Effects of fertilization on resin canal defences and incidence of Pissodes strobi attack in interior spruce

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara vanAkker ◽  
René I Alfaro ◽  
Robert Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The effects of six fertilization treatments on tree height and incidence of attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), on interior spruce (a hybrid, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) were explored in a field study. In a corresponding laboratory study, changes in constitutive and traumatic resin canal defences in response to fertilization were measured. Incidence of weevil attack increased with fertilization intensity. This trend was explained by increased resources available for weevil feeding (adults and larvae) as a result of increased leader size and bark thickness, as well as by an observed weakening in the tree's constitutive resin canal defences. The ability of interior spruce to produce a traumatic resin response was not influenced by fertilization. Although incidence of weevil attack was greatest in trees from the most intense fertilization treatments, height losses due to weevil attack were not as great as height gains due to fertilization treatment. Therefore, we concluded that fertilization is a feasible option for increasing productivity of interior spruce plantations, particularly if other weevil control alternatives are implemented.

scholarly journals Past infestations of the white pine weevil in naturally regenerated spruce stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy T. M. Kimoto ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Rene I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Past infestations of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), were reconstructed by examining standing and felled trees in naturally regenerated interior spruce stands in the McGregor Model Forest in northern B.C. Infestations were common in both the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS), wet cool (SBSwk) and very wet cool (SBSvk) biogeoclimatic subzones, demonstrating that frequent weeviling is a natural event that predates human intervention. Approximately one-third of all stem defects in 32 felled trees were verified as caused by the weevil. In the SBSwk and SBSvk 56.3% and 81.3% of felled trees contained weevil-caused defects, with 1.9 and 2.1 defects per tree, respectively. Trees in the SBSvk had significantly more weevil attacks high on the bole than trees in the SBSwk. Key words: white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, white spruce, Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii × P. glauca

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

Spruce terpenes: expression and weevil resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Nault ◽  
J F Manville ◽  
T S Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) parent trees were selected that were rated as highly resistant or highly susceptible to white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) attack, based upon attack measurements on their open-pollinated progeny. For each parent, levels of terpenes or other volatiles in leaf and bark were highly correlated within ramets and highly variable within progeny. For the ramets, levels of individual terpenes could not be used to predict resistance class because of their large variability. A multivariate model developed using the terpenes showing the greatest differences between resistant classes was found to predict the resistance levels of the original ortets well, with 15 of 16 parent trees correctly predicted using either leaf or bark chemicals. These models failed to predict the resistance level of the open-pollinated progeny. Discriminant analysis was also attempted by dividing the ramet data into independent sets and using each set to predict the other. Again, prediction was no better than chance. We conclude that there is no merit in using terpenes as a selection tool to find resistant genotypes amongst white and Engelmann spruce populations.

Feeding, oviposition and emergence of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)) under a pioneer broad-leaved forest canopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
Yves Mauffette ◽  
Geneviève Audet ◽  
Charles Coulombe
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Survival Index ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The white pine weevil's (Pissodes strobi Peck) feeding, oviposition and emergence were studied in a 12-year-old (1998) white pine (Pinus strobus L.) progeny test established under a canopy of mature pioneer species in the Outaouais region (Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Québec, Canada). The basal area of the overstory centred on 63 white pines was used as an indicator of forest cover. With overstory basal area ranging from 0 to 16 m2/ha, some white pine weevil performance parameters such as feeding and oviposition were significantly correlated with forest cover. However, others like the number of pupal chambers, emergence holes, partial survival index (emergence holes/chip-cocoon punctures) and total survival index (oviposition punctures/emergence holes) were not. Results showed that with an increase of forest cover, tree height was not affected but tree bole diameter was reduced. No relation was observed between leader diameter and the number of oviposition punctures. Even under a canopy, natural enemies (Lonchaea corticis Taylor and hymenoptera parasitoids) were also noted to reduce larval and pupal white pine weevil populations. Key words: white pine weevil, white pine, undercover plantation, natural biological control, oviposition, feeding, emerging population, overstory basal area

White spruce resistance to white pine weevil related to bark resin canal density

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Fangliang He ◽  
Elizabeth Tomlin ◽  
G. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Genetics ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Examination of the bark from the uppermost lateral branches of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, indicated that trees resistant to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, had significantly higher number and density of vertical resin canals per unit of bark area (mm2) than susceptible trees. The number and density of resin canals were also positively correlated with tree growth rate, an indicator of tree vigor. The density of the resin canals found near the periphery of the bark (outer resin canals) had higher correlation with resistance and growth than inner resin canals. Measurements of resin canals on the bark of lateral branches correlated well with measurements on the bark of the leader of the same tree, indicating that lateral samples could be used to screen white spruce for resistance to weevils. Key words: Picea glauca, Pissodes strobi, pest management, tree genetics.

Life Tables of the White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi , 1 in Central Maine 2

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne N. Dixon ◽  
Mark W. Houseweart
Keyword(s):  
Life Tables ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Relationship between cortical resin acids and resistance of Sitka spruce to the white pine weevil

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Tomlin ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Harold D. Pierce Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Cortical resin acids were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively among 10 provenances and 11 genotypes of Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis Bong (Carr.), putatively resistant to the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), and compared with susceptible trees. Trees in 5 of the 11 resistant genotypes had significantly greater amounts of cortical resin acid than susceptible trees. Of seven individual acids analyzed, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, dehydroabietic, abietic, and neoabietic acid, but not palustric acid, were found in significantly greater amounts in trees from resistant than susceptible provenances. Eighteen percent of the variation in resin acid content could be accounted for by variation in the capacity of cortical resin ducts, indicating that the other 82% of variation is a result of differences in resin acid concentration in the resin. Trees with very high resin acid levels may have a greater capacity for resinosis than susceptible trees, may deter feeding, or may produce resin that is toxic to eggs and larvae. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that several resistant clones, particularly two from the Kitwanga provenance, could be distinguished from others on the basis of their resin acid profiles. Because it separated trees on the basis of genotype, but not according to degree of resistance, canonical discriminant analysis may be more useful in "chemotyping" trees than in screening for resistance. Keywords: Picea, cortex, resin acids, Pissodes strobi, resistance.

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