Abundance of Synuchus impunctatus Say was significantly higher in clear-cut compared with uncut control strips. There were no within-species differences between selectively cut and uncut plots. None of these two silvicultural systems had any significant impacts on species diversity and richness 6–13 years after treatment. Although we observed an effect of strip clear-cutting on the abundance of S. impunctatus in this northern hardwood forest, the discrepancy between the response of carabids to forest disturbance in this study compared with other studies in different ecological regions suggests that the same carabid beetle species cannot be used as an indicator of forest disturbance over a large region. Our results suggest the use of carabid beetles as a disturbance indicator at the ecological-type scale (relatively similar soil and forest type) in a given region.

scholarly journals Sargassum blooms in the Caribbean alter the trophic structure of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Cabanillas-Terán ◽  
Héctor A. Hernández-Arana ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Ruiz-Zárate ◽  
Alejandro Vega-Zepeda ◽  
Alberto Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The arrival of large masses of drifting Sargassum since 2011 has caused changes in the natural dynamics of Caribbean coastal ecosystems. In the summer of 2015, unprecedented and massive mats of S. fluitans and S. natans have been observed throughout the Mexican Caribbean including exceptional accumulations ashore. This study uses stable isotopes to assess the impact of Sargassum blooms on the trophic dynamics of the Diadema antillarum sea urchin, a keystone herbivore on many Caribbean reefs. Bayesian models were used to estimate the variations in the relative proportions of carbon and nitrogen of assimilated algal resources. At three lagoon reef sites, the niche breadth of D. antillarum was analysed and compared under massive influx of drifting Sargassum spp. vs. no influx of Sargassum blooms. The effects of the leachates generated by the decomposition of Sargassum led to hypoxic conditions on these reefs and reduced the taxonomic diversity of macroalgal food sources available to D. antillarum. Our trophic data support the hypothesis that processes of assimilation of carbon and nitrogen were modified under Sargassum effect. Isotopic signatures of macroalgae associated with the reef sites exhibited significantly lower values of δ15N altering the natural herbivory of D. antillarum. The Stable Isotopes Analysis in R (SIAR) indicated that, under the influence of Sargassum blooms, certain algal resources (Dictyota, Halimeda and Udotea) were more assimilated due to a reduction in available algal resources. Despite being an abundant available resource, pelagic Sargassum was a negligible contributor to sea urchin diet. The Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) analysis displayed differences between sites, and suggests a reduction in trophic niche breadth, particularly in a protected reef lagoon. Our findings reveal that Sargassum blooms caused changes in trophic characteristics of D. antillarum with a negative impact by hypoxic conditions. These dynamics, coupled with the increase in organic matter in an oligotrophic system could lead to reduce coral reef ecosystem function.

scholarly journals Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 831-876
Author(s):  
Kathryn N. Riley Peterson ◽  
Robert A. Browne ◽  
Terry L. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Amazonian Forests ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Although tropical regions harbor the greatest arthropod diversity on Earth, the majority of species are taxonomically and scientifically unknown. Furthermore, how they are organized into functional communities and distributed among habitats is mostly unstudied. Here we examine species richness, diversity, and community composition of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and compare them between flooded (FP) and non-flooded terra firme (TF) forests in the Yasuní area of Ecuador. The forest understory was sampled using flight intercept traps (FITs) and systematic hand collections at night in June and July 2011 and 2012, and FITs in October and November 2011. A total of 1,255 Carabidae representing 20 tribes, 54 genera, and 143 morphospecies was collected. Mean number of individuals and mean species richness did not differ significantly between FP and TF; however, numbers of Cicindelini (tiger beetles) and Pentagonicini were higher in TF forest while numbers of Lachnophorini and Scaritini were higher in FP forest. Overall, FP had significantly higher rarefied richness but extrapolation of rarefaction curves using the Chao1 nonparametric diversity estimator show that this difference may decrease with additional sampling. The inverse Simpson index was significantly higher for FP than TF forest. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and dissimilarity coefficient values show that FP and TF forests maintain unique assemblages with minimal overlap in community composition. Given ongoing anthropogenic pressures, particularly petroleum extraction, and those resulting from climate change, a greater understanding of the richness, diversity and community assemblages of Yasuní rainforest are needed to better conserve the fauna of this megadiverse area of Amazonia.

scholarly journals Assessment of the CLASlite forest monitoring system in detecting disturbance from selective logging in the Selva Maya, Mexico

Silva Fennica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Hernández-Gómez ◽  
Carlos Cerdán ◽  
Angélica Navarro-Martínez ◽  
Dinora Vázquez-Luna ◽  
Samaria Armenta-Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Logging Impacts

Detecting and monitoring forest disturbance from selective logging is necessary to develop effective strategies and polices that conserve tropical forests and mitigate climate change. We assessed the potential of using the remote sensing tool, CLASlite forest monitoring system, to detect disturbance from timber harvesting in four community forests () of the Selva Maya on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Selective logging impacts (e.g. felling gaps, skid trails, logging roads and log landings) were mapped using GPS in the 2014 annual cutting areas (ACAs) of each ejido. We processed and analyzed two pre-harvest Landsat images (2001 and 2013) and one post-harvest image (November 2014) with the CLASlite system, producing maps of degraded, deforested and unlogged areas in each ACA. Based on reference points of disturbed (felling and skidding), deforested (log landings and roads) and unlogged areas in each ACA, we applied accuracy assessments which showed very low overall accuracies (<19.1%). Selective logging impacts, mainly from log landings and new logging road construction, were detected in only one ejido which had the highest logging intensity (7 m ha).ejidos3–1

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