Peatland pines as climate indicators? A regional comparison of the climatic influence on Scots pine growth in Sweden

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1400-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W Linderholm ◽  
Anders Moberg ◽  
Håkan Grudd
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Information

Six tree-ring chronologies from Sweden were analyzed to assess if Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing on peatlands are useful as annually resolved climate indicators. Also, climate–growth relationships were compared with those of pines growing on nearby dry sites to evaluate if pines from both environments may be combined to yield climate information. While temperatures in spring and summer had positive influences on peatland pine growth, precipitation responses ranged from negative in the north to positive in the south. Climate – growth response patterns differed between peatland and neighboring dry sites, where climatic information in peatland pines was weaker. Added to the direct effect of growth-year climate, is the response of peatland pines to water table variations, a function of climate over several years, likely causing annual growth to reflect a synthesis of climate over a long period. Scots pine climate – growth responses, in both environments, changed throughout the 20th century, corresponding to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns in Sweden. Decreasing growth trends since the late 1970s may be a result of late 20th century change to a warmer and wetter climate, possibly related to a strengthening of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in recent decades.

scholarly journals Trends in compound extremes of air temperature and precipitation in Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vyshkvarkova ◽  
Olga Sukhonos
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract The spatial distribution of compound extremes of air temperature and precipitation was studied over the territory of Eastern Europe for the period 1950–2018 during winter and spring. Using daily data on air temperature and precipitation, we calculated the frequency and trends of the four indices – cold/dry, cold/wet, warm/dry and warm/wet. Also, we studying the connection between these indices and large-scale processes in the ocean-atmosphere system such as North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic Oscillation and Scandinavian Oscillation. The results have shown that positive trends in the region are typical of the combinations with the temperatures above the 75th percentile, i.e., the warm extremes in winter and spring. Negative trends were obtained for the cold extremes. Statistically significant increase in the number of days with warm extremes was observed in the northern parts of the region in winter and spring. The analysis of the impacts of the large-scale processes in oceans-atmosphere system showed that the North Atlantic Oscillation index has a strong positive and statistically significant correlation with the warm indices of compound extremes in the northern part of Eastern Europe in winter, while the Scandinavian Oscillation shows the opposite picture.

scholarly journals Seasonal Climate Trends, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and Salamander Abundance in the Southern Appalachian Mountain Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Warren ◽  
Mark A. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Southern Appalachian Mountain ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Precipitation Trends

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large-scale climate teleconnection that coincides with worldwide changes in weather. Its impacts have been documented at large scales, particularly in Europe, but not as much at regional scales. Furthermore, despite documented impacts on ecological dynamics in Europe, the NAO’s influence on North American biota has been somewhat overlooked. This paper examines long-term temperature and precipitation trends in the southern Appalachian Mountain region—a region well known for its biotic diversity, particularly in salamander species—and examines the connections between these trends and NAO cycles. To connect the NAO phase shifts with southern Appalachian ecology, trends in stream salamander abundance are also examined as a function of the NAO index. The results reported here indicate no substantial long-term warming or precipitation trends in the southern Appalachians and suggest a strong relationship between cool season (November–April) temperature and precipitation and the NAO. More importantly, trends in stream salamander abundance are best explained by variation in the NAO as salamanders are most plentiful during the warmer, wetter phases.

A 1000-Year Record of Temperature and Precipitation in the Sierra Nevada

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Graumlich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Precipitation Variation

AbstractTree-ring data from subalpine conifers in the southern Sierra Nevada were used to reconstruct temperature and precipitation back to A.D. 800. Tree growth of foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis ssp. australis) is influenced by nonlinear interactions between summer temperature and winter precipitation. Reconstruction of the separate histories of temperature and precipitation is feasible by explicitly modeling species and site differences in climatic response using response surfaces. The summer temperature reconstruction shows fluctuations on centennial and longer time scales including a period with temperatures exceeding late 20th-century values from ca. 1100 to 1375 A.D., corresponding to the Medieval Warm Period identified in other proxy data sources, and a period of cold temperatures from ca. 1450 to 1850, corresponding to the Little Ice Age. Precipitation variation is dominated by shorter period, decadal-scale oscillations. The long-term record presented here indicates that the 20th century is anomalous with respect to precipitation variation. A tabulation of 20- and 50-yr means indicates that precipitation equaling or exceeding 20th-century levels occurred infrequently in the 1000+-yr record.

Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Düsterhus ◽  
Leonard Borchert ◽  
Vimal Koul ◽  
Holger Pohlmann ◽  
Sebastian Brune
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Seasonal Prediction ◽  
Prediction Skill ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Over Time

<p>The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has over the year a major influence on European weather. In many applications, being it in modern or paleo climate science, the NAO is assumed to varying in strength, but otherwise often understood as being a constant feature of the pressure system over the North Atlantic. In recent years investigations on the seasonal-predictability of the winter NAO has shown that the prediction skill is varying over time. This opens the question, why this is the case and how well models are able to represent the NAO in all its variability over the 20th century.</p><p>To investigate this further we take a look at a seasonal prediction of the NAO with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) seasonal prediction system, with 30 members over the 20th century. We analyse its dependence of prediction skill on various features of the NAO and the North Atlantic system, like the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV). As such we will demonstrate, that the NAO is a much less stable system over time as currently assumed and that models may not be in the position to predict its full variability appropriately.</p>

A Subseasonal Teleconnection Analysis: PNA Development and Its Relationship to the NAO

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 6733-6741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Baxter ◽  
Sumant Nigam
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Barotropic Vorticity ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection is a major mode of Northern Hemisphere wintertime climate variability, with well-known impacts on North American temperature and precipitation. To assess whether the PNA teleconnection has extended predictability, comprehensive data analysis is conducted to elucidate PNA evolution, with an emphasis on patterns of PNA development and decay. These patterns are identified using extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) and linear regression analyses on pentad-resolution atmospheric circulation data from the new Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Additionally, dynamical links between the PNA and another important mode of wintertime variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), are analyzed both in the presence and absence of notable tropical convections, for example, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), which is known to be influential on both. The relationship is analyzed using EEOF and regression techniques. It is shown that the PNA structure is similar in both space and time when the MJO is linearly removed from the dataset. Furthermore, there is a small but significant lag between the NAO and PNA, with the NAO leading a PNA of opposite phase on time scales of one to three pentads. It is suggested from barotropic vorticity analysis that this relationship may result in part from excitation of Rossby waves by the NAO in the Asian waveguide.

scholarly journals Vilnius Poker: The Reception of a Soviet Novel in the North American Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Gabrielė Gailiūtė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Market ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa

The article discusses an interesting situation: a novel by a Lithuanian author, written still under the Soviet regime and published on the brink of the independence, has been translated and published in the USA. For the Lithuanian readers, the book is one of the most important literary documents of the historical situation of life in the Soviet times, as well as one of the greatest artistic achievements in the late-20th century Lithuanian literature. The article analyses the reactions of the American readers, employing the script acts theory as developed by Peter L. Shillingsburg: in what "sememic molecules" does the book appear to be framed as it travels across the Atlantic? The differences between the reactions of Lithuanian and American readers mentioned in the article cover the most prominent distinctions in the social and cultural context, but also, where the reader's own context does not provide a well-defined sememic molecule, there appears to be a way for publishing and editing decisions to guide the reader to adhere to a particular mode of reading.

scholarly journals Implications of Winter NAO Flavors on Present and Future European Climate

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efi Rousi ◽  
Henning W. Rust ◽  
Uwe Ulbrich ◽  
Christina Anagnostopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Azores High ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a basic variability mode in the Northern Hemisphere, undergoes changes in its temporal and spatial characteristics, with significant implications on European climate. In this paper, different NAO flavors are distinguished for winter in simulations of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean GCM, using Self-Organizing Maps, a topology preserving clustering algorithm. These flavors refer to various sub-forms of the NAO pattern, reflecting the range of positions occupied by its action centers, the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. After having defined the NAO flavors, composites of winter temperature and precipitation over Europe are created for each one of them. The results reveal significant differences between NAO flavors in terms of their effects on the European climate. Generally, the eastwardly shifted NAO patterns induce a stronger than average influence on European temperatures. In contrast, the effects of NAO flavors on European precipitation anomalies are less coherent, with various areas responding differently. These results confirm that not only the temporal, but also the spatial variability of NAO is important in regulating European climate.

Nautical Tourism in the North Atlantic

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-222
Author(s):  
Luís Silveira ◽  
Norberto Santos ◽  
Claudete Oliveira Moreira ◽  
Rui Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The archipelago of the Azores only recently (late 20th century) began to select tourism as one of the levers for the development of the territory. Although nature tourism is the main tourist product, other products have been determined to complement the territory's characteristics. Among them is nautical tourism, specifically yacht tourism. This tourism segment generates multiple economic opportunities, directly and indirectly. In the Azores, development of nautical tourism centered on the expansion and construction of marinas, providing seven of the nine islands with at least one such structure. Construction of the new marinas did not decrease the number of yachts and crew using the old ones. In fact, these numbers increased in practically all marinas and islands. Most yachtsmen are European, and an average of almost four people per yacht visit the Azores between April and October.

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