Growth, physiology, and leachate losses in Picea glauca seedlings (1+0) grown in air-slit containers under different irrigation regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1968-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Lamhamedi ◽  
Gil Lambany ◽  
Hank Margolis ◽  
Mario Renaud ◽  
Linda Veilleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Lower Height

In production tunnels, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to manage irrigation and leaching by controlling water content in the rhizosphere of air-slit containerized white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings (1+0). Seedlings were exposed to four irrigation regimes (v/v: IR-60%, IR-45%, IR-30%, and IR-15%) during the first growing season to assess IR effects on growth, gas exchange, nutrient uptake, carbohydrates, root architecture, and leaching. In the province of Quebec, seedling producers generally maintain a high substrate water content (>50%, v/v) during all growth phases. The accuracy and feasibility of using TDR to decrease irrigation without affecting the material attributes of the seedlings at the end of the first growing season was confirmed. However, seedlings grown under IR-15% had significantly lower height, root collar diameter, shoot and root dry masses, root surface, root length, net photosynthesis, and nutrient contents than seedlings grown under IR-30%, IR-45%, and IR-60%. In comparison with IR-30% and IR-45%, the application of IR-60% produced no increase in shoot or root growth, mineral nutrition, and carbohydrates. Seedlings grown under IR-15%, IR-30%, and IR-45% used approximately 28, 37, and 46%, respectively, of the amount of water applied under IR-60%. Nutrient losses including anions and cations under IR-60% were higher in comparison with the other IRs. Maintaining a water content in the rhizosphere that changes with the stage of seedling development is suggested to optimize growth and to avoid excess irrigation and leaching.

scholarly journals Irrigation Control and Physiological Responses of Nursery-grown Black Spruce Seedlings (1+0) Cultivated in Air-slit Containers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onil Bergeron ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier ◽  
Debra C. Stowe
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

Air-slit containerized (IPL 25-350A) black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill) BSP; 1+0] seedlings, were subjected to four irrigation regimes (IR-15%, IR-30%, IR-45%, and IR-60%, by volume, cm3 water/cm3 substrate) under tunnel conditions in a forest nursery. Irrigation regimes were controlled by time-domain reflectometry during the first growing season. With exception of midday water potential, water relation and gas exchange variables were unaffected by substrate water content. There were no significant differences in height, diameter or number of needle primordia of the seedlings grown under IR-15%, IR-30%, and IR-45%. Seedlings grown in a substrate with a high water content (IR-60%) had lower oven-dry biomass and higher cuticular transpiration rates than seedlings grown under the three other irrigation regimes. Root hydraulic conductivity was not affected by irrigation regime, but showed a general decrease towards the end of the growing season. Variation in root hydraulic conductivity was most likely related to root growth and degree of lignification. Seedlings that had been exposed to IR-60% during the first growing season remained smaller than the other seedlings throughout the second growing season. Results of this study indicate that nursery managers can reduce the quantity of irrigation water used without significantly affecting the growth or physiology of air-slit containerized black spruce seedlings (1+0) grown under tunnel conditions.

Effets de différentes régies d'irrigation sur la croissance, la nutrition minérale et le lessivage des éléments nutritifs des semis d'épinette noire (1+0) produits en récipients à parois ajourées en pépinière forestière

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S Lamhamedi ◽  
Hank Margolis ◽  
Mario Renaud ◽  
Linda Veilleux ◽  
Isabelle Auger
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Forest Nurseries

To reduce the quantity of irrigation water used and the amount of mineral nutrients lost because of leaching, we used time domain reflectometry to monitor and maintain four irrigation regimes (15, 30, 45 and 60%, v/v) during the first growing season for 1+0 black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings. The seedlings were produced in air-slit containers (IPL 25–350A), filled with a peat substrate and were grown under a polyethylene tunnel at a forest nursery. Similar fertility levels were maintained in all four irrigation regimes even though the water content of the substrate could be very low (15 and 30%). Irrigation regime did not affect growth, root architecture or tissue nutrient contents at the end of the growing season. Monitoring water use over the course of the growing season clearly showed that the amount of irrigation water could be reduced by 62 to 76% without compromising seedling quality relative to the 60% irrigation regime. Leachate losses varied exponentially as a function of irrigation regime. The mean amount of water leached, relative to the quantity of water applied during the sampling period, was 10, 7.1, 28.4, and 62.2% for the 15, 30, 45, and 60% irrigation regimes, respectively. The losses of mineral nitrogen at the beginning of August were 49.7, 35.9, 55.2, and 88.2%, respectively, for the 15, 30, 45, and 60% irrigation regimes. To optimize irrigation and decrease leaching, a dynamic model for irrigation management is proposed that accounts for the phenological development of black spruce seedlings grown under tunnel conditions in forest nurseries.

CO2 stimulation and response mechanisms vary with light supply in boreal conifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Sahari Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses ◽  
Light Effects

Abstract Aims Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) are congeneric species. Both are moderately shade tolerant and widely distributed across North American boreal forests. Methods To understand light effects on their ecophysiological responses to elevated [CO2], 1-year old seedlings were exposed to 360 and 720 µmol mol -1 [CO2] at three light conditions (100, 50 and 30% of full light in the greenhouse). Foliar gas exchanges were measured in the mid- and late-growing season. Important Findings Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthesis (Pn) and photosynthetic water use efficiency, but it reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. The stimulation of photosynthesis by CO2 was greatest at 50% light and smallest at 100%. Photosynthesis, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and light saturated rate of electron transport (Jmax) all decreased with decreasing light. Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced Vcmax across all light treatments and both species in mid-growing season. However, the effect of elevated [CO2] became insignificant at 30% light later in the growing season, with the response being greater in black spruce than in white spruce. Elevated [CO2] also reduced Jmax in white spruce in both measurements while the effect became insignificant at 30% light later in the growing season. However, the effect on black spruce varied with time. Elevated [CO2] reduced Jmax in black spruce in mid-growing season in all light treatments and the effect became insignificant at 30% light later in the growing season, while it increased Jmax later in the season at 100% and 50% light. These results suggest that both species benefited from elevated CO2, and that the responses varied with light supply, such that the response was primarily physiological at 100% and 50% light, while it was primarily morphological at 30% light.

Growth, physiology, and leachate losses in Picea glauca seedlings (1+0) grown in air-slit containers under different irrigation regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1968-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Lamhamedi ◽  
Gil Lambany ◽  
Hank Margolis ◽  
Mario Renaud ◽  
Linda Veilleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

scholarly journals Three-dimensional monitoring of soil water content in a maize field using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beff ◽  
T. Günther ◽  
B. Vandoorne ◽  
V. Couvreur ◽  
M. Javaux
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Maize Field

Abstract. A good understanding of the soil water content (SWC) distribution at the field scale is essential to improve the management of water, soil and crops. Recent studies proved that Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) opens interesting perspectives in the determination of the SWC distribution in 3 dimensions (3-D). This study was conducted (i) to check and validate how ERT is able to monitor SWC distribution in a maize field during the late growing season; and (ii) to investigate how maize plants and rainfall affect the dynamics of SWC distribution. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements were used to validate ERT-inverted SWC values. Evolution of water mass balance was also calculated to check whether ERT was capable of giving a reliable estimate of soil water stock evolution. It is observed that ERT was able to give the same average SWC as TDR (R2 = 0.98). In addition, ERT gives better estimates of the water stock than TDR thanks to its higher spatial resolution. The high resolution of ERT measurements also allows for the discrimination of SWC heterogeneities. The SWC distribution showed that alternation of maize rows and inter-rows was the main influencing factor of the SWC distribution. The drying patterns were linked to the root profiles, with drier zones under the maize rows. During short periods, with negligible rainfall, the SWC decrease took place mainly in the two upper soil horizons and in the inter-row area. In contrast, rainfall increased the SWC mostly under the maize rows and in the upper soil layer. Nevertheless, the total amount of rainfall during the growing season was not sufficient to modify the SWC patterns induced by the maize rows. During the experimental time, there was hardly any SWC redistribution from maize rows to inter-rows. Yet, lateral redistribution from inter-rows to maize rows induced by potential gradient generates SWC decrease in the inter-row area and in the deeper soil horizons.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional monitoring of soil water content in a maize field using electrical resistivity tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8535-8578 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beff ◽  
T. Günther ◽  
B. Vandoorne ◽  
V. Couvreur ◽  
M. Javaux
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Maize Field

Abstract. A good understanding of the soil water content (SWC) distribution at the field scale is essential to improve the management of water, soil and crops. Recent studies proved that electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) opens interesting perspectives in the determination of the SWC distribution in 3 dimensions (3-D). We conducted this study (1) to check and validate the sensitivity of ERT for monitoring SWC distribution in a maize field during the late growing season; and (2) to investigate how maize plants and precipitations affect the dynamics of SWC distribution. We used time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements to validate ERT-inverted SWC values. We also calculated the evolution of water mass balance to check whether ERT was capable of giving a reliable estimate of soil water stock evolution. We observe that ERT is able to give the same average SWC as TDR (R2 = 0.98). In addition, we showed that ERT give better estimates of the water stock than TDR thanks to its higher spatial resolution. The high resolution of ERT measurements also allows the discrimination of SWC heterogeneities. The SWC distribution shows that alternation of maize rows and inter-rows is the main influencing factor of the SWC distribution. The drying patterns are linked to the root profiles, with drier zones under the maize rows. During small dry periods, the SWC decrease occurs mainly in the two upper soil horizons and in the inter-row area. At the opposite, precipitations increase the SWC mostly under the maize rows and at the upper soil layer. Nevertheless, the total amount of rainfall during the growing season is not sufficient to modify the SWC patterns induced by the maize rows. During the experimental time, the SWC redistribution hardly occurred from maize rows to the inter-rows but lateral redistribution from the inter-row to the maize rows induced by potential gradient generates SWC decrease in the inter-rows area and in the deeper soil horizons.

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