Genetics of physical wood properties and early growth in a tropical pine hybrid

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1923-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Shepherd ◽  
Michael Cross ◽  
Mark J Dieters ◽  
Kevin Harding ◽  
Dominic Kain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Qtl Detection ◽  
Putative Qtls

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection was carried out for physical wood properties and early growth traits in an interspecific hybrid between Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm. and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl) Barr. et Golf. A pseudo-testcross QTL detection strategy was used to identify genome regions that influenced wood density, secondary growth, and dry wood mass index on each genetic map for the parents of a single F1 family (n = 133). Traits were measured for annual ring and earlywood and latewood components and were based on both individual and average ring values from 1996 to 1999. A total of 12 significant putative QTLs were identified that clustered into four genomic regions in the P. elliottii var. elliottii parent and a single region in the P. caribaea var. hondurensis parent. The P. elliottii var. elliottii parent largely contributed putative QTLs for diameter growth and wood density, whereas the P. caribaea var. hondurensis parent contributed a putative QTL for earlywood formed in 1997. Putative QTLs that influenced density and ring width did not colocate, suggesting independent inheritance of these characters. This was consistent with the lack of genetic correlation between wood density and diameter growth observed in quantitative studies in hybrid pines.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Correlation Analysis of Pulpwood Properties, Wood Density, and Growth Traits of Slash Pine

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Xianyin Ding ◽  
Jingmin Jiang ◽  
Qifu Luan
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is the most important and a fast-growing material that is used for industrial timber and pulp production. A breeding program of slash pine that aims to improve wood properties has been employed for the past decade. This study analysed the genetics and correlation of growth traits and wood properties of a total of 1059 individual plants from 49 families of P. elliottii. Heritability, family ranking, genetic gain, and the relationship between these traits were estimated. The results showed that there was a significant negative genetic correlation between the holocellulose and lignin content. The heritabilities of these four traits were ranked from 0.18 to 0.32. The chemical wood traits did not show a strong correlation with diameter at breast height (DBH) and wood density. However, it is still possible to combine wood traits for selection. It was suggested that the genetic breeding selection could improve the growth and quality of P. elliottii.

Growth and wood properties of genetically improved loblolly pine: propagation type comparison and genetic parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Benjamin Hornsby ◽  
Joseph Dahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Clonal Lines

The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood properties among and within clonal lines and zygotic controls. Increment cores 5 mm in diameter were collected at age 4 from a total of 2615 trees. Growth properties (diameter at 1.4 m and total tree height) and wood properties (whole-core density, latewood and earlywood density, and latewood percent) were measured for each tree sampled in the study. Overall, growth properties were better for full-sib seedling than for clonal lines, whereas wood density was higher for clonal lines than full-sib and open-pollinated seedlings. However, there were clonal lines with better growth and higher wood density. Clonal repeatability of both growth and wood properties across sampled sites and genetic correlations between growth and wood traits were determined, with higher repeatability observed for wood traits compared with growth traits. Significant genetic correlations were observed for tree height and wood properties, whereas weak correlations were observed for diameter and wood properties.

QTL detection for growth traits in Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and P. caribaea var. hondurensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Xiao Yang ◽  
Tian-Yi Liu ◽  
Chun-Xin Liu ◽  
Fen-Cheng Zhao ◽  
Shao-Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Qtl Detection

Selection for height growth and Pilodyn pin penetration in lodgepole pine: effects on growth traits, wood properties, and their relationships

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongli Wang ◽  
Sally N Aitken ◽  
Philippe Rozenberg ◽  
Michael R Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Selection For

The effects of selection using indices of height growth and wood density based on Pilodyn pin penetration (PIN) and the relationships among growth traits and wood properties were investigated in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). Four subpopulations were constructed by selecting 10 open-pollinated families in each of four categories: (i) fast height growth and high wood density, (ii) slow height growth and high density, (iii) fast height growth and low density, and (iv) slow height growth and low density. Eleven-year growth, PIN, and wood-density traits generated from X-ray densitometry were analyzed. We found that selection of subpopulations using indices of height and PIN resulted in significant differences among subpopulations in most growth and wood-density parameters. However, PIN underestimated the wood density of families with large diameter. Disk density was found to be moderately negatively correlated with diameter growth, weakly negatively correlated with stem volume, but not significantly correlated with height. Selection for latewood proportion to improve wood density in lodgepole pine is likely to result in a reduction in growth and biomass production; however, selection for total latewood volume or simply height has the potential to increase both growth and wood density.

Effects of release from suppression on wood functional characteristics in young Douglas-fir and western hemlock

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2038-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J Renninger ◽  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Frederick C Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Growth Ring Width

Little is known of wood properties in trees that were initially suppressed and subsequently released from suppression. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in growth ring width, specific conductivity (Ks), tracheid dimensions, moisture content, and wood density in suppressed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees and trees released from suppression averaging 12–18 years of age. Growth ring width was 370% higher for Douglas-fir and 300% higher for western hemlock trees released from suppression, and Ks was 182% higher for Douglas-fir and 42% higher for western hemlock trees released from suppression. Earlywood width was approximately four times greater after release in both species, whereas the relative increase in latewood width was much greater in Douglas-fir. Tracheids were 25% wider and 11% longer in released Douglas-fir trees. In western hemlock, released trees had 19% wider tracheids that were approximately the same length as those in suppressed trees. Moisture content was 66% greater in released Douglas-fir and 41% greater in released western hemlock. Wood density decreased by 21% in Douglas-fir trees and by 11% in western hemlock trees released from suppression. However, wood density of released trees did not differ from average reported values, implying that wood from released trees may be suitable for many of its traditional applications.

Genetic variation in wood properties of interior spruce. I. Growth, latewood percentage, and wood density

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2116-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosh Ivkovich ◽  
Gene Namkoong ◽  
Mathew Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Sib Families

Quantitative genetic variation in growth, latewood percentage, and wood density was investigated for British Columbia's interior spruce (the common name for white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmanni Parry ex Engelm.; and their hybrids). The study included 160 half-sib families from the East Kootenay and Prince George regions. At the time of sampling, progeny tests for those two regions were 20 and 22 years old, respectively. Univariate and multivariate restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. Estimates of genetic variances and heritabilities differed greatly across planting sites for the examined traits, especially after transplantation between the regions. Significant negative genetic correlation between overall growth and wood density was found for the East Kootenay progenies, while negative but nonsignificant genetic correlation between these traits was found for the Prince George progenies. Generally, there was no significant decrease in heritability for ring width and latewood percentage in successive growth rings. A general age trend for genetic correlation between those traits was not apparent, except that the correlation remained negative during the observed period. Our results show that it is not possible to select certain families as superior based on 1-year results because of the family by growing season interactions. Nevertheless, genetic age–age correlations for cumulative increments were high, having a decreasing trend with increasing difference in age.

Predicting selected wood properties of jack pine following commercial thinning

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schneider ◽  
S. Y. Zhang ◽  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Jean Bégin ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
The Impact

This paper examined the impact of commercial thinning on selected wood properties of jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Wood properties evaluated include wood density (ring density, earlywood ring density, and latewood ring density), percentage of latewood in the ring, and wood bending properties. Nonlinear, mixed-effect models have been developed using data from three commercially thinned sites in eastern Canada. Ring density followed the same pattern as percentage of latewood, in which cambial age, relative height, and ring width were found to have important effects. Earlywood and latewood ring densities changed within the juvenile wood zone until a plateau was reached. Ring width affected earlywood and latewood ring densities mainly in narrow rings. Wood bending stiffness (measured by modulus of elasticity) and strength (measured by modulus of rupture) increased with cambial age and wood density; whereas, wood strength was also affected by ring width. Commercial thinning did not influence the developed models, but it had an indirect effect through increased ring width.

Impact of the foliar pathogen Swiss needle cast on wood quality of Douglas-fir

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Johnson ◽  
Amy T Grotta ◽  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Geoff Downes
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Needle Retention ◽  
Foliar Pathogen ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast

Many stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) near coastal areas of Oregon and Washington are heavily infected with the foliar pathogen causing Swiss needle cast (SNC) disease, and yet there is very little research on the resulting wood quality. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), microfibril angle (MFA), wood density, latewood proportion, and sapwood moisture content were examined in 20- to 28-year-old trees from 15 stands that were infected with varying intensities of SNC. SNC severity was quantified by measuring needle retention, the number of needle cohorts retained at three crown levels. Correlations between disease severity and wood properties were examined at both the stand and within-stand levels. Trees from heavily infected stands (needle retention <2 years) had higher MOE, wood density, and latewood proportion and lower sapwood moisture content than trees from healthier stands. Breast-height age (BHage) was also correlated with these properties, but age alone did not explain all of the increases. MFA was not associated with SNC severity. Within stands, needle retention was not associated with MOE or MOR. The increase in latewood proportion in diseased stands appears to be the driving factor behind their increase in stiffness (MOE). Ring width decreased with decreased needle retention, and the examined wood properties generally showed stronger correlations with ring width than with needle retention.

scholarly journals Selected properties of Blue spruce wood from non-forest land

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Hanuš Vavrčík ◽  
Ondřej Kotalík
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Ring Analysis

The aim of this work was to carry out a tree-ring analysis, to determine density, shrinkage and compressive strength parallel to the grain of Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) wood. Results of this work were specific due to the non-forest origin of the sample material that was from two solitaire trees. Tree ring analysis (determination of tree ring width and portion of latewood) was carried out on the transverse section of a stem that was taken at height of 0.3 m from the tree base. Wood properties were tested according to Czech technical standards.Trees showed wide tree rings (5.65 mm) with a small portion of latewood (12.55 %). Oven dry wood density was 371.66 kg . m−3, overall volumetric shrinkage was 9.12 % and compressive strength parallel to the grain was 42.10 MPa. Due to the low age of trees results are valid for juvenile wood.Wood properties were examined along the stem radius. Tree ring width was increasing to the age of 12th year subsequently it was constant. Tree ring width was constant along the entire stem radius. Wood density, overall volumetric shrinkage and compressive strength parallel to the grain were increasing in the direction from pith to bark.

Anatomical properties in Thuja occidentalis:Variation and relationship to biological processes

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Bouslimi ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Anatomical Properties

The variability in wood properties of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is relatively poorly known. Here we report the axial and the radial variation in selected anatomical properties, namely, ring width, wood density, and tracheid length and width. Forty-five trees were randomly sampled and felled from three selected sites in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region, Quebec, Canada. Disks were systematically sampled at 0.5, 1.3, and 3 m stem height and at every 2 meters thereafter up to the tree top. Average ring density at breast height was 355 kg/m3 with a small difference between earlywood and latewood. The latewood proportion was uniform and constant within the tree at about 32%. The tracheids were fine and long, averaging 25.3 μm in width and 2.07 mm in length. The variation in wood density components between trees was highly significant. The cambial age effect on all measured properties was highly significant. Ring density decreased from a maximum near the pith to a minimum in the juvenile–mature wood transition zone and remained constant or decreased slightly thereafter. Annual ring width decreased from a maximum near the pith to a minimum at the 10th ring and increased thereafter. Tracheid length and width showed typical radial variation characterized by a steady increase from pith to bark. Within-tree axial variation was highly significant, but ring width showed more substantial changes. Changes in wood properties with height depend on cambial age and thus are implied since the proportion of juvenile wood in the stem increases from the base to the top.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document