Tree rings from a European beech forest chronosequence are useful for detecting growth trends and carbon sequestration

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bascietto ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Sensitivity Curves ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Young Forests

Past carbon (C) storage trends were estimated using dendroecological methods in a beech chronosequence in central Germany. Raw-ring-width chronologies, sensitivity curves, and carbon uptake trends were developed for 70-, 110-, and 150-year-old (S70, S110, and S150), even-aged stands. Ecosystem C stock and net ecosystem productivity (NEPC) were computed as the sum of the C stock and fluxes of the soil, the aboveground compartment, and the estimated belowground compartment. The ecosystem C stock ranged from 216 t C·ha–1 in S150, to 265 t C·ha–1 in S70, to 272 in S110. NEPC values followed ecosystem C stocks, ranging from 1.7, to 2.4, to 5.1 t C·ha–1·year–1 for S150, S70, and S110, respectively. Stem C-stock uptake rate in S110 showed an increase in growth rate over the first 110 years of S150. We estimate that this increase in stem C stock was 6.2%. Given the constancy of forest management among the stands of the chronosequence, we hypothesize that the increase in C stock shown by S110 is due to indirect human-induced effects. We conclude that managed young forests can take advantage of increased resources and counteract the C losses at harvest that are seen in the old forests.

scholarly journals Continuous and discontinuous variation in ecosystem carbon stocks with elevation across a treeline ecotone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. M. Speed ◽  
V. Martinsen ◽  
A. J. Hester ◽  
Ø. Holand ◽  
J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Line

Abstract. Treelines differentiate vastly contrasting ecosystems: open tundra from closed forest. Treeline advance has implications for the climate system due to the impact of the transition from tundra to forest ecosystem on carbon (C) storage and albedo. Treeline advance has been seen to increase above-ground C stocks as low vegetation is replaced with trees but decrease organic soil C stocks as old carbon is decomposed. However, studies comparing across the treeline typically do not account for elevational variation within the ecotone. Here we sample ecosystem C stocks along an elevational gradient (970 to 1300 m), incorporating a large-scale and long-term livestock grazing experiment, in the southern Norwegian mountains. We investigate whether there are continuous or discontinuous changes in C storage across the treeline ecotone, and whether these are modulated by grazing. We find that vegetation C stock decreases with elevation, with a clear breakpoint between the forest line and treeline above which the vegetation C stock is constant. C stocks in organic surface horizons of the soil were higher above the treeline than in the forest, whereas C stocks in mineral soil horizons are unrelated to elevation. Total ecosystem C stocks also showed a discontinuous elevational pattern, increasing with elevation above the treeline (8 g m−2 per metre increase in elevation), but decreasing with elevation below the forest line (−15 g m−2 per metre increase in elevation), such that ecosystem C storage reaches a minimum between the forest line and treeline. We did not find any effect of short-term (12 years) grazing on the elevational patterns. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of C storage across the treeline are complex, and should be taken account of when estimating ecosystem C storage with shifting treelines.

scholarly journals Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Guillermo F. Olmedo ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Horacio Gilabert ◽  
Cristián R. Montes ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the large amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To help bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Carbon pools in above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil were considered for this analysis. Across the plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P. radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P. radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E. nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. globulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. Our results agree with other studies showing that 30–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. The baseline data will be valuable for modelling C storage changes under different management regimes (changes in species, rotation length and stocking) and for different future climates. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.

Loss and recovery of ecosystem carbon pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan jack pine forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Rothstein ◽  
Zhanna Yermakov ◽  
Allison L Buell
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Function ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Pine Stands

We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C·ha–1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C·ha–1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following "gamma" function: total ecosystem C (Mg·ha–1) = 112.2 – 39.6 × age0.351 × exp(–0.053 × age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C·ha–1·year–1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha–1·year–1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C.

Evaluation of forest management effects on the mineral soil carbon pool of a lowland, mixed-species forest in Maine, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Puhlick ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez ◽  
Aaron R. Weiskittel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Post Hoc

Concerns about climate change have increased interest in ways to maximize carbon (C) storage in forests through the use of alternative forest management strategies. However, the influence of these strategies on soil C pools is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to test for differences in mineral soil C stocks among various silvicultural and harvesting treatments that were initiated in the 1950s and have been maintained since on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine, USA. Five mineral soil cores below the surface organic horizon to a depth of 1 m were collected from each replicate (n = 2) of selection, shelterwood, and commercial clearcut treatments. For these treatments, the mean mineral soil C stock was 47.7 ± 16.4 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD). We found no significant differences in average mineral soil C stocks among treatments. However, a post hoc power analysis indicated that the probability of detecting a significant treatment effect was only 6%. We determined that 98 stands per treatment would be required to be 80% certain that the F test would detect a difference in average mineral soil C stocks whenever any pair of treatments had C stocks differing by more than 5 Mg ha−1.

scholarly journals Continuous and discontinuous variation in ecosystem carbon stocks with elevation across a treeline ecotone

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 15435-15461
Author(s):  
J. D. M. Speed ◽  
V. Martinsen ◽  
A. J. Hester ◽  
Ø. Holand ◽  
J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Line

Abstract. Treelines differentiate vastly contrasting ecosystems: open tundra from closed forest. Treeline advance has implications for the climate system due to the impact of the transition from tundra to forest ecosystem on carbon (C) storage and albedo. Treeline advance has been seen to increase above-ground C stocks as low vegetation is replaced with trees, but decrease organic soil C stocks as old carbon is decomposed. However, studies comparing across the treeline typically do not account for elevational variation within the ecotone. Here we sample ecosystem C stocks along an elevational gradient (970 to 1300 m), incorporating a large-scale and long-term livestock grazing experiment, in the Southern Norwegian mountains. We investigate whether there are continuous or discontinuous changes in C storage across the treeline ecotone, and whether these are modulated by grazing. We find that vegetation C stock decreases with elevation, with a clear breakpoint between the forest line and treeline above which the vegetation C stock is constant. In contrast, C stocks in organic surface horizons of the soil increase linearly with elevation within the study's elevational range, whereas C stocks in mineral soil horizons are unrelated to elevation. Total ecosystem C stocks also showed a discontinuous elevational pattern, increasing with elevation above the treeline (8 g m−2 m−1 increase in elevation), but decreasing with elevation below the forest line (−15 g m−2 m−1 increase in elevation), such that ecosystem C storage reaches a minimum between the forest line and treeline. We did not find any effect of short-term (12 years) grazing on the elevational patterns. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of C storage across the treeline are complex, and should be taken account of when estimating ecosystem C storage with shifting treelines.

scholarly journals Mineralisation, leaching and stabilisation of <sup>13</sup>C-labelled leaf and twig litter in a beech forest soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1076
Author(s):  
A. Kammer ◽  
F. Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
One Year

Abstract. Very few field studies have quantified the different pathways of C loss from decomposing litter even though this is essential to better understand long-term dynamics of C stocks in soils. Using 13C-labelled leaf (isotope ratio (δ13C) = −40.8‰) and twig litter (δ13C = −38.4‰), we tracked down the litter-derived C in the soil respiration, in the dissolved organic C (DOC) and in the soil organic matter of a beech forest in the Swiss Jura. After one year of decomposition, mass loss in the litter layer was almost twice as great for leaves as it was for twigs (75% vs. 40%). This difference was not the result of a slow mineralisation of the woody litter, but primarily of the only slight incorporation of twig-derived C into mineral soils. The C mineralisation rates of the twig litter were only slightly lower than those of the leaf litter (10–35%), in particular after the loss of the readily available litter fraction. However, the leaching of DOC from twigs amounted only to half of that from leaves. Tracing the litter-derived DOC showed that DOC from both litter types was mostly retained (88–96%) and stabilised in the top centimetres of the mineral soil. In the soil organic C at 0–2 cm depth, we recovered 8% of the initial leaf C, but only 4% of the twig C. Moreover, the 13C mass balance suggested that a substantial fraction of the leaf material (~30%) was transported via soil fauna to soil depths below 2 cm, while the twig litter mainly decomposed in situ on the soil surface, probably due to its rigid structure and low nutritional value. In summary, our study shows that decaying twigs are rapidly mineralised, but seem to be clearly less important for the C storage in this beech forest soils than leaf litter.

scholarly journals Effect of Restoration Actions on Organic Carbon Pools in the Lagoon—Delta Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Laura Victoria Perdomo-Trujillo ◽  
Jose Ernesto Mancera-Pineda ◽  
Jairo Humberto Medina-Calderón ◽  
David Alejandro Sánchez-Núñez ◽  
Marie-Luise Schnetter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Degradation

Mangroves provide multiple ecosystem services and are essential for mitigating global warming owing to their capacity to store large carbon (C) stocks. Due to widespread mangrove degradation, actions have been implemented to restore them worldwide. An important representative case in Colombia is the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta’s restoration plan. This management intervention focused on restoring the natural hydrological functioning after massive mangrove mortality (~25,000 ha) due to soil hyper-salinization after river water input from the Magdalena River was eliminated. A partial recovery occurred during subsequent years, and hydrological management is still being implemented today. To understand how the degradation and subsequent management have affected mangrove C stocks, we compared C stocks in stands with different intervention levels reflected in their current forest structure. We found that the total C stock (398–1160 Mg C ha−1) was within the range measured in other neotropical mangroves without vegetation deterioration. The aboveground C was significantly higher in the stands where hydraulic connectivity was restored. By contrast, the belowground C was higher in the stands with low hydraulic connectivity due to channel clogging and a lack of sufficient maintenance. Our results show that hydrological management measures influenced above- and belowground C stocks, even at a 2 m depth. In addition, a strong indirect relationship useful for estimating carbon content from organic matter content was found.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock of European Beech Forest; A Case at M. Pizzalto, Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Taghavi Bayat ◽  
Hein van Gils ◽  
Michael Weir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Tajkera Akhter Peuly ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Lars Holger Schmidt ◽  
Shyamal Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.

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