Characteristics of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Aitken ◽  
William T Stringfellow ◽  
Robert D Nagel ◽  
Chikoma Kazunga ◽  
Shu-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenanthrene Degradation ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Ten bacterial strains were isolated from seven contaminated soils by enrichment with phenanthrene as the sole carbon source. These isolates and another phenanthrene-degrading strain were examined for various characteristics related to phenanthrene degradation and their ability to metabolize 12 other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), ranging in size from two to five rings, after growth in the presence of phenanthrene. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis indicated that at least five genera (Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) and at least three species of Pseudomonas were represented in this collection. All of the strains oxidized phenanthrene according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with half-saturation coefficients well below the aqueous solubility of phenanthrene in all cases. All but one of the strains oxidized 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate following growth on phenanthrene, and all oxidized at least one downstream intermediate from either or both of the known phenanthrene degradation pathways. All of the isolates could metabolize (oxidize, mineralize, or remove from solution) a broad range of PAH, although the exact range and extent of metabolism for a given substrate were unique to the particular isolate. Benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene were each mineralized by eight of the strains, while pyrene was not mineralized by any. Pyrene was, however, removed from solution by all of the isolates, and the presence of at least one significant metabolite from pyrene was observed by radiochromatography for the five strains in which such metabolites were sought. Our results support earlier indications that the mineralization of pyrene by bacteria may require unique metabolic capabilities that do not appear to overlap with the determinants for mineralization of phenanthrene or other high molecular weight PAH.Key words: kinetics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene, mineralization, benzo[a]pyrene.

scholarly journals Products from the Incomplete Metabolism of Pyrene by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikoma Kazunga ◽  
Michael D. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenanthrene Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT Pyrene is a regulated pollutant at sites contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is mineralized by some bacteria but is also transformed to nonmineral products by a variety of other PAH-degrading bacteria. We examined the formation of such products by four bacterial strains and identified and further characterized the most apparently significant of these metabolites.Pseudomonas stutzeri strain P16 and Bacillus cereus strain P21 transformed pyrene primarily tocis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxypyrene (PYRdHD), the first intermediate in the known pathway for aerobic bacterial mineralization of pyrene. Sphingomonas yanoikuyae strain R1 transformed pyrene to PYRdHD and pyrene-4,5-dione (PYRQ). Both strain R1 and Pseudomonas saccharophila strain P15 transform PYRdHD to PYRQ nearly stoichiometrically, suggesting that PYRQ is formed by oxidation of PYRdHD to 4,5-dihydroxypyrene and subsequent autoxidation of this metabolite. A pyrene-mineralizing organism,Mycobacterium strain PYR-1, also transforms PYRdHD to PYRQ at high initial concentrations of PYRdHD. However, strain PYR-1 is able to use both PYRdHD and PYRQ as growth substrates. PYRdHD strongly inhibited phenanthrene degradation by strains P15 and R1 but had only a minor effect on strains P16 and P21. At their aqueous saturation concentrations, both PYRdHD and PYRQ severely inhibited benzo[a]pyrene mineralization by strains P15 and R1. Collectively, these findings suggest that products derived from pyrene transformation have the potential to accumulate in PAH-contaminated systems and that such products can significantly influence the removal of other PAH. However, these products may be susceptible to subsequent degradation by organisms able to metabolize pyrene more extensively if such organisms are present in the system.

Cross hybridization of plasmid and genomic DNA from aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 924-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Foght ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Pah Degradation ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Forty-three bacterial strains were collected from various environmental and commercial sources and their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was confirmed using the criteria of growth, mineralization, and oxidation. Undigested genomic DNA from these strains was blotted by Southern transfer to replicate membranes, which were probed either with purified plasmids (e.g., TOL and NAH7, associated with toluene and naphthalene degradation, respectively) or with genomic DNA from the other strains. The isolates were grouped according to hybridization and PAH-degradation results. One group of eight strains grew on naphthalene vapors as sole carbon source and hybridized with archetypical NAH plasmids. Another group of six isolates mineralized phenanthrene but could not grow on naphthalene, and their cryptic plasmids hybridized with Pseudomonas sp. HL7b, which degrades a wide range of PAHs. The remaining isolates, which could not grow on naphthalene but mineralized and (or) oxidized a variety of PAHs, hybridized with neither the pure plasmids nor heterologous genomic DNA, implying that their PAH-degradative genes were significantly dissimilar. This suggests that using TOL or NAH plasmids to probe an environmental population might reveal toluene- or naphthalene-degradative genes but would underestimate the occurrence of PAH-degradative genes. We suggest that a suite of probes would be necessary to evaluate the PAH-degradation potential of a mixed population. Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, degradative plasmids, NAH plasmid, TOL plasmid, hybridization.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Artificially Polluted Using Plant-Associated-Endophytic Bacteria and Dactylis glomerata as the Bioremediation Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gałązka ◽  
Rafał Gałązka
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Grass Growth

The reaction of soil microorganisms to the contamination of soil artificially polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated in pot experiments. The plant used in the tests was cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata). Three different soils artificially contaminated with PAHs were applied in the studies. Three selected PAHs (anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) were used at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d.m. of soil and diesel fuel at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d.m. of soil. For evaluation of the synergistic effect of nitrogen fixing bacteria, the following strains were selected: associative Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas stutzerii. Additionally, in the bioremediation process, the inoculation of plants with a mixture of the bacterial strains in the amount of 1 ml suspension per 500 g of soil was used. Chamber pot-tests were carried out in controlled conditions during four weeks of plant growth period. The basic physical, microbiological and biochemical properties in contaminated soils were determined. The obtained results showed a statistically important increase in the physical properties of soils polluted with PAHs and diesel fuel compared with the control and also an important decrease in the content of PAHs and heavy metals in soils inoculated with Azospirillum spp. and P. stutzeri after cock’s foot grass growth. The bioremediation processes were especially intensive in calcareous rendzina soil artificially polluted with PAHs.

scholarly journals Identification of Anthraquinone-Degrading Bacteria in Soil Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3775-3781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse A. Rodgers-Vieira ◽  
Zhenfa Zhang ◽  
Alden C. Adrion ◽  
Avram Gold ◽  
Michael D. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufactured Gas Plant ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Genotoxic Compounds

ABSTRACTQuinones and other oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are toxic and/or genotoxic compounds observed to be cocontaminants at PAH-contaminated sites, but their formation and fate in contaminated environmental systems have not been well studied. Anthracene-9,10-dione (anthraquinone) has been found in most PAH-contaminated soils and sediments that have been analyzed for oxy-PAHs. However, little is known about the biodegradation of oxy-PAHs, and no bacterial isolates have been described that are capable of growing on or degrading anthraquinone. PAH-degradingMycobacteriumspp. are the only organisms that have been investigated to date for metabolism of a PAH quinone, 4,5-pyrenequinone. We utilized DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP) with [U-13C]anthraquinone to identify bacteria associated with anthraquinone degradation in PAH-contaminated soil from a former manufactured-gas plant site both before and after treatment in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. SIP with [U-13C]anthracene was also performed to assess whether bacteria capable of growing on anthracene are the same as those identified to grow on anthraquinone. Organisms closely related toSphingomonaswere the most predominant among the organisms associated with anthraquinone degradation in bioreactor-treated soil, while organisms in the genusPhenylobacteriumcomprised the majority of anthraquinone degraders in the untreated soil. Bacteria associated with anthracene degradation differed from those responsible for anthraquinone degradation. These results suggest thatSphingomonasandPhenylobacteriumspecies are associated with anthraquinone degradation and that anthracene-degrading organisms may not possess mechanisms to grow on anthraquinone.

Effect of nanomaterials on remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 112023
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mazarji ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Svetlana Sushkova ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Bioaugmentation strategy to enhance polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons anaerobic biodegradation in contaminated soils

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 130091
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferraro ◽  
Giulia Massini ◽  
Valentina Mazzurco Miritana ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
Ludovico Pontoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Application of Programmed Temperature Vaporization Large Volume Injection Gas Chromatography (PTV-LVI-GC) to the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Delgadillo-Marín ◽  
Araceli Peña-Álvarez ◽  
Mario Villalobos Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Large Volume Injection ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Programmed Temperature Vaporization

A sensitive, selective and robust method was developed to quantify low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils by means of Programmed Temperature Vaporization - Large Volume Injection (PTV-LVI) coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Optimal vent pressure and flux at the PTV inlet of the GC system were determined by comparison of peak areas obtained from injection of a standard PAHs mixture at different conditions. Assessment of method performance was carried out with home-made standards prepared by spiking three non-PAH contaminated soils that contained 1.8%, 4.6% and 25% natural organic matter (NOM), with mixtures of six different PAHs at low concentration levels. Detection limits between 9 and 12 ng g<sup>-1</sup> and variation coefficients below 11% were determined from analysis of spiked samples of the soil with lowest NOM content. PAHs recoveries typically ranged from 61% to 96% for the three studied soils.

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