Contrasting modes of survival by jack and pitch pine at a common range limit

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Greenwood ◽  
William H Livingston ◽  
Michael E Day ◽  
Shawn C Kenaley ◽  
Alan S White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Dry Conditions

Freezing tolerance, reproductive development, and seed germination of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) were compared in a small sympatric population in Acadia National Park in Maine, at the southern range limit of the former and the northern limit of the latter. Freezing tolerances of vegetative shoots and roots were similar for both species. Both species flower prolifically, and there was no evidence of differences in either pollen viability, cone survival, or proportion of viable seed (65–70% of the total). Regeneration success (established seedlings ranging from 1 to 13 years old) was similar overall for both species, but success by species varied greatly in some years. Jack pine regeneration was significantly associated with thinner soils, while pitch pine regeneration was associated with thicker soils in hollows. Jack pine seed germinated significantly faster than pitch pine seed, especially when day–night temperature was reduced. Pitch pine seedlings always exhibited a significantly higher shoot/root ratio than those of jack pine. The most northerly provenances of jack pine germinated significantly faster than those from the most southerly provenances. Jack pine also germinated at a significantly higher percentage than pitch pine in exposed granite sand. Thus relatively cool, dry conditions may favor establishment of jack pine seedlings, while pitch pine establishment may be favored in warmer, wetter conditions.

Influence of seedbed, light environment, and elevated night temperature on growth and carbon allocation in pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings

2005 ◽  
Vol 205 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Day ◽  
Jessica L. Schedlbauer ◽  
William H. Livingston ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood ◽  
Alan S. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pitch Pine

scholarly journals Jack Pine Regeneration Following Postcut Burning under Seed Trees in Central Saskatchewan

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Slash Burning

An experimental burn in conjunction with a seed-tree system was successful in regenerating jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) on a fresh to somewhat moist upland, loamy till, cutover site in central Saskatchewan. About 20 well-formed, uniformly spaced seed trees per hectare were left standing during timber harvest. The ignition of logging slash was carried out under preselected weather and fuel conditions so that favorable seedbeds and adequate seed dispersal from the seed trees were produced. Four growing seasons after burning, jack pine stocking by 4-m2 quadrats was 90% with 12 195 seedlings/ha. Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), to a lesser degree black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), and other companion tree species also regenerated with the pine. Various seedbed and regeneration characteristics as well as height growth rates are discussed. Key words: Pinus banksiana, slash burning, seed-tree system, forest regeneration, growth rates, central Saskatchewan.

Nitrogen source effects on Al toxicity in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedlings. II. Nitrate reduction and NO3− uptake

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2653-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Nr Activity

Nitrogen source utilization, mediated by the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius, may modulate Al toxicity in pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seedlings. Nitrate reduction, occurring primarily in the roots of pitch pine seedlings, represents a critical metabolic pathway that may be directly sensitive to Al or indirectly affected by changes in NO3− availability associated with Al exposure or mycorrhizal infection. To investigate these possibilities, pitch pine seedlings were grown in sand culture with NO3−, NH4NO3, or NH4+ and exposed to 0 or 200 μM Al for 6 weeks. Foliar N concentrations, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and Al inhibition of NR activity were highly dependent on the proportion of NO3− of the nutrient solution. The association of Pisolithus tinctorius with seedling roots reduced both root and foliar NR activity compared with non-inoculated controls, suggesting that NO3− uptake and translocation to foliage was reduced by the symbiont. This was confirmed by using 36ClO3− to measure unidirectional plasma membrane NO3− fluxes. Mycorrhizal root tips absorbed 50% less NO3− than nonmycorrhizal root tips. Preferential use of NH4+ by ectomycorrhizal roots may thus result in reduced movement of Al into root tissue and amelioration of Al toxicity. Key words: Pinus rigida, ectomycorrhizae, aluminum toxicity, nitrogen source.

scholarly journals Height growth of black spruce and jack pine seedlings in flooded flats

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
W. Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Water Height

Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown in a green-house on peat-filled flats flooded with nutrient solution or distilled water. None was aerated. However, an O2 concentration gradient existed across the flats, 3.0 – 3.7 ppm along the edges, and 1.4 – 1.9 ppm in the centers. After 4½ months seedlings of both species grew taller with nutrient solution than with distilled water. In flats supplied with nutrient solution, seedlings of both species grew taller along the edges than in the centers, whereas in flats supplied with distilled water height differential did not develop. Jack pine grew taller than black spruce under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Site Conditions for Jack Pine Seeding

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Pine Regeneration

There is a strong relationship between jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) regeneration and the combined site and seedbed conditions at the time of seeding. Both unfavorable and favorable seedbed characteristics, as well as available seed sources, are reviewed by groups of sites, and then optional uses of major seedbed and seeding treatments are discussed in terms of practical considerations. Site groups with regeneration potential ranging from high to low are also indicated. Key words: Pinus banksiana, cutover areas, seedbeds, seed sources, mechanical scarification, controlled burning, seed-tree system, direct seeding, pine regeneration.

L'utilisation du compost de boues de stations d'épuration des eaux comme substrat de culture pour la production des plants forestiers en récipients

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
Patrick Polan ◽  
Jean Gagnon ◽  
J. Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Collar Diameter

The Quebec government has established a program to treat industrial and domestic wastewaters. However, this program does make it necessary to dispose of large quantities of sludge. This sludge can be burned or landfilled but such solutions do not properly draw benefit from the sludge's potential as a fertilizer. There is a considerable interest in composting of the sludge. In this study, compost from the composting plant in Plattsburgh was mixed with the growing substrate normally used for the production of containerized jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to determine if the compost could be used for the production in containers of forest seedlings. The growth of containerized seedlings produced with proportions by volume of 80% peat moss and 20% vermiculite was compared to the growth of seedlings when the peat moss (80%) was replaced by different proportions of compost (20, 40, 60, and 80%). After one growing season in tunnel, the best growth rates in terms of shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry biomass were obtained with the control, followed in decreasing order by the treatments compost 20, 40, 60, and 80%. In this experiment, the use of compost from wastewater treatment plants reduced significantly the growth of jack pine and this can be explained mainly by the lack of nitrogen in the tissues of jack pine seedlings. However, the adjustment of nitrogen fertilization and conditions of cultivation by using compost may permit the production of containerized seedlings having the same dimensions as the controls. The seedling growth parameters when 20% compost was incorporated in the substrate were nearly the same as the control seedling. Key words: sludge, recycling, compost, substrate, container, forest seedlings, jack pine.

Plantation Establishment in the Boreal Forest: Glyphosate, Hexazinone, and Manual Weed Control

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Manual Treatment ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Bare Root

One manual and two chemical (mist-blown foliar spray of glyphosate and hexazinone) methods of vegetation control were applied in two 17.1 m × 17.1 m plots per treatment in a 1969 boreal cutover in Forest Section B7 where natural jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) regeneration, mostly about 1 m tall, was overtopped by post-harvest deciduous growth, including sapling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Season of application(fall = September 1976; summer = July 1977) and, for the chemical treatments, rate of application (0. 1, 2, and 4 kg ai/ha) were evaluated for their effect on (a) deciduous competition, (b) natural jack pine regeneration, and (c) white spruce (picea glauca [Moench] Voss) outplanted as bare-root 2 + 2 stock in June 1978. Annual or more frequent assessments were made through 1983. With (a), manual treatment was more effective in summer than in fall but did not effect sustained control. Of the fall-applied herbicide treatments, only glyphosate at 2 and 4 kg ai/ha was efficacious. Sustained control over several years was obtained with summer-applied glyphosate and, to a lesser degree, hexazinone. With (b), jack pine was not benefited by any treatment. With (c), frost and browsing obscured treatment effects, but the "best" control of deciduous vegetation was probably silviculturally detrimental to the spruce.

Pyrimidine metabolism in seeds and seedlings of jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pitel ◽  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pyrimidine Metabolism ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Low Levels

Jack pine seedlings rapidly converted radioactive thymine-6-3H to dihydrothymine, β-ureidoisobutyric acid, and β-aminoisobutyric acid. Autoradiographs of hypocotyl cells showed radioactivity largely in the cytoplasm. A small percentage of radioactivity from thymine-2-14C was salvaged via uracil for the synthesis of RNA. DNA was not labelled significantly. The occurrence of a mechanism to utilize thymidine-methyl-3H for DNA synthesis was detected at low levels in germinating seedlings but was absent in seeds up to 16 h imbibition. Among pyrimidines tested thymidine was the most specific for the labelling of DNA and radioactivity was detected almost entirely over nuclei.The occurrence of an active pathway for the de novo synthesis of the pyrimidine portions of nucleic acids was demonstrated by the use of orotic acid-4-14C. Native DNA and all major types of RNA were labelled and radioactivity resided in pyrimidines. Synthesis of DNA involved the conversion of pyrimidine ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides.

Anthocyanins of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Nozzolillo ◽  
Pierre Isabelle ◽  
Øyvind M Andersen ◽  
Mamdouh Abou-Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigments ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

Purpling of the needles of jack pine seedlings in forest tree nurseries in the autumn is a result of the production of at least five anthocyanin pigments: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (~80%), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (~8%), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (~8%), petunidin 3-O-glucoside (~3%) and malvidin 3-O-glucoside (trace). The twigs subtending the needles also produce a similar range of pigments. The entire spectrum of pigments is produced from the time of the first exposure to freezing temperatures. Proanthocyanidins are a prominent feature of the needle phenolics and the question of their possible involvement in the purpling phenomenon following exposure to sub-zero temperatures is raised. The red colour of the hypocotyl of the newly germinated seedling is also a result of a similar mixture of pigments.Key words: Pinus banksiana, Pinaceae, jack pine seedlings, anthocyanin pigmentation, hypocotyl, proanthocyanidins.

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