Losses of nitrate from gaps of different sizes in a managed beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ritter ◽  
M Starr ◽  
L Vesterdal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Water Fluxes

In the ongoing discussion about sustainable forestry, gap regeneration is suggested to reduce nitrate (NO3–) losses from forest ecosystems. The effect of gap formation and gap size on soil moisture and NO3– leaching was studied in two managed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Denmark for about 2 years after formation of four gaps (approx. 20 and 30 m in diameter). Soil moisture content, soil solution NO3-N concentrations, and nitrogen (N) concentrations in throughfall and precipitation were measured along transects from the gaps into the surrounding forests. Losses of NO3-N were estimated using the water balance model WATBAL. Soil moisture content in gaps remained close to field capacity throughout the year, while it decreased to 50%–70% of field capacity under the closed canopy during the growing season. Drainage water fluxes, soil solution NO3-N concentrations, and NO3-N losses were increased in the gaps as compared to under the canopy. For the whole study period, losses of NO3-N were 3- to 13-fold higher in the gaps than in the surrounding forests. However, a significant effect of gap size was not found within the range of the investigated gap diameters and canopy heights. Presumably, not only the aboveground canopy gaps, but also the belowground root gaps affected soil moisture and thus drainage water fluxes and NO3- losses.

Water-Fertilizer Coupling Effects and Efficient Utilization under Peanut-Millet Interplanting Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Liang Shan Feng ◽  
Zhan Xiang Sun ◽  
Jia Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In this study, the results showed that water is the most important factor to affect crop yields and optimum soil moisture is lower under the conditions of peanut-and-millet interplanting. Thus, peanut-and-millet interplanting is generally able to fit most of the semi-arid region. In the interaction of various factors, the coupling effect of water and phosphorus was stronger than the coupling effect of fertilizers, following by the coupling effect of water and nitrogen. Among peanuts factors of water, nitrogen, and multi-factorial interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, water and nitrogen showed a negative effect, whereas the two-factor interactions had a positive effect. There were some differences between peanut and millet in the need for water and fertilizer, in which peanut required more nitrogen and millet needed slightly higher soil moisture and phosphorus. When other factors were in rich level, both of the optimal value for single factors of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus and the optimal value for two-factor interactions of water-nitrogen, water-phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus, were higher than the optimal value for the interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The tiny demand difference on moisture in peanut-millet interplanting could be compromised by configuring a reasonable interplanting population structure and the corresponding demand difference on fertilizer could be resolved by uneven crop planting strips. Under the condition of water-nitrogen-phosphorus interaction, the soil moisture content optimal for peanut accounted for 57.3% of the field capacity, and the related appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.98 g/pot (81.18 kg/hm2) and 0.39g/pot (32.18 kg/hm2), respectively. Likewise, the soil moisture content optimal for millet was 59.1% of the field capacity, and the counterpart appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.57 g/pot (47.03 kg/hm2) and 0.45g / pot (37.13 kg/hm2), respectively.

TIME OF SAMPLING AFTER AN IRRIGATION TO DETERMINE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Drainage curves following irrigation were determined at six depths in eight soils having unrestricted drainage but varying widely in soil texture. The field capacities were determined under relatively high rates of evapotranspiration. The time after irrigation that it was necessary to wait before sampling the soil, to determine field capacity, was also determined. A high positive correlation was obtained between the log of field capacity in inches and the log of time after irrigation at which to sample the soil. The time varied from about 0.5 day with 1.5 in. field capacity to 4.0 days with 35 in. From the curves of soil moisture content versus time, the errors caused by sampling too soon or too late were determined. The percentage error (i.e. percent of field capacity) increased with an increase in the error in time of sampling; it decreased with an increase in field capacity in inches; and it was greater when sampling was too soon than when it was too late.

scholarly journals Root Regeneration of Fall-Lifted White Spruce Nursery Stock in Relation to Soil Moisture Content

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Day ◽  
G. R. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Nursery Stock

The root regenerating potential of fall-lifted 2+0 white spruce nursery stock is described after transplanting into soil-maintained at 8, 10 and 15% soil moisture content (SMC) in glass fronted root boxes. At 15% SMC (0.1 bar soil moisture tension), which is close to field capacity, root regeneration began 10 days after transplanting and root elongation continued at a high rate for the remainder of a 40-day study period. At 10% SMC (0.6 bar SMT) root regeneration was delayed until 20 days after transplanting and root elongation was at a slower rate. At 8% SMC (1.5 bars) root regeneration and elongation was negligible. Plant moisture stress measured at 40 days was least when root regeneration was most and vice versa. The results suggest that field planting of white spruce in soils with moisture tensions of over 0.6 bar will be hazardous.

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN ON A NATURAL PASTURE SWARD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Grazing Period

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) requirements of a natural pasture sward were studied on a Charlottetown sandy loam soil over a 5-yr period. The soil moisture content at the 0-to 15- and 15- to 30-cm depths was determined at from 7- to 10-day intervals, while irrometer soil moisture readings at 15-, 30-, and 45-cm depths were recorded more frequently during the grazing seasons. Soil moisture content in irrigated plots averaged 92 and 94% of field capacity, respectively, at 0- to 15- and 15- to 30-cm sampling depths. In non-irrigated plots, corresponding values were 77 and 82%. N treatments resulted in significant dry matter (DM) increases over untreated plots. Yield differences among plots receiving 56, 84, and 112 kg of N/ha in mid-June and again in mid-August were not significant. Early spring and September applications of N at 56 kg/ha, combined with mid-June and early August supplements of N at 84 kg/ha were superior to all other treatments in prolonging the grazing period. Neither irrigation nor N affected the characteristic yield decline of naturally occurring forage species in mid- and late-season. Mean DM production for the 5-yr period, and for years, showed no significant N treatment × moisture level interaction. While irrigation failed to increase yields significantly, livestock preferred to graze the irrigated plots. As a result of less competition from grasses, volunteer white clover became better established, and constituted a larger percentage of the sward than on non-irrigated plots.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE TENSIONS ON FLAX AND CEREALS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bourget ◽  
B. J. Finn ◽  
B. K. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Capacity

Young seedlings of flax and cereals, grown in a greenhouse, were subjected to 0, 12.5, and 25.0 cm of soil moisture tension for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days The grain, straw, and root yields of all plant species, except barky, increased with increasing soil moisture content was maintained near field capacity during the growth of plants. The yields of oats, winter wheat, and fall rye decreased with increasing duration of flooding, whereas those of barley, flax and spring wheat were variable. Correlation coefficients between yields of tops and roots were positive.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

Atrazine Adsorption on Soil as Influenced by Temperature, Moisture Content and Electrolyte Concentration

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Dao ◽  
T. L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Endothermic Reaction ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Before And After

The adsorption of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was measured on soil at water:soil ratio of 5:1 and 0.4:1. The adsorption isotherms for atrazine were described by the Freundlich equation. A decrease in water:soil ratio and in soil moisture content led to an increased adsorption of the herbicide. Increasing the concentration of electrolytes in the soil solution by adding solutions up to 0.1M CaCl2increased atrazine adsorption. Greater amounts of atrazine were adsorbed at 30 than at 5 C on four soils at 0.1 bar moisture content. This indicates an endothermic reaction which was observed both before and after correction for differential atrazine solubility due to temperature. Thermodynamic quantities associated with the adsorption reaction were calculated to characterize the adsorption of atrazine on soil.

Influence of Soil Moisture Content on Soil Solution Composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Dyer ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Anna R. Sheldon ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Solution Composition

scholarly journals Characterization of Biochars and Their Application Rates on Soil Moisture Retention in Light Textured Soil of Assam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
K. Deka ◽  
P. P. Hazarika ◽  
B. K. Medhi ◽  
Rupjyoti Borah ◽  
G. G. Kandali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
The One

“Biochar” is a relatively new term, yet it is not a new substance. Biochar, product of thermal decomposition or incomplete combustion of biomass or bio-wastes under limited oxygen supply, are fine-grained highly porous charcoal substances that are distinguished from other charcoals in its intended use as soil amendments. The state of Assam produces surplus quantities of biowastes and leaves behind bulk quantity of wastes soon after harvest of the main crop(s) remain unutilized annually and these farm wastes have the potential of further reutilization through production of biochar, which may effectively be used in sustainable production system. Characterization of biochar with respect to physico-chemical properties determines the suitability of biochar to conserve soil moisture, which is again regulated by kind and source of feed stock materials. Keeping these aspects in view, a study on characterization of biochars prepared from four different feed stocks, namely rice straw, rice husk, toria stover, and bamboo leaves was conducted at Assam Agricultural University during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to validate its efficiency to conserve soil moisture for longer time. After determining the physicochemical properties of the four biochars, a set of pot culture experiment in poly house taking toria as test crop was conducted with four biochars. Four hundred gram of soil (preferably light textured) in 500 g capacity of plastic pot replicated thrice was designed statistically (factorial CRD) with four doses of biochars (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% wt/wt). Initially, a moisture level at field capacity was maintained and periodical volumetric soil moisture content (upto 70 days) was monitored to evaluate their efficiency. Gravimetric soil moisture content decreased significantly with the progress in days of experimentation irrespective of types of biochar used. However, increase in biochar doses increased the soil moisture content significantly over the one where no biochar was applied. Highest efficiency to conserve soil moisture over the days of study period was due to the application of bamboo leaves biochar.

scholarly journals Soil Compaction Due to Harvest Traffic in Sugarcane Fields on a Lajas Valley Farm of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Lal N. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Before And After

Soil compaction tests were conducted on a farm in the Lajas Valley of Puerto Rico. Experiments were carried out in five fields of sugarcane to determine soil compaction caused in the center of furrows by a J & L harvester and in banks of ridges caused by loaded transport carts. Similar tests also were conducted in three additional fields to determine soil compaction caused by the harvester in the center of furrows at a moisture content close to field capacity. Penetrometer readings were taken at random in the center of furrows and in the banks of ridges before and after the passing of the load. Soil moisture content was determined in these locations by the oven-dry method. Soil compaction caused by the harvester was not severe under the conditions of the test, but the loaded transport carts caused considerable soil compaction in the bank of the ridges.

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