Nutritional requirements of Xylella fastidiosa, which causes Pierce's disease in grapes

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Chang ◽  
R C Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Starting Point

A defined medium (XF-26) containing 3 inorganic salts, 2 tricarboxylic acids, 17 amino acids, potato starch, phenol red, and agar was used as the starting point for the study. Deletions of one or more ingredients were performed to prepare various media. A medium was considered able to support growth of Xylella fastidiosa strains responsible for Pierce's disease in grapes, only after 10 serial passages had been completed. Of 3 inorganic salts, K2HPO4 and MgSO4·7H2O were essential, and (NH4)2HPO4 was nonessential for growth. Of the Krebs cycle intermediates, all (citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate) but isocitrate supported growth of cultivated strains, whereas only citrate alone or citrate plus succinate supported the primary isolation of PD bacterium. Of 17 amino acids, 6 uncharged polar R groups (asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, serine, and threonine) supported growth, whereas 8 nonpolar R groups (alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, and valine) or 3 positively charged polar groups (arginine, histidine, and lysine) did not. Starch proved to be nonessential.Key words: Xylella fastidiosa, nutritional requirements.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa Strain Stag’s Leap

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
F. Wu ◽  
Z. Zheng ◽  
X. Deng ◽  
L. P. Burbank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Fastidiosa Strain

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa causes Pierce’s disease of grapevine. Presented here is the draft genome sequence of the Stag’s Leap strain, previously used in pathogenicity/virulence assays to evaluate grapevine germplasm bearing Pierce’s disease resistance and a phenotypic assessment of knockout mutants to determine gene function.

scholarly journals Grape Cultivar and Sap Culture Conditions Affect the Development of Xylella fastidiosa Phenotypes Associated with Pierce's Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0160978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Hao ◽  
Paulo A. Zaini ◽  
Harvey C. Hoch ◽  
Thomas J. Burr ◽  
Patricia Mowery
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Pierce’S Disease

Radicinin from Cochliobolus sp. inhibits Xylella fastidiosa , the causal agent of Pierce’s Disease of grapevine

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Aldrich ◽  
Philippe E. Rolshausen ◽  
M. Caroline Roper ◽  
Jordan M. Reader ◽  
Matthew J. Steinhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pierce’S Disease

scholarly journals Citrus and Coffee Strains of Xylella fastidiosa Induce Pierce's Disease in Grapevine

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1206-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-B Li ◽  
C. -H. Zhou ◽  
W. D. Pria ◽  
D. C. Teixeira ◽  
V. S. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Citrus Groves

Xylella fastidiosa causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease in Brazil and Pierce's disease of grapevines in the United States. Both of these diseases cause significant production problems in the respective industries. The recent establishment of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in California has radically increased the threat posed by Pierce's disease to California viticulture. Populations of this insect reach very high levels in citrus groves in California and move from the orchards into the vineyards, where they acquire inoculum and spread Pierce's disease in the vineyards. Here we show that strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in Brazil can incite symptoms of Pierce's disease after mechanical inoculation into seven commercial Vitis vinifera varieties grown in Brazil and California. Thus, any future introduction of the CVC strains of X. fastidiosa into the United States would pose a threat to both the sweet orange and grapevine industries. Previous work has clearly shown that the strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from Pierce's disease- and CVC-affected plants are the most distantly related of all strains in the diverse taxon X. fastidiosa. The ability of citrus strains of X. fastidiosa to incite disease in grapevine is therefore surprising and creates an experimental system with which to dissect mechanisms used by X. fastidiosa in plant colonization and disease development using the full genome sequence data that has recently become available for both the citrus and grapevine strains of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for One-Hour On-Site Diagnosis of Pierce's Disease of Grape in Early Season Asymptomatic Vines

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Schaad ◽  
D. Opgenorth ◽  
P. Gaush
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Molecular-based techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can reduce the time needed for diagnosis of plant diseases when compared with classical isolation and pathogenicity tests. However, molecular techniques still require 2 to 3 days to complete. To the best of our knowledge, we describe for the first time a real-time PCR technique using a portable Smart Cycler for one-hour on-site diagnosis of an asymptomatic plant disease. Pierce's disease (PD) of grape, caused by the fastidious bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causes serious losses in grapes in California and the southeastern United States. The disease has been difficult to diagnose because typical leaf scorching symptoms do not appear until late (June and after) in the season and the organism is very difficult to isolate early in the season. Sap and samples of macerated chips of secondary xylem from trunks of vines were used in a direct real-time PCR without extraction of DNA. Using two different sets of primers and probe, we diagnosed PD in 7 of 27 vines (26%) from four of six vineyards sampled 10 to 12 days after bud break in Kern, Tulare, and Napa counties of California. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Xylella fastidiosa from two of the original PCR positive samples and later from symptomatic leaf petioles of four out of four vines from one vineyard that were originally PCR positive.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Pierce's Disease Strains and Other Pathotypes of Xylella fastidiosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Hendson ◽  
Alexander H. Purcell ◽  
Deqiao Chen ◽  
Chris Smart ◽  
Magalie Guilhabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from grape, almond, maple, and oleander were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-, repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP)-, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR; contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis; plasmid content; and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. Combining methods gave greater resolution of strain groupings than any single method. Strains isolated from grape with Pierce's disease (PD) from California, Florida, and Georgia showed greater than previously reported genetic variability, including plasmid contents, but formed a cluster based on analysis of RAPD-PCR products,NotI and SpeI genomic DNA fingerprints, and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequence. Two groupings of almond leaf scorch (ALS) strains were distinguished by RAPD-PCR and CHEF gel electrophoresis, but some ALS isolates were clustered within the PD group. RAPD-PCR, CHEF gel electrophoresis, and 16S-23S rRNA sequence analysis produced the same groupings of strains, with RAPD-PCR resolving the greatest genetic differences. Oleander strains, phony peach disease (PP), and oak leaf scorch (OLS) strains were distinct from other strains. DNA profiles constructed by REP-PCR analysis were the same or very similar among all grape strains and most almond strains but different among some almond strains and all other strains tested. Eight of 12 ALS strains and 4 of 14 PD strains of X. fastidiosa isolated in California contained plasmids. All oleander strains carried the same-sized plasmid; all OLS strains carried the same-sized plasmid. A plum leaf scald strain contained three plasmids, two of which were the same sizes as those found in PP strains. These findings support a division of X. fastidiosaat the subspecies or pathovar level.

scholarly journals Molecular Profiling of Pierce’s Disease Outlines the Response Circuitry of Vitis vinifera to Xylella fastidiosa Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Zaini ◽  
Rafael Nascimento ◽  
Hossein Gouran ◽  
Dario Cantu ◽  
Sandeep Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pierce’S Disease

scholarly journals Shoot-tip Culture of Muscadine Grape to Eliminate Pierce's Disease Bacteria

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Robacker ◽  
C.J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Pierce's disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., is widespread among muscadine grapes (Vitus rotundifolia Michx). To determine whether shoot-tip culture would be effective in eliminating X. fastidiosa, shoot tips of infected grape plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium amended with 9 μm benzyladenine. Shoots and callus that developed tested negative for the presence of X. fastidiosa. Shoot-tip culture appears to be a promising method of obtaining muscadine grape plants free of Pierce's disease. Chemical name used: 6-benzylaminopurine (benzyladenine).

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