Prediction of stand susceptibility and gypsy moth defoliation in Coastal Plain mixed pine–hardwoods

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1914-1921
Author(s):  
C B Davidson ◽  
J E Johnson ◽  
K W Gottschalk ◽  
R L Amateis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stand Basal Area

The European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is an introduced defoliator that has become endemic in forests of the northeastern United States. During the last five decades, populations have continued to advance into the southeastern United States. Defoliation outbreaks continue to occur along the leading edge of the infestation, and the potential for extensive defoliation within southern forests remains. A field study was implemented in 1991 to determine the relationship between species composition and gypsy moth defoliation in Coastal Plain mixed pine–hardwood stands and to formulate a defoliation prediction model. Stands in both pine–oak and pine–sweetgum cover types were extensively defoliated during a single defoliation outbreak. Mean stand defoliation in the pine–oak type peaked at 42.6% in 1994, while mean defoliation in the pine–sweetgum type peaked at 32.8% in 1995. Defoliation intensity was significantly related to stand composition, with oaks and sweetgum being defoliated at the greatest intensities. Overall, pines were not heavily defoliated in either cover type. However, moderate to heavy defoliation of a small number of overstory pines was observed in some pine–oak stands and appeared to be due to a threshold level of oak defoliation (>80%). A nonlinear model for the prediction of mean total stand defoliation is also presented. Defoliation is predicted as a function of the number of gypsy moth egg masses, the number of years since the beginning of the outbreak, susceptible species basal area, pine basal area, and total stand basal area.

Selective herbicides for control of hen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata) in forests and natural areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Richard Cristan ◽  
Patrick J. Minogue ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Anna Osiecka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

AbstractHen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata Sims) is a shade-tolerant invasive shrub displacing native understory in forests of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Few studies have explored herbicide effectiveness on A. crenata, with foliar applications of triclopyr amine or triclopyr ester typically referenced as the standard treatments. This study evaluated efficacy of eight foliar herbicide treatments and a nontreated check at three locations at 12 mo after the first treatment (12MAT1) and 12 mo after the second treatment (12MAT2) on established (greater than 8-cm high) and seedling (less than 8-cm high) A. crenata. Treatments were four triclopyr formulations: amine, ester, choline, and acid (all at 4.04 kg ae ha−1); imazamox (1.12 and 2.24 kg ae ha−1); flumioxazin (0.43 kg ai ha−1); and triclopyr amine plus flumioxazin (4.04 + 0.43 kg ae ha−1). At 12MAT1, triclopyr ester, the high rate of imazamox, and triclopyr acid resulted in greater control of established A. crenata than any other herbicide (68%, 66%, and 64%, respectively). At 12MAT2, all herbicides except flumioxazin resulted in some control of A. crenata. Triclopyr ester, triclopyr acid, and the high rate of imazamox provided 95%, 93%, and 92% control, respectively. Triclopyr choline did not perform as well as the acid or ester formulations, and the tank mix of flumioxazin and triclopyr amine did not improve control over triclopyr amine alone. This study identified triclopyr acid and imazamox (2.24 kg ae ha−1) as new options for A. crenata control and indicated variation in the performance among the four triclopyr formulations.

scholarly journals Homophily and Social Capital in a Network of Religious Congregations

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. McClure
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Major Metropolitan Area ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the relationship between homophily, the tendency for relationships to be more common among similar actors, and social capital in a social network of religious congregations from eight counties encompassing and surrounding a major metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. This network is inter-congregational, consisting of congregations and the relationships between them. Two types of social capital are investigated: the first involves the extent to which congregations bridge across structural holes, or bridge together otherwise disconnected congregations within the network; secondly, network closure involves the extent to which congregations are embedded in tight-knit clusters. Analyses use two types of homophily (religious and racial) to predict both outcomes, and they test linear and curvilinear relationships between both forms of homophily and the outcomes. Results indicate that congregations with moderate levels of religious homophily are more likely to bridge between otherwise disconnected congregations; however, congregations with low or high religious homophily as well as congregations with high racial homophily are more likely to be embedded in tight-knit relational clusters. This article contributes additional social network research on congregations and evidence of curvilinear relationships between homophily and social capital to the fields of social network analysis and sociology of religion.

scholarly journals Storm-event flow pathways in lower coastal plain forested watersheds of the southeastern United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 8265-8280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Griffin ◽  
Timothy J. Callahan ◽  
Vijay M. Vulava ◽  
Thomas M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Event Flow ◽  
Lower Coastal Plain

scholarly journals Orange Cane Blotch of Commercial Blackberry in the Southeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Frances B. Browne ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen ◽  
Harald Scherm ◽  
Marin T. Brewer ◽  
Susan B. Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis

Orange cane blotch affects commercial blackberry production in the southeastern United States, mainly in the Coastal Plain region. The causal agent is a slow-growing parasitic alga, Cephaleuros virescens, which has a wide host range. Disease development is linked to the biennial growth pattern of blackberry, whereby symptoms appear in the early fall and algal lesions expand throughout the winter, spring, and early summer of the following year. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences suggests that blackberry isolates from different geographical locations cluster together and are genetically similar to each other and yet differ from isolates of C. virescens obtained from commercial blueberry.

An Analysis of Elemental Concentrations in Vegetation Bordering a Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Stream

Ecology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charels T. Garten ◽  
John B. Gentry ◽  
Rebecca R. Sharitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Elemental Concentrations

Quantitative Analysis of a Pathogen-Induced Premature Collapse of a “Leading Edge” Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Population in Virginia

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Webb ◽  
G. B. White ◽  
K. W. Thorpe ◽  
S. E. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Entomophaga Maimaiga ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Second Wave

The population dynamics of a “leading edge” (= at the edge of the expanding gypsy moth invasion) gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), population was monitored for 3 years (1995–97), with emphasis on the interactions of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) and the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, & Soper. Gypsy moth populations in the woodlots varied from very sparse to high (potentially defoliating) levels. LdNPV was strongly density dependent, being confirmed only from the higher populated woodlots. In contrast, the fungus was similarly active in both sparse and highly-populated woodlots. In 1995, the fungal epizootic developed late in the season, with most larvae succumbing during stadia 5–6 and producing mainly resting spores (azygospores). Estimated mortality due to fungus averaged 68% in high-density plots and 85% in low-density plots. LdNPV mortality occurred in a two-wave epizootic, although second-wave LdNPV mortality was undoubtedly reduced because of the reduction of late-season larvae due to fungus activity. Estimated mortality due to LdNPV averaged 14% in highly-populated plots and 1% in low-population plots. In 1996, high levels of fungal-induced mortality occurred earlier in the gypsy moth season than in the previous year. Most gypsy moth larvae in 1996 died in a mid-season wave of fungal-induced mortality, with necropsied cadavers containing only conidia. This resulted in relatively few larvae surviving to late instars. At this time, a second wave of fungus-induced mortality occurred, with over half of the necropsied cadavers containing resting spores. The depletion of the gypsy moth populations by the fungus in 1995 resulted in a greatly reduced first wave of LdNPV in all plots in 1996, and perhaps due to the early appearance of the fungus in 1996, LdNPV was nearly absent from late-season larvae collected from all plots. In 1997, gypsy moth populations were uniformly low, and no dead larvae were found in any of the plots.

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