Croissance juvénile comparée de deux générations successives de semis d'épinette noire issus de graines après feu en forêt boréale, Québec

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1478-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Fantin ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
The 19Th Century

The objective of this study was to compare juvenile (0–12 years) height growth pattern of dominant mature trees from two virgin black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests established during the 19th century (1870) to that of young dominant black spruce seedlings newly regenerated following a 1983 fire on the same sites. The pattern was reconstructed by measuring the distance between terminal bud scars on young seedlings, and by precise counting of growth rings by cross-dating from the collar, which was identified by anatomical features, for mature trees. New seedlings growth was significantly higher than that of mature trees. Seedlings were almost twice as high as mature trees after 12 years of juvenile growth. Assuming that mature trees were dominant during their juvenile growth phase, we put forward the hypothesis that juvenile height growth of mature trees would have been affected by the combined action of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)) and colder climatic conditions than those presently observed. Also, young seedlings juvenile height growth may have been favored by nitrogen soil enrichment along with more favourable climatic conditions.

Dynamique de la régénération d'une pessière à lichen dans la zone de la pessière noire à mousses, nord du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (Québec)

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Riverin ◽  
Réjean Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Population History ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Open Forests

Regeneration dynamics have been studied in three open lichen–spruce woodlands located in the black spruce feather-moss forest zone. Black spruces (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) belonging to the adult stratum originated from a fire that occurred in 1877. Population history and ecology has been studied on the basis of the establishment period of individuals. The age of black spruces belonging to the regeneration stratum was calculated by using the cross-dating method. The establishment period of the seedlings was determined by the age structure. The black spruces of these open forests belong to two different populations. The adult population originated from the 1877 fire whereas the regeneration population seems to have established itself following another fire that occurred in 1922–1923. Black spruce seedlings of the regeneration stratum are very old (60 years-old on average) in spite of a low height (mean height of 96 cm). Although these open forests are under favourable climatic conditions, they have dynamics similar to lichen–spruce woodlands of the taiga zone. In the last 45 years, no seedlings have settled in these sparse forests.

Morphometric, allometric, and developmentally adaptive traits in red spruce and black spruce. II. Seedling and mature tree assessment of controlled intra- and inter-specific hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
Debby C Barsi ◽  
Moira Campbell ◽  
Om P Rajora
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Species Effect

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic nature of morphometric, allometric, and developmental traits in controlled intra- and inter-specific hybrid crosses of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). We examined 1-year-old greenhouse-grown seedlings and 22-year-old mature trees that were part of the same set of controlled crosses performed in the early 1970s. Seed weight had a strong female species effect. Mean cotyledon number and germination time had a very strong hybrid index effect. F1 interspecific hybrids showed negative heterosis in mature tree height, whereas hybrid index 25, a black spruce backcross, produced positive heterosis for seedling and mature tree height growth. Correlations of mean height of seedlings with mean height of mature trees on two sites were remarkably high (r = 0.918 and r = 0.968) when tested by hybrid index. Any cross having black spruce as the female or male parent had significantly higher height growth than those with red spruce as either female or male parent. Of the five hybrid indices, hybrid index 0 (black spruce) had the highest biomass allocation to stem wood and hybrid index 100 (red spruce) had the highest allocation to roots.

scholarly journals Juvenile growth of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) stands established during endemic and epidemic attacks by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clemens]) in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Krause ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Pierre-Y. Plourde
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands

In the boreal forest of Quebec, 80% of harvested black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) stands regenerate naturally. In the remaining 20%, forest regeneration is ensured by planting seedlings and these plantations are expected to increase future forest yields. However, predictions of future yields using the information from very young plantations in this ecosystem may have low accuracy. To compare juvenile growth in plantations versus naturally regenerated stands, and also to evaluate the impacts of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) defoliation periods during the juvenile phase, annual height and volume growth were calculated from measurements on nine black spruce stands. The nine sites consisted of two plantations and seven post-fire, naturally regenerated stands. Of the seven naturally regenerated sites, four were epidemic and 3 endemic. The term “epidemic” refers to stands regenerated during known spruce budworm defoliation periods. The term “endemic” refers to stands regenerated during periods without severe defoliation. For height and volume growth, 5 different methods were used and compared. The annual height and volume growth of all black spruce showed a sigmoid trend, characterized by low values in the first years after germination, followed by an exponential acceleration and finally oscillation around a horizontal asymptote. The black spruce stands established during endemic periods were more productive than those established during epidemic periods, but plantations were the most productive. Key words: black spruce, juvenile growth, plantation, post-fire stands, spruce budworm outbreak, volume, yield

Light Rings in Subarctic Conifers as a Dendrochronological Tool

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Filion ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Line Gauthier ◽  
Yves Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Effect ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Light Ring

Light rings are characterized by one or a very few latewood-cell layers, an indication of shortened growing seasons, and are particularly frequent in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) at the treeline in Québec. The construction of a light-ring chronology spanning the period AD 1398–1982 showed that the highest frequency (>25%) of light rings among 160 trees and krummholz occurred in 1593, 1620, 1634, 1784, 1816, 1817, 1853, 1969, and 1972. These diagnostic rings be a useful cross-dating tool for dendroecologists working with living and dead krummholz with a low-growth variability. About two-thirds of the 65 light-ring years coincide with years (or triads) of major volcanic eruptions. The climatic conditions (low temperature) occurring at the end of the growing season, in part induced by the climatic effect of volcanism, seem to initiate light rings.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

SEASONAL DAMAGE BY INSECTS AND SQUIRRELS TO FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES OF BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MILL.) B.S.P.

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Prévost ◽  
J.E. Laing ◽  
V.F. Haavisto
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Cone Axis ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cone Growth

AbstractThe seasonal damage to female reproductive structures (buds, flowers, and cones) of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., was assessed during 1983 and 1984. Nineteen insects (five Orders) and the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben), were found feeding on these reproductive structures. Collectively, these organisms damaged 88.9 and 53.5% of the cones in 1983 and 1984, respectively. In the 2 years, Lepidoptera damaged 61.8% of the cones in 1983 and 44.4% of the cones in 1984. The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria reniculelloides Mut. and Mun., were the most important pests. Cones damaged by Lepidoptera could be classed into three categories: (a) severe, yielding no seeds; (b) moderate, yielding 22.3 seeds per cone; and (c) light, yielding 37.5 seeds per cone. Undamaged cones yielded on average 39.9 seeds per cone. Red squirrels removed 18.8% of the cones in 1983 and none in 1984. The spruce cone axis midge, Dasineura rachiphaga Tripp, and the spruce cone maggot, Lasiomma anthracinum (Czerny), caused minor damage in both years. Feeding by spruce cone axis midge did not reduce cone growth significantly or the number of viable seeds per cone, but feeding by the spruce cone maggot did. During both years new damage by insects to the female reproductive structures of the experimental trees was not observed after mid-July. In 1983 damage by red squirrels occurred from early to late September. In 1984 damage to cones on trees treated with dimethoate was 15.6% compared with 53.5% for untreated trees, without an increase in the number of aborted cones.

Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
Claire L. Riddell ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.

Survival and Growth of Planted Black Spruce, Alder, Aspen and Willow After Fire on Black Spruce/Feather Moss Sites in Interior Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Rodney A. Norum ◽  
Christian E. Teutsch ◽  
Roseann Densmore
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Seedlings of black spruce, aspen, green alder, and grayleaf willow planted on black spruce/feather moss sites in the boreal forest in interior Alaska survived and grew relatively well over a 6-year period after prescribed burning. Survival of black spruce was significantly greater than that of the broad-leaved species, but height growth was significantly less. Development of feltleaf willow and balsam poplar from unrooted cuttings was poor. Severity of burn appeared to have an important effect on height growth of all species but not on seedling survival. Key words: Planting, Picea, Alnus, Populus, Salix, microsite.

Recent Changes of Nordbogletscher and Nordgletscher, Johan Dahl Land, South Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Tvis Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
Surface Changes

Generally, outlet glaciers from the Inland Ice in South Greenland have retreated and thinned considerably since the 19th century. A sector in Johan Dahl Land, comprising the glaciers Nordbogletscher, Nordgletscher, and Eqalorutsit kangigdlît sermiat, has no trim-line zones. These glaciers have probably reached their most advanced position in historical time and are advancing further. Marginal and surface changes of the glaciers, over the last 30 years, are determined, using topographic maps based on aerial photographs taken in 1953, 1977, and 1981 and compared with ablation and surface movement of ice measured at stakes, established in 1978 at Nordbogletscher. The conclusion, made on the basis of the observations, is that the advance is the result of a higher transport rate of ice from the accumulation area than can ablate during the summers in the ablation area, under prevailing climatic conditions.

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