The thermal regimes of brook trout incubation habitats and evidence of changes during forestry operations

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Allen Curry ◽  
David A Scruton ◽  
Keith D Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Thermal Regimes

The thermal regimes in streambed substrates used by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, for incubation of embryos were examined in reference and treatment (0- and 20-m riparian buffer strips) streams in a clear-cut harvested, northern temperate forest of western Newfoundland. In these streams, incubation habitats (redds) were primarily composed of downwelling surface waters with variable but minor mixing of upwelling groundwater. The resulting incubation temperatures were cold (<1°C) and surface water temperatures were accurate predictors of redd temperatures. Both treatment streams displayed evidence of warming in the fall and spring of the 2 years beginning the year of initial harvesting. The increase was most pronounced in the stream without a riparian buffer strip. Clear-cut harvesting with and without a riparian buffer strip altered the thermal regime of surface water and the hyporheic zone in this northern temperate forest where, in addition to salmonid incubation, many biological processes take place. The potential for impacts on stream ecosystems is estimated to be high for the managed forests of this region. Future studies should strive to enhance our understanding of the hydrological connections between forests and streams on this landscape to determine the full effects of timber harvesting on the hydrology and biology of a watershed and its streams.

Response to clear-cut logging by northern waterthrushes

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G Warkentin ◽  
Allison L Fisher ◽  
Stephen P Flemming ◽  
Shawn E Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Riparian Buffer Strips ◽  
Treatment Interaction

We examined the distribution and foraging behaviour of northern waterthrushes (Seiurus noveboracensis) in recently harvested and intact landscapes of Newfoundland. Data were collected along six 1-km segments of stream and adjoining upland habitat resulting in four treatments (harvested or intact, upland or stream) with three replicates each. Although known as a riparian specialist, we found waterthrush territories equally distributed across intact upland and riparian habitats. However, few waterthrushes occupied harvested uplands, while large numbers packed into riparian buffer strips adjacent to these 5- to 10-year-old postharvest clearcuts. Arthropod abundance and biomass were highly variable between years and across the four treatments, generating significant year × treatment interaction effects. Riparian habitat (in both intact and harvested areas) had consistently greater numbers of arthropod prey and more biomass than either upland habitat type. Northern waterthrushes foraging in riparian habitat adjacent to harvested uplands had lower attack rates and more frequent long flights than waterthrushes foraging in the intact treatment types. Prolonged packing of individuals into riparian buffer strips, and apparent adverse affects on waterthrush foraging efficiency, raise concerns about the effectiveness of buffer strips for sustaining viable populations of terrestrial riparian habitat specialists.

Effects of Winter Floods on Fishes in the Sierra Nevada

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Erman ◽  
Edmund D. Andrews ◽  
Michael Yoder-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
The Impact

Winter floods in the Sierra Nevada mountains kill age 0 class brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi) because bed-material transport increases greatly when high flows are constrained by snow banks. In February 1982, dead Paiute sculpin were collected while sampling bedload during a rain-on-snow flood. Population estimates by electrofishing at nine permanent stations the following summer showed that density (3586∙ha−1) and biomass(12.9 kg∙ha−1) of Paiute sculpin were lower than the respective means (12 017∙ha−1 and 40.3 kg∙ha−1) obtained during previous studies from 1952 to 1961. These estimates were also below those obtained in 1956, after the largest winter flood from 1952 to 1961. Brook trout fry were also less abundant in 1982 than previously reported. Maximum flow depth, rather than discharge, were the likely cause offish mortality. Winter floods are severe because accumulated snowpack increases the effective height of the streambank and confines most or all of a rain-on-snow flood within the channel. Shear forces on the bed increase and as a result bed-material transport increases rapidly. These conditions directfy kill many benthic-living fishes such as the Paiute sculpin or buried eggs of fall-spawning fishes such as the brook trout by mechanical grinding or crushing. The impact of snow-constrained floods was not uniform along Sagehen Creek due to patchiness in types of riparian canopy. The relationship among canopy cover, snow accumulation, and winter floods points to one more critical role that buffer strips may play in ameliorating effects of timber harvesting.

Grassed buffer strips as nitrate diffuse pollution remediation tools: management impact on the denitrification enzyme activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cors ◽  
B. Tychon
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Denitrification Enzyme Activity

The management of grassed buffer strips proved to be an efficient remediation technique in controlling nitrogen losses to surface water. In south Belgium, agri-environmental policies have encouraged farmers to seed buffer strips along rivers, in zones where the soil was previously devoted to agricultural production. We wanted to assess how important denitrification is in a buffer strip in comparison with a cropped field. The study investigated the denitrifiying enzyme activity (DEA) of two contiguous buffer strips with different management stories. The eastern part of the buffer strip was seeded in 1999. The western part of the buffer strip is a piece of crop field abandoned by the farmer 20 years ago and not managed for the last 10 years. This experimental study demonstrates that the denitrification enzyme activity in a riparian buffer strip is significantly higher than in the adjacent cropped field (3.67 and 2.12 mgNkg–1d−1 respectively). The DEA was significantly different between the two buffer strips under comparison, assessing that the management of the buffer strips has a dominant effect on DEA. The old unmown buffer strip is potentially more efficient in the nitrate removal process than the 6-year-old seeded buffer strip.

scholarly journals Soil N2O and CH4 Emissions From Fodder Maize Production With and Without Riparian Buffer Strips of Differing Vegetation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Dlamini ◽  
Laura Cardenas ◽  
Eyob Tesfamariam ◽  
Robert Dunn ◽  
Jess Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Buffer Control

Abstract Purpose: Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are some of the most important greenhouse gases of the 21st century. Vegetated riparian buffers are primarily implemented for their water quality functions in agroecosystems and their location in the agricultural landscape allows them to intercept and process pollutants from immediately adjacent agricultural land. They recycle increase soil carbon (C), intercept nitrogen (N)-rich runoff from adjacent croplands, and are seasonally anoxic, promoting processes producing environmentally harmful gases including N2O and CH4. Against this context, the study quantified these atmospheric losses between a cropland and vegetated riparian buffers that serve it.Methods: We used the static chamber to measure N2O and CH4 emissions simultaneously with soil. Gas measurements were done simulataneously with soil and environmental variables for a 6-month period in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. Results: The no-buffer control generated the largest cumulative N2O emissions of 18 929 g ha-1 (95% confidence intervals: 524.1 - 63 643) whilst the maize crop upslope generated the largest cumulative CH4 emissions of 5 050 ± 875 g ha-1. Soil N2O and CH4-based global warming potential (GWP) were lower in the willow (1223.5 ± 362.0 and 134.7 ± 74.0 kg CO2-eq. ha-1 year-1, respectively) and woodland (1771.3 ± 800.5 and 3.4 ± 35.9 kg CO2-eq. ha-1 year-1, respectively) riparian buffers.. Conclusions: Our results suggest that maize production in general, and situations where such cropping is not undertaken in tandem with a riparian buffer strip, result in atmospheric CH4 and N2O concerns.

scholarly journals The Effects of Pedestrian Environments on Walking Behaviors and Perception of Pedestrian Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8728
Author(s):  
Byoung-Suk Kweon ◽  
Jody Rosenblatt-Naderi ◽  
Christopher D. Ellis ◽  
Woo-Hwa Shin ◽  
Blair H. Danies
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Walk To School ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Environment Experiment

We investigated the effects of pedestrian environments on parents’ walking behavior, their perception of pedestrian safety, and their willingness to let their children walk to school. This study was a simulated walking environment experiment that created six different pedestrian conditions using sidewalks, landscape buffers, and street trees. We used within subjects design where participants were exposed to all six simulated conditions. Participants were 26 parents with elementary school children. Sidewalks, buffer strips, and street trees affected parents’ decisions to: walk themselves; let their children walk to school; evaluate their perception whether the simulated environment was safe for walking. We found that the design of pedestrian environments does affect people’s perceptions of pedestrian safety and their willingness to walk. The presence of a sidewalk, buffer strip, and street trees affected parents’ decision to walk, their willingness to let their children walk to school and perceived the pedestrian environment as safer for walking. The effects of trees on parents’ walking and perception of pedestrian safety are greater when there is a wide buffer rather than a narrow buffer. It was found that parents are more cautious about their children’s walking environments and safety than their own.

scholarly journals PREDICTABILITY IN THE PRODUCTIVE PROCESS OF THINNING AND CLEARCUTTING MECHANIZED OPERATIONS IN Pinus taeda L.

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Bruna Martins Garcia ◽  
Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares ◽  
Jean Alberto Sampietro ◽  
Caroline Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Some organizations in the Brazilian forestry sector, especially in the activities carried out in forest stands, do not follow the development pace of other industries and the adoption rate of management and quality methodologies and tools. This study aimed to evaluate the predictability of timber harvesting process based on critical points identified in the selective thinning and clear cut operations. Interviews and Pareto chart were used, for the identification and evaluation of the critical points, respectively, and for the evaluation of the process, it was used the Statistical Process Control (SPC) by attributes and variables in the main failures. In the interviews conducted with workers, seven critical points were identified. The evaluation with Pareto chart showed that 80% of the failures identified during harvest are attributed to the damage to the remaining trees, sorting (measures of length and diameter of the product) and stump height. Among the possible causes of the critical points are problems with employees’ training, regular maintenance of machinery and operations planning. In the evaluation with the CEP, the control charts indicated that the sorting and stump height, although within the limits specified by the company, was considered unstable and unpredictable

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