Turning on and turning off the arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M Curran ◽  
Yousheng Ma ◽  
Glen C Rutherford ◽  
Robert E Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Permeabilized Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Streptococcus Rattus

The arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci is highly regulated. It requires induction and is repressed by catabolites such as glucose or by aeration. A comparative study of regulation of the system in Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus rattus FA-1, and Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 10904 showed an increase in activity of the system in S. sanguis of some 1467-fold associated with induction-derepression of cells previously uninduced-repressed. The activity of the system was assayed in terms of levels of arginine deiminase, the signature enzyme of the system, in permeabilized cells. Increases in enzyme levels associated with induction-derepression were less for the other two organisms, mainly because of less severe repression, especially for S. rattus FA-1, which was the least sensitive to catabolite repression or aeration. Regulation of the arginine deiminase system involving induction and catabolite repression was demonstrated also with monoorganism biofilms composed of cells of S. sanguis adherent to glass slides. Fully uninduced-repressed cells from suspension cultures or biofilms were compromised in their abilities to catabolize arginine to protect themselves against acid damage. However, it was found that the system can be rapidly turned on or turned off, although induction-derepression did appear to require cell growth. Still, the system could respond rapidly to the availability of arginine to reestablish high capacity for alkali production.Key words: arginine deiminase, oral streptococci, induction-derepression, acid damage, biofilms.

Enzymes of agmatine degradation and the control of their synthesis in Streptococcus faecalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
J P Simon ◽  
V Stalon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Agmatine Deiminase ◽  
Sole Energy

Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 11700 uses agmatine as its sole energy source for growth. Agmatine deiminase and putrescine carbamoyltransferase are coinduced by growth on agmatine. Glucose and arginine were found to exert catabolite repression on the agmatine deiminase pathway. Four mutants unable to utilize agmatine as an energy source, isolated from the wild-type strain, exhibited three distinct phenotypes. Two of these strains showed essentially no agmatine deiminase, one mutant showed negligible activity of putrescine carbamoyltransferase, and one mutant was defective in both activities. Two carbamate kinases are present in S. faecalis, one belonging to the arginine deiminase pathway, the other being induced by growth on agmatine. These two enzymes have the same molecular weight, 82,000, and seem quite different in size from the kinases isolated from other streptococci.

scholarly journals Identification of Hemin-binding Protein of Oral Streptococci via Electrophoresis in SDS Polyacrylamide Gel

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eun Jeong Kim ◽  
Si Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Streptococcus Rattus

Background and Objectives: It has been reported that hemin binding proteins are involved in the mechanism of obtaining iron in some bacteria. Oral streptococci in the dental plaque are assumed to acquire iron through hemin or hemin compounds. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a protein (hemin binding protein) involved in the hemin binding mechanism of oral streptococci. Methodology: In this study, we investigated the presence of proteins involved in hemin binding of oral streptococci through sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis using hemin-agarose beads. Results: As a result of SDS-PAGE analysis, similar or different sizes of hemin binding protein bands were observed depending on the strains belonging to streptococci. The molecular weight of hemin binding protein in Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis were approximately 95 kDa, 43 kDa, 43 kDa, 39 kDa, and 39 kDa, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of hemin binding protein in streptococci was confirmed and the proteins involved in hemin binding in different species of oral streptococci may be different.

A Screening Attachment for an Amadas Peanut Combine1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
P. D. Blankenship ◽  
J. W. White ◽  
M. C. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Cylindrical Screen ◽  
Foreign Materials

Abstract Some farmers mechanically screen farmer stock (FS) peanuts after combining to remove undesired materials for value and quality improvement. Screening is accomplished with low capacity, portable screens at the field after combining or with high capacity cleaners or screens at buying points. An alternative method for FS peanut screening has been developed cooperatively by Amadas Industries and USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory utilizing an experimental combine screening attachment. The attachment is a hydraulically driven, rotating cylindrical screen (trommel) with an axis inclined less than 10° from horizontal during operation. Peanuts are screened with the trommel prior to entering the combine basket, and smaller, unwanted materials are returned to the soil. Thirty-eight lots of FS peanuts averaging 3.27 t/lot were combined throughout all U.S. peanut-producing regions to examine performance. Foreign materials for the screened lots averaged 2.15% less than the unscreened lots (P = 0.05). Hulls were 0.62% less in the screened lots (P = 0.05). None of the other grade factors or market values per hectare were significantly different for runner peanuts. Foreign materials for screened virginia peanuts were 2.44% less than in unscreened (P = 0.01). Loose shelled kernels were 0.44% higher (P = 0.05), hulls 0.67% lower (P = 0.10), and damage 0.56% higher in screened peanuts than in unscreened. None of the other grade factors or market values per hectare were significantly different for Virginia peanuts. Although most grade factors and values per hectare were not significantly different for screened and unscreened peanuts tested, foreign materials were reduced significantly providing needed quality improvement. Possible cleaning costs also could be reduced with the attachment.

scholarly journals Use of the photoaffinity cross-linking agent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid to characterize salivary-glycoprotein-bacterial interactions

1986 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Bergey ◽  
M J Levine ◽  
M S Reddy ◽  
S D Bradway ◽  
I Al-Hashimi
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
Inhibition Studies

The present study has utilized the iodinatable cross-linking agent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid (ASA) to examine the specific interaction between the proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) of human parotid saliva and Streptococcus sanguis G9B. The binding of 125I-ASA-PRG to Streptococcus sanguis G9B displayed saturation kinetics, reversibility and was inhibited by unlabelled PRG. Inhibition studies with other glycoproteins and saccharides indicated that binding was mediated by a bacterial adhesin with specificity towards N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. After cross-linking, the 125I-ASA-PRG-adhesin complex could be extracted with SDS and separated from uncoupled 125I-ASA-PRG by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. Approx. 1% of the 125I-ASA-PRG was cross-linked to the bacterial surface. Examination of the 125I-ASA-PRG-adhesin complex by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis/fluorography on 5% -(w/v)-polyacrylamide gels revealed that PRG was bound to two bacterial components. These findings support our previous suggestion that human salivary glycoproteins can specifically interact with oral streptococci and that these interactions occur between the glycoprotein's carbohydrate units and lectin(s) on the bacterial cell surface.

scholarly journals Kandungan Antioksidan Teh Hijau Daun Mangrove dan Uji Efektifitasnya Sebagai Antikolesterol Pada Mencit

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Analuddin Analuddin ◽  
Andi Septiana ◽  
Wa Ode Harlis
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Ceriops Tagal ◽  
Ceriops Decandra ◽  
Lumnitzera Racemosa

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa antioksidan teh hijau dan menjelaskan efektifitas teh hijau daun mangrove sebagai anticholesterol pada mencit. Senyawa kimia bahan antioksidaan teh hijau pada daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Rhizophora stylosa, R. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal dan C. decandra dianalisis dengan GCMS, sedangkan khasiat teh hijau daun mangroves sebagai antikolesterol di ujikan pada mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa senyawa bahan teh hijau bervariasi diantara daun mangrove yaitu polifenol sederhana ditemukan pada daun semua jenis mangrove yang menjadi sampel penelitian dengan konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Senyawa katekin hanya ditemukan pada daun mangrove Ceriops decandra, L. racemosa, R. mucronata dan R. apiculata. Di sisi lain, flavonoid terdeteksi hanya pada daun C. tagal, B. gymnorrhiza dan R. stylosa, sedangkan senyawa T-flavin hanya ditemukan pada daun B. parviflora. Teh hijau daun mangrove mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol mencit dengan kisaran 33,33 sampai 53,67% mengindikasikan besarnya potensi daun mangrove sebagai bahan  teh hijau antikolesterol.Kata kunci: bahan teh hijau, polifenol sederhana, katekin, flavonoid, antikolesterol, daun mangroveABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of green tea material in mangrove leaves and elucidate their capacity on reducing the cholesterol of mice. The chemical properties in  leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Rhizophora stylosa, R. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal and C. decandra were analyzed by GCMS, while their capability as anticholesterol of mice were examined. The results showed that simple polyphenols were found in all sampled mangrove leaves with different concentration, while the chatechine was found only in leaves of four mangroves including Ceriops decandra, L. racemosa, R. mucronata and R. apiculata. On the other hand, flavonoids was detected only in leaves of C. tagal,  B. gymnorrhiza and R. stylosa. Meanwhile, T-flavine was detected only in leaves of B. parviflora. However, green tea material for all of sampled mangroves showed high capacity to reduce cholesterol of mice that ranging from 33.33% to 53.67%, which indicated high potentitiality of mangroves leaves as green tea material of anticholesterol.Keywords: Green tea material, simple polyphenol, cathechin, flavonoid, anticholesterol, Mangroves leaves

Influence of Resin Monomers on Growth of Oral Streptococci

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
S. Imazato ◽  
R.R.B. Russell ◽  
Y. Noiri ◽  
S. Ebisu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Biomass Increase

Ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate monomers have been previously reported to stimulate the growth of certain caries-associated bacteria on the basis of turbidity measurements. To elucidate the detail of this effect, we examined the influence of resin monomers on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis by determination of bacterial numbers (colony-forming units), morphological observation, and chemical analysis. Although the absorbance values in the stationary phase of bacterial suspension were increased in the presence of ethyleneglycol monomers, no significant differences were observed for bacterial numbers throughout the incubation period. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the formation of sparse vesicular material surrounding bacterial cells when incubated with ethyleneglycol monomers, and these products were proved to be resin polymers. The results demonstrate that the apparent biomass increase during incubation with ethyleneglycol monomers is due not to promotion of bacterial multiplication, but to the polymerization of resin monomers to form vesicular structures attached to cells.

Densely methylated DNA islands in mammalian chromosomal replication origins

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 5636-5644
Author(s):  
E S Tasheva ◽  
D J Roufa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Replication Origins ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Cpg Dinucleotides ◽  
Methylated Dna

Densely methylated DNA sequence islands, designated DMIs, have been observed in two Chinese hamster cell chromosomal replication origins by using a PCR-based chemical method of detection. One of the origins, oriS14, is located within or adjacent to the coding sequence for ribosomal protein S14 on chromosome 2q, and the other, ori-beta, is approximately 17 kbp downstream of the dhfr (dihydrofolic acid reductase) locus on chromosome 2p. The DMI in oriS14 is 127 bp long, and the DMI in ori-beta is 516 bp long. Both DMIs are bilaterally methylated (i.e., all dCs are modified to 5-methyl dC) only in cells that are replicating their DNA. When cell growth and DNA replication are arrested, methylation of CpA, CpT, and CpC dinucleotides is lost and the sequence islands display only a subset of their originally methylated CpG dinucleotides. Several possible roles for DMI-mediated regulation of mammalian chromosomal origins are considered.

Glycerol incorporation in certain oral streptococci

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-765
Author(s):  
T A Kral ◽  
L Daneo-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Streptococcus Rattus ◽  
Type Strains

Cells of 30 different strains of oral streptococci were grown in a chemically defined medium supplemented with [14C]glycerol to determine their ability to incorporate the labeled glycerol. Of the five species tested, only two, the rat-type strains (Streptococcus rattus) and strains isolated from wild rats (Streptococcus ferus), were able to incorporate the nonfermentable substrate, glycerol. For those strains capable of incorporating glycerol, the amount incorporated ranged from 0.15 to 0.43% of the cellular dry weight and followed simple saturation kinetics. The amount of glycerol incorporated depended solely on the concentration of glycerol in the growth medium. As a result, cultures exposed to low concentrations of glycerol ceased incorporation of the labeled glycerol before cessation of exponential growth.

Investigation of Hybridization Efficiency of a Sequence-Orientated Coaxial DNA Probe Microarryed on Biochips Using Atomic Force Microscope

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Jui Chuang Wu ◽  
Dan Kai Yang ◽  
Yane Shu Lin ◽  
Jun Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chip Surface ◽  
Surface Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Hybridization Efficiency

Two sequence-inversed probes were microarrayed on glass slides to study the hybridization efficiency with their DNA targets. A fluorescence laser scanner and an atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to investigate the efficiency in different hybridization cases and their corresponding depth changes on the chips. The sequences of two targets were designed to be fully complementary to their shared DNA probe in a coaxial stacking configuration. In other words, after the first DNA target is hybridized (pre-hybridizing) onto the probe, the second one is stacked onto the non-hybridized region of the same probe. The pre-hybridizing and the second DNA targets were distinguished by two distinct fluorescent dyes. The enhancement of the hybridization efficiency was investigated through the comparison between the stacking and individual hybridization configurations. AFM was used to measure the depths of two probes at different steps of hybridization. The results indicated that the depths increased as the hybridization proceeded. Probe#1, pre-hybridizing close to the chip surface, obtained a thicker depth than the other probe pre-hybridizing away from the chip surface, Probe#2. A hypothesis was proposed to explain how the depth variation was associated with the observed hybridization efficiency.

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