Effectiveness of combinations of shelterwood, scarification, and feeding barriers to reduce pine weevil damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Petersson ◽  
Göran Örlander
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
The Individual

In a field experiment in southern Sweden we investigated the single and combined effects of shelterwood, soil scarification, and feeding barriers on pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. The seedlings were planted on four different sites, each consisting of two plots, one clearcut and one with shelterwood (98–148 stems/ha). These plots were each subdivided into two parts, one scarified and one left untreated. The seedlings were protected with insecticide or feeding barriers or left as unprotected controls. Three years after planting the mortality due to pine weevil damage was high (88%) for unprotected seedlings on clearcuts with no scarification. The damage-reducing effects of shelterwood, scarification, and physical protection were additive. Using all three methods in combination the mortality due to pine weevil feeding was less than 7% after 3 years. The order of effectiveness of the individual measures for reducing damage by pine weevils was insecticide, scarification, physical protection, and shelterwood. Scarification reduced pine weevil damage equally well on clearcuts as in shelterwoods. However, the effects of scarification were more long lasting in shelterwoods.

scholarly journals Simple Is Best: Pine Twigs Are Better Than Artificial Lures for Trapping of Pine Weevils in Pitfall Traps

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Lalík ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša ◽  
Juraj Galko ◽  
Karolína Resnerová ◽  
Andrej Kunca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Better Than

The large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus 1758) is the main pest of coniferous seedlings in Europe and causes substantial damage in areas that have been clear-cut or otherwise disturbed. We compared the efficacy of different attractants for the capture of H. abietis adults in white pitfall traps. The field experiment was performed from mid-April to the end of August 2018 at six plots in Central Europe located in spruce stands that had been clear-cut. At each plot, we compared five attractants: one pine twig with ethanol, Hylodor, alpha-pinene + ethanol, turpentine oil and ethanol (separated), and turpentine oil + ethanol (not separated). Traps without attractant served as a control. Six traps for each attractant or control were distributed at each plot. Of the total number of H. abietis adults trapped, 43.3%, 20.5%, 17.9%, 9.8%, 8.5% and 0.5% were captured in traps with pine twigs with ethanol, alpha-pinene, Hylodor, turpentine, oil + ethanol (separated), turpentine oil + ethanol (combined), and no attractant, respectively. The bottom of each trap contained propylene glycol to kill and preserve beetles. The small number of beetles captured in the control traps confirms that the propylene glycol:water mixture did not influence the trapping of H. abietis. The use of pitfall traps with a suitable attractant (especially pine twigs and ethanol) should be useful for monitoring of H. abietis, because it is simple and cost-effective. The use of such pitfall traps to control H. abietis by mass trapping would require 50 to 100 traps per ha.

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

Identification of plant volatiles activating single receptor neurons in the pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis )

1997 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Wibe ◽  
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson ◽  
Torbjörn Norin ◽  
Hanna Mustaparta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Single Receptor ◽  
Receptor Neurons

ATTRACTION OF HYLOBIUS PALES (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) TO PHEROMONES OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ips Calligraphus ◽  
Hylobius Pales ◽  
Host Resource

AbstractResults of a field experiment indicate that adults of the pine weevil Hylobius pales (Herbst) respond to pheromones of bark beetles. Each sex of H. pales was more attracted to traps baited with the combination of a pine bolt infested with male Ips calligraphus Germar plus the synthetic Dendroctonus Erichson pheromones frontalin and exo-brevicomin, than to traps baited with pine bolts alone. The combined numbers of male and female H. pales caught in traps baited only with Ips calligraphus-infested bolts were significantly greater than numbers caught in traps baited with uninfested control bolts. The attraction of H. pales to bark beetle pheromones may represent a kairomonal response in which weevils exploit semiochemicals from other species that signify a suitable host resource.

The effect of fungal colonization on the morphine production of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) capsules

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Laughlin ◽  
D. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Capsule Wall ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Morphine Concentration ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYAbnormally low concentrations of morphine in capsules of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in the 1970–1 season were associated with heavy fungal colonization. The effect of fungal colonization on the morphine production of capsules was later studied in a series of field, glasshouse and in vitroexperiments.In a field experiment morphine concentration of severely colonized (> 30% surface cover) intact capsules was 20% less (P <0·01) than slightly colonized (< 10% surface cover) capsules. Colonization of these field-grown capsules was generally localized in the top half and the morphine concentration of the top half was about 20% less than the bottom half for all colonization categories. In contrast, glasshouse-grown capsules were free of fungal colonization and the top and bottom halves had similar morphine concentrations.In a field experiment studying the effect of fungicides, 2 kg benomyl (50% a.i.) + 2 kg mancozeb (80% a.i.)/ha were applied as a spray at 10-day intervals from flowering till 1 month after commercial harvest and plants were harvested at weekly intervals from 10 days after full bloom. The mean dry-matter yield of sprayed capsules was 11% greater (P <0·01) than non-sprayed with a similar trend for morphine concentration and morphine yield. In addition, the sprayed treatment significantly reduced the area covered by sporulating lesions on the surface of the capsule after dry maturity. This superficial fungal cover had a NNE orientation in both sprayed and non-sprayed capsules.In an in vitroexperiment using capsules from the field fungicide study, fungi were isolated from the interior of green capsule wall tissue as early as 17 days after flowering. Colonization increased with successive harvests and culturing of fungi from the interior of capsule wall tissue showed the presence of fungi in both sprayed and non-sprayed capsules with no difference in the degree of colonization.Two of the major fungi isolated from the field experiment were identified as Dendryphion penidllatum (Corda) Fr. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and the individual effect of these was assessed in an in vitro experiment using ground capsule material. D. penidllatuvi and A. alternata reduced the morphine concentration of ground capsules in 24 days to 7 and 11% respectively of non-inoculated controls.

Mini-seedlings of Picea abies are less attacked by Hylobius abietis than conventional ones: Is plant chemistry the explanation?

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pettersson ◽  
Astrid Kännaste ◽  
Anders Lindström ◽  
Claes Hellqvist ◽  
Eva Stattin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Plant Chemistry

Signaling Effects: Increased Content Retention and New Answers—Part II

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
Content Retention ◽  
The Individual

This study investigated the role of signaling in helping good readers comprehend expository text. As the existing literature on signaling, reviewed in the last issue of this Journal, pointed to deficiencies in previous studies' methodologies, one goal of this study was to refine prose research methods. Two passages were designed in one of eight signaled versions each. The design was constructed to assess the individual and combined effects of headings, previews, and logical connectives. The study also assessed the effect of passage length, familiarity, and difficulty. The results showed that signals do improve a reader's comprehension, particularly comprehension two weeks after the reading of a passage and comprehension of superordinate and superordinate inferential information. This study supports the hypothesis that signals can influence retention of text-based information, particularly with long, unfamiliar, or difficult passages.

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