A practical modification of horizontal line sampling for snag and cavity tree inventory

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Ducey ◽  
G J Jordan ◽  
J H Gove ◽  
H T Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Unbiased Estimators ◽  
Line Sampling ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Cavity Tree ◽  
Better Than

Snags and cavity trees are important structural features in forests, but they are often sparsely distributed, making efficient inventories problematic. We present a straightforward modification of horizontal line sampling designed to facilitate inventory of these features while remaining compatible with commonly employed sampling methods for the living overstory. The method is simpler in its implementation than traditional horizontal line sampling. We develop unbiased estimators and present methods for dealing with special cases, including boundary overlap. A field test of the method shows it to have time efficiency comparable with or better than ordinary prism cruising, and it requires far fewer sample locations to achieve similar confidence limits. The method may also be useful for inventorying other rare or unusual trees.

ON TWO PROBLEMS OF ASYMMETRIC QUANTUM CODES

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450017 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUIHU LI ◽  
GEN XU ◽  
LUOBIN GUO
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Bch Code ◽  
Quantum Codes ◽  
Quantum Code ◽  
Asymmetric Quantum ◽  
Asymmetric Quantum Codes ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we discuss two problems on asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQECCs). The first one is on the construction of a [[12, 1, 5/3]]2 asymmetric quantum code, we show an impure [[12, 1, 5/3 ]]2 exists. The second one is on the construction of AQECCs from binary cyclic codes, we construct many families of new asymmetric quantum codes with dz> δ max +1 from binary primitive cyclic codes of length n = 2m-1, where δ max = 2⌈m/2⌉-1 is the maximal designed distance of dual containing narrow sense BCH code of length n = 2m-1. A number of known codes are special cases of the codes given here. Some of these AQECCs have parameters better than the ones available in the literature.

scholarly journals Simple Method for Estimating the Contribution of Neighbouring n-beam Interactions to Two-beam Structure Factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
HJ Juretschke ◽  
HK Wagenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Structure Factor ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Experimental Configuration ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Better Than

Unless special precautions are taken, the experimental determination of two-beam structure factors to better than 1 % may include contributions from neighbouring n-beam interactions. In any particular experimental configuration, corrections for such contributions are easily carried out using the modified two-beam structure factor formalism developed recently (Juretschke 1984), once the full indexing of the pertinent n-beam interactions is known. The method is illustrated for both weak and strong primary reflections and its applicability in special cases, as well as for less than perfect crystals, is discussed.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Sulfonamide-Derived Triazoles and Bioactivity Exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Chao He ◽  
Hui-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hai-Juan Zhang ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Cheng-He Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chlorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Due to the incidence of resistance, a series of sulfonamide-derived 1,2,4- triazoles were synthesized and evaluated. Method: The novel sulfonamide-derived 1,2,4-triazoles were prepared starting from commercial acetaniline and chlorosulfonic acid by sulfonylation, aminolysis, N-alkylation and so on. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro by two-fold serial dilution technique. Results: In vitro antimicrobial evaluation found that 2-chlorobenzyl sulfonamide 1,2,4-triazole 7c exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against MRSA, B. subtilis, B. typhi and E. coli with MIC values of 0.02−0.16 μmol/mL, which were comparable or even better than Chloromycin. The preliminary mechanism suggested that compound 7c could effectively bind with DNA, and also it could bind with human microsomal heme through hydrogen bonds in molecular docking. Computational chemical studies were performed on compound 7c to understand the structural features that are essential for activity. Additionally, compound 7c could generate a small amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion: Compound 7c could serve as a potential clinical antimicrobial candidate.

Corrections to the Luni-Solar Precession From Radio Positions of Extragalactic Objects

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
H. G. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Very Long Baseline Interferometry ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Independent Observation ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Better Than

In an attempt of a realization of the radio reference frame a compilation catalogue of positions is derived from independent observation catalogues of extragalactic objects the coordinates of which had been determined by means of Very Long Baseline Interferometry. The compilation catalogue comprises 209 objects which are divided into a core consisting of 50 objects having mean positional accuracies of 0.5 milliseconds of arc (mas) and an extension with positional accuracies better than 2 mas. Comparison of this catalogue with an independent compilation catalogue led to confidence limits at the 1 mas level. - The compilation catalogue is supposed to represent a static reference frame of fixed extragalactic points. As the epochs of the contributing observations span nearly 10 years it was tried to interpret the apparent motion of the fixed points recognizable in the observation catalogues as an effect of luni-solar precession. The pilot study points at a reduction of the conventional value of about 2 mas per year.

scholarly journals (2n-1)-Point Ternary Approximating and Interpolating Subdivision Schemes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Formula ◽  
Error Bounds ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Subdivision Schemes ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Better Than

We present an explicit formula which unifies the mask of(2n-1)-point ternary interpolating as well as approximating subdivision schemes. We observe that the odd point ternary interpolating and approximating schemes introduced by Lian (2009), Siddiqi and Rehan (2010, 2009) and Hassan and Dodgson (2003) are special cases of our proposed masks/schemes. Moreover, schemes introduced by Zheng et al. (2009) can easily be generated by our proposed masks. It is also proved from comparison that(2n-1)-point schemes are better than2n-scheme in the sense of computational cost, support and error bounds.

Detection and quantification of non-milk fat in mixtures of milk and non-milk fats

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Timms
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Triglyceride Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Pure Milk ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe triglyceride compositions of 76 Australian milk fats obtained from 3 factories during a whole year were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. It was shown that all the data fitted the equationwith a S.D. of of 0·7088 where C40, C42 and C44 are the weight percentages of triglycerides with carbon numbers 40, 42 and 44. The triglyceride compositions of 10 samples of milk fat from countries other than Australia were also shown to fit the equation. If the equation is assumed to define pure milk fat, it is shown that as little as 5% of any non-milk fats can be detected with > 99% confidence. The amount of non-milk fat in mixtures of milk and non-milk fats can be quantified to better than ±2% with > 95% confidence. Also, the identity of the non-milk fat can usually be deduced by calculation of its triglyceride composition. Analyses of known mixtures and of chocolate and a table spread comprising butter and vegetable oil showed an agreement between observed and expected results well within the predicted confidence limits.

scholarly journals In Silico Screening of Semi-Synthesized Compounds as Potential Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease: Pharmacophoric Features, Molecular Docking, ADMET, Toxicity and DFT Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6593
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Alesawy ◽  
Eslam B. Elkaeed ◽  
Aisha A. Alsfouk ◽  
Ahmed M. Metwaly ◽  
Ibrahim. H. Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Essential Enzyme ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Molecular Electrostatic Potential Maps ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Binding Free Energies

Papain-like protease is an essential enzyme in the proteolytic processing required for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, such an enzyme is an important target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents which may reduce the mortality associated with outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. A set of 69 semi-synthesized molecules that exhibited the structural features of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors (PLPI) were docked against the coronavirus papain-like protease (PLpro) enzyme (PDB ID: (4OW0). Docking studies showed that derivatives 34 and 58 were better than the co-crystallized ligand while derivatives 17, 28, 31, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, and 65 exhibited good binding modes and binding free energies. The pharmacokinetic profiling study was conducted according to the four principles of the Lipinski rules and excluded derivative 31. Furthermore, ADMET and toxicity studies showed that derivatives 28, 34, and 47 have the potential to be drugs and have been demonstrated as safe when assessed via seven toxicity models. Finally, comparing the molecular orbital energies and the molecular electrostatic potential maps of 28, 34, and 47 against the co-crystallized ligand in a DFT study indicated that 28 is the most promising candidate to interact with the target receptor (PLpro).

scholarly journals DeepNGlyPred: A Deep Neural Network-Based Approach for Human N-Linked Glycosylation Site Prediction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7314
Author(s):  
Subash C. Pakhrin ◽  
Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita ◽  
Doina Caragea ◽  
Dukka B. KC
Keyword(s):  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Better Than

Protein N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that plays an important role in a myriad of biological processes. Computational prediction approaches serve as complementary methods for the characterization of glycosylation sites. Most of the existing predictors for N-linked glycosylation utilize the information that the glycosylation site occurs at the N-X-[S/T] sequon, where X is any amino acid except proline. Not all N-X-[S/T] sequons are glycosylated, thus the N-X-[S/T] sequon is a necessary but not sufficient determinant for protein glycosylation. In that regard, computational prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites confined to N-X-[S/T] sequons is an important problem. Here, we report DeepNGlyPred a deep learning-based approach that encodes the positive and negative sequences in the human proteome dataset (extracted from N-GlycositeAtlas) using sequence-based features (gapped-dipeptide), predicted structural features, and evolutionary information. DeepNGlyPred produces SN, SP, MCC, and ACC of 88.62%, 73.92%, 0.60, and 79.41%, respectively on N-GlyDE independent test set, which is better than the compared approaches. These results demonstrate that DeepNGlyPred is a robust computational technique to predict N-Linked glycosylation sites confined to N-X-[S/T] sequon. DeepNGlyPred will be a useful resource for the glycobiology community.

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