Spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern Quebec over the last 450 years

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Boulanger ◽  
Dominique Arseneault
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Last 300 Years ◽  
First Time

In this study we used dendrochronology to reconstruct the history of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks over the last 450 years in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of southeastern Quebec. In total, 260 tree cores were sampled from 204 beams in seven historic buildings and 12 trees in a virgin forest stand. Eight previously documented outbreaks (1975–1992, 1947–1958, 1914–1923, 1868–1882, 1832–1845, 1805–1812, 1752–1776, 1710–1724) and three presumed previous outbreaks (1678–1690, 1642–1648, 1577–1600) were identified based on periods of growth reduction. Of these 11 confirmed or presumed outbreaks, six were documented for the first time in eastern Quebec. Such data suggest that outbreak frequency has remained quite stable, with a mean interval of about 40 years between the midpoint of successive outbreaks since the mid-16th century. In addition, together with previous studies, our results indicate a strong spatial synchrony of spruce budworm outbreaks across central and eastern Quebec during the last 300 years. Consequently, our study does not support the hypothesis that spruce budworm outbreak frequency and synchrony increased during the 20th century.

Dendrochronological reconstruction of spruce budworm outbreaks in northern Maine, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
James H. Speer ◽  
Alan S. White
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overstory Trees ◽  
Slow Growing

Using dendrochronological analyses, we reconstructed a 300 year history of eastern spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks in northern interior Maine. By analyzing radial growth patterns from the budworm host, red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.), and nonhost, northern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.), we identified five outbreaks beginning ca. 1709, 1762, 1808, 1914, and 1976, all of which have been documented from eastern Canada. However, little or no evidence was found in our study for the 1830s, 1870s, or 1940s outbreaks also documented there. The mean outbreak return interval in our study (67 years) was roughly twice that postulated for eastern Canada. Differences in forest types, and associated stand dynamics, between the regions may explain the longer return intervals, and consequently the absence of these three outbreaks in Maine. Results also indicate that small, slow-growing trees exhibit a budworm signal very similar to that of overstory trees, once tree-ring series have been properly standardized.

FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Duration Of Copulation

AbstractLaboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

A METHOD FOR REARING THE LARVAL STAGES OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemendra Mulye ◽  
Roger Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North America ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Physiological Studies

The eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, is the most widely distributed and destructive forest insect pest in North America. Although much is known about the ecology, population dynamics, and impact of C. fumiferana on tree growth (Sanders et al. 1985), there is very little information available on the physiology of this forest pest. Physiological studies are crucial to the development of novel strategies for spruce budworm control.

A Cartographic History of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks and Aerial Forest Spraying in the Atlantic Region of North America, 1949–1959

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Webb ◽  
J. R. Blais ◽  
R. W. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Past Half ◽  
St Lawrence River

The spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) is a forest pest in all Canadian Provinces and Territories, and in the northeastern, midwest, and northwestern Unired States. It is by iar the most destructive insect affeiting the extensive balsam fir-spruce forest types in Ontario, Quebec, the Maritime Provinces, and Maine. Outbreaks of varying extent have been reported from these regions almost every year for the past half-century (deGryse, 1947). Periods in which outbreaks were particularly severe and widespread occurred from about 1909 to 1920 and in the 1940's and 1950's. In both periods, outbreaks showed a tendency to shift from west to east, intensifying first in parts of northern Ontario and Quebec and dying out in the Atlantic region south of the St. Lawrence River.

FORECASTING THE EFFICACY OF OPERATIONAL BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER APPLICATIONS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), USING DOSE INGESTION DATA: INITIAL MODELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Fleming ◽  
Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Image Position

AbstractSingle aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to control infestations of the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) have had varied operational success. Double applications are too expensive for general use, but might prove useful if directed to areas where the initial application was unsuccessful. This requires forecasts of the efficacy of the initial application in operational spray blocks within 4–5 days.Data were collected in 30 spray blocks in 1989 in a feasibility study to determine if such forecasts of spray efficacy could be made from the prespray budworm population density, N0, and from the proportion of the population that had ingested a lethal dose Bt within 2 days of application, M. A mathematical model forecasting the postspray budworm population density, NF, was derived from population-dynamic considerations and fitted (r2 = 0.48, p < 0.0001):The proportion of current foliage defoliated, D, depended (r = 0.81) on N0 and on whether the block was sprayed (I = 0) or not (I = 1):Only one measure of defoliation involved M in any statistically significant way. The predicted (from values of N0) proportion of defoliation prevented by Bt application, dD, was weakly (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.002) related to M:The large proportion of the variation in efficacy that remains unexplained by the models involving M limits the operational utility of this approach as it now stands for specific sites. The potential for further development of these models as decision support tools for fairly large spray blocks is discussed in terms of improving the sampling plan and including additional predictor variables.Methods are also presented that reduce bias in calculations of population reduction (Abbott 1925) and foliage protection when data are available from few control and many treatment blocks.

THE ANTENNAE AS THE SITE OF PHEROMONE RECEPTORS IN THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Albert ◽  
W. D. Seabrook ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

AbstractElectrophysiological recordings are taken from the antennae of eastern spruce budworm males. These respond to crude pheromone extracts from the females. The pheromone receptors are located along the length of the antennae.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): I. SOLUBLE SUGARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Nutritional Studies

AbstractAn absolute requirement for sugar could not be shown but laboratory rearing experiments using artificial diets have demonstrated a definite increase in weight of adult spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Freeman) with increasing dietary levels of certain sugars. Males exhibit a threshold of 0.9% soluble sugars above which higher sugar levels produce no further increases in size. Females respond with an increase in size up to 4.0%, the highest level tested. Generally, faster development rates accompany greater mature weights on diets with higher nutrient levels.Maltose, raffinose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose are all good sugar sources. Galactose and trehalose are only slightly inferior. Lactose, ribose, melibiose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, and melezitose in the diet are little different from the sugarless control. Sorbose is somewhat inhibitory.Results of transfer experiments confirm the importance of sugar particularly during late larval development. They also indicate that a high protein diet during early instars has a significant effect on development rates. These results suggest that departure from the normal synchrony of development in the insect and its host can affect both rate of development and mature size of the insect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document