Thermophilic heterotrophic nitrifiers isolated from Mid-Atlantic Ridge deep-sea hydrothermal vents

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Mével ◽  
Daniel Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Hydrothermal Ecosystem ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
First Time

Thermophilic heterotrophic nitrifiers were isolated for the first time from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Fluid and chimney samples were taken at Snakepit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and nitrifiers were isolated from various parts of the hydrothermal ecosystem. However, most of these isolates originated from chimney samples and seemed to be mainly located in the inner and outer parts of the upper layers. All of them were rod-shaped cells, with or without spores, that grew aerobically at 65°C. Under aerobic conditions, they were able to produce nitrite from organic matter via ammonia (heterotrophic nitrification) but also from nitrate (reduction). Thus, they could largely contribute to the nitrogen cycle. These thermophilic heterotrophic nitrifiers were characterized by a considerable diversity and a phenotypic study has shown that they were closely related to the genera Thermus and Bacillus.Key words: thermophilic bacteria, heterotrophic nitrification, hydrothermal vents, deep-sea.

Distribution, activity, and diversity of heterotrophic nitrifiers originating from East Pacific deep-sea hydrothermal vents

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Mével ◽  
Claudette Faidy ◽  
Daniel Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Guaymas Basin ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Reducers ◽  
Hydrothermal Ecosystem

Nitrifiers (bacteria, n = 160) were enriched and isolated from samples of hydrothermal waters, sediments, invertebrate tissues, and chimney rocks collected from two East Pacific deep-sea hydrothermal vents (2000 m): the 13°N site and the Guaymas Basin. They were nitrite producers and seemed be widely and uniformly distributed in various parts of hydrothermal ecosystem. These bacteria grew and nitrified better heterotrophically than autotrophically and they possessed characteristics of heterotrophic nitrifiers. All were aerobic, mesophilic gram-negative rods with a unfermentative metabolism and 88% were nitrate reducers or denitrifiers. They were characterized by a high physiological and nutritional diversity, and because of their ability to ammonify, nitrify, and reduce nitrate, they could largely contribute to the nitrogen cycle in hydrothermal sites.Key words: hydrothermal vents, heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying activity.

Evidence of seasonal reproduction in the Atlantic vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus, and an apparent link with the timing of photosynthetic primary production

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Dixon ◽  
D.M. Lowe ◽  
P.I. Miller ◽  
G.R. Villemin ◽  
A. Colaço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
Dominant Member ◽  
Menez Gwen ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Here we present evidence of seasonal reproduction in the deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus, a dominant member of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) hydrothermal fauna in the Azores region. This is the first time that seasonal reproduction has been suggested for any deep-sea vent organism. This discovery was made possible by the use of novel, acoustically-retrievable cages, which allowed us to extend the frequency and temporal range of sampling that was previously limited to the summer months. The main spawning peak, at the Menez Gwen vent field (840 m) occurs in late December–January and shows a correlation with a winter–spring bloom in primary production in the euphotic zone. Our results suggest that this surface-derived material may act as both a food source for the dispersing mussel larvae and as a reproductive cue/supplementary nutritional source for the adult mussels. Further evidence of a dependence on photosynthetic inputs comes from the relationship between particulate feeding levels, which themselves correlate with the phytoplankton peak, and the amounts of storage tissue in the mantle, which ultimately gets converted into gonad. Thus, the pattern and energetics of reproduction in the Atlantic vent mussel B. azoricus closely resembles that found in the coastal mussel Mytilus edulis, which has been described as an adaptation for optimizing the timing of reproduction against a background of seasonally-varying food availability. This discovery emphasizes the complexity of the nutritional pathways found in some deep-sea chemosynthetic environments and highlights the need for more time-series studies.

First reports of deep-water hermit crabs Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Decapoda, Parapaguridae) and coelenterate associates from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and South Atlantic

Crustaceana ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cardoso ◽  
Rafael Lemaitre
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
The South ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Seamount Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Habitat

Three species of deep water hermit crabs of the genus Parapagurus Smith, 1879, family Parapaguridae, were collected in the South Atlantic during studies of the fauna and ecology of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a seamount chain that is an important habitat, feeding ground, and site of reproduction for many open ocean and deep-sea species. The three species collected, P. abyssorum (Filhol, 1885), P. nudus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891), and P. pilosimanus Smith, 1879, are known to range broadly in the Atlantic, but only one, P. pilosimanus, was previously reported from the South Atlantic. Thus, P. abyssorum and P. nudus are reported for the first time from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the South Atlantic. These three species live in association with zoanthids or actinians that produce carcinoecia and serve as housing. The carcinoecia found with the specimens are also reported.

scholarly journals Chemosynthesis in the deep-sea: life without the sun

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 17037-17052 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Use Of Resources

Abstract. Chemosynthetic communities in the deep-sea can be found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls and wood falls. While these communities have been suggested to exist in isolation from solar energy, much of the life associated with them relies either directly or indirectly on photosynthesis in the surface waters of the oceans. The sun indirectly provides oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis, which aerobic chemosynthetic microorganisms require to synthesize organic carbon from CO2. Planktonic life stages of many vent and cold seep invertebrates also directly feed on photosynthetically produced organic matter as they disperse to new vent and seep systems. While a large portion of the life at deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats can be linked to the sun and so could not survive without it, a small portion of anaerobically chemosynthetic microorganisms can persist in its absence. These small and exotic organisms have developed a way of life in the deep-sea which involves the use of resources originating in their entirety from terrestrial sources.

scholarly journals Unique Characteristics of the Exoskeleton of Bythograeid Crab, Austinograea rodriguezensis in the Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent (Onnuri Vent Field)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Boongho Cho ◽  
Dongsung Kim ◽  
Hyeonmi Bae ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time

Abstract The Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent is a region where a new oceanic crust is formed by magma at the interface of the deep-sea bed over 2000 m in depth. Here we examined for the first time the exoskeleton structure and mechanical properties of the bythograeid crab Austinograea Rodriguezensis living in hydrothermal vents. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray were used for structural analysis, and a nanoindentation system was used for mechanical analysis. The exoskeleton was divided into four layers: epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membrane. The thickness of each layer was different from that of other crustaceans previously reported. Additionally, the number of constituent elements, composition ratio, and hardness of each layer were unique among previously studied crabs. This observation indicates that those characteristics might have evolved for creatures with a hard exoskeleton living in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence for the Type Strain Vulcanibacillus modesticaldus BR, a Strictly Anaerobic, Moderately Thermophilic, and Nitrate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Abin ◽  
James T. Hollibaugh
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Vulcanibacillus modesticaldus BR T was isolated from calcite-rich, metalliferous core samples collected at the Rainbow deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Here, we report the 2.2-Mb draft genome sequence for this strain, consisting of 100 contigs with a G+C content of 33.6% and 2,227 protein-coding sequences.

scholarly journals Vulcanibacillus modesticaldus gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, nitrate-reducing bacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L'Haridon ◽  
M. L. Miroshnichenko ◽  
N. A. Kostrikina ◽  
B. J. Tindall ◽  
S. Spring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, spore-forming bacterium, designated strain BRT, was isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal core samples collected at the Rainbow vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36° 14′ N 33° 54′ W). The cells were found to be rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-positive and spore-forming. The organism grew in the temperature range 37–60 °C, with an optimum at 55 °C, and at pH values in the range 6–8.5, with an optimum around pH 7. NaCl concentrations for growth were in the range 10–40 g l−1, with an optimum at 20–30 g l−1. Strain BRT grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with carbohydrates, proteinaceous substrates and organic acids with nitrate as electron acceptor. The novel isolate was not able to ferment. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain BRT in the Bacillaceae within the class ‘Bacilli’. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, this isolate should be described as a member of a novel genus, for which the name Vulcanibacillus gen. nov. is proposed. The type species is Vulcanibacillus modesticaldus sp. nov., with the type strain BRT (=DSM 14931T=JCM 12998T).

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Idiomarina abyssalis Strain KJE, Marinobacter salarius Strain NP2017, and Marinobacter salarius Strain AT3901, Isolated from Deep-Sea Sediment near the Western Flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Mullis ◽  
Rachel E. Weisend ◽  
Brandi Kiel Reese
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Western Flank ◽  
Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

ABSTRACT We report the draft genomes of environmental cultures collected from shallow sediment from the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The isolates were most closely related to Idiomarina abyssalis strain KJE (100% complete), Marinobacter salarius strain NP2017 (97.6% complete), and Marinobacter salarius strain AT3901 (98.4% complete). Isolates identified as an Idiomarina species possess complete nitrite oxidation and reduction pathways, and isolates identified as a Marinobacter species possess complete dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways.

scholarly journals Deep-sea mussels from a hybrid zone on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge host genetically indistinguishable symbionts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merle Ücker ◽  
Rebecca Ansorge ◽  
Yui Sato ◽  
Lizbeth Sayavedra ◽  
Corinna Breusing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

AbstractThe composition and diversity of animal microbiomes is shaped by a variety of factors, many of them interacting, such as host traits, the environment, and biogeography. Hybrid zones, in which the ranges of two host species meet and hybrids are found, provide natural experiments for determining the drivers of microbiome communities, but have not been well studied in marine environments. Here, we analysed the composition of the symbiont community in two deep-sea, Bathymodiolus mussel species along their known distribution range at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with a focus on the hybrid zone where they interbreed. In-depth metagenomic analyses of the sulphur-oxidising symbionts of 30 mussels from the hybrid zone, at a resolution of single nucleotide polymorphism analyses of ~2500 orthologous genes, revealed that parental and hybrid mussels (F2–F4 generation) have genetically indistinguishable symbionts. While host genetics does not appear to affect symbiont composition in these mussels, redundancy analyses showed that geographic location of the mussels on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge explained most of the symbiont genetic variability compared to the other factors. We hypothesise that geographic structuring of the free-living symbiont population plays a major role in driving the composition of the microbiome in these deep-sea mussels.

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