Genetic characterization of Human astrovirus infection in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 2007–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 964-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yuan-Hong Wang ◽  
Jin-Song Peng ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Stool Specimens

Human astrovirus (HAstV) was an important cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants in Wuhan city based on our previous study. The aim of the study was to investigate the nature of HAstV infection in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, especially in adults. Stool specimens were collected from 361 children and 301 adults with diarrhea from July 2007 to June 2008 and were tested for HAstV RNA by RT-PCR. The 348-bp PCR product of positive samples was further sequenced and analyzed for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree. HAstV RNA was detected in 2.33% (7/301) adults, which was significantly lower than that in children (13.57%, 49/361). HAstV-positive patients were either older than 50 years of age or younger than 3. Genetic analysis showed that the HAstV strain in adults was the same as that in children in 2007–2008. Contrarily, HAstV strains prevalent in 2007–2008 showed genetic characteristics different from those in 2004–2005 and belonged to two new groups of HAstV-1b. Thus, our data characterized HAstV infection in Wuhan 2007–2008, suggesting that HAstV infection also played an important role in adults in Wuhan, especial in patients of >50 years, and should be included for routine diagnosis in the population with diarrheal illness.

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Retail Foods in Shaanxi Province, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEILI XI ◽  
QIAN WU ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
BAOWEI YANG ◽  
XIAODONG XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli strains have been reported worldwide; however, the incidence and characterization of foodborne ESBL-producing E. coli strains have been rarely reported in the People's Republic of China. Among a collection of 659 E. coli isolates recovered from retail foods in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 223 cefoxitin-resistant and/or cefoperazone-resistant isolates were screened for ESBL production with the double disk diffusion test. The ESBL-producing isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Isolates with blaCTX-M were further classified by PCR as having blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-9, or blaCTX-M-25. One hundred forty-seven isolates were identified as ESBL positive. PCR detection revealed that 146 isolates (99.3%) contained the blaCTX-M gene. Among these isolates, 42 (28.8%) were positive for the enzyme CTX-M-1, 5 (3.4%) for CTX-M-2, and 99 (67.8%) for CTX-M-9. No CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-25 were found in this study. One hundred fifteen isolates (78.2%) were positive for the blaTEM gene, but blaSHV was not detected. Among the 147 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 75 (51.0%), 35 (23.8%), and 4 (2.7%) isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M-9, blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM and blaCTX-M-2, respectively. All of the 147 ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to three or more non–β-lactam antibiotics. This study provides evidence that foodborne E. coli can harbor ESBL-encoding genes. Thus, food could be a vehicle for the dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, a situation that requires surveillance and appropriate management strategies.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Sweet Cherry in the People's Republic of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Tan ◽  
S. Y. Li ◽  
X. F. Du ◽  
M. Seno
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
First Report ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Pcr Product

From the spring of 2003 to the summer of 2006, sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees in orchards near Lvshun City, in the northeast People's Republic of China, had symptoms suggestive of those caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae). Symptoms included chlorotic patches or mottling on leaves that were also deformed (4). In April 2006, 20 symptomatic leaves sampled from 10 trees in each of four orchards were assayed for CMV with a CMV-specific antiserum (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA. Of the 80 symptomatic leaf samples, 27 tested positive for the presence of CMV. CMV was detected in all four orchards, within which incidence varied between 0.5 and 4%. Viral nucleoproteins were purified by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient fractionation from symptomatic leaves. Transmission electron microscopy of nucleoproteins revealed isometric particles approximately 30 nm in diameter, which is also typical of CMV. Total RNA was also extracted from 100 mg of symptomatic tissue following a Trizol-based protocol (1). A reverse transcriptase-PCR assay with nucleocapsid gene-specific primers was then used (forward primer 5′-ATGGCGACGTCCTCGTTCA-3′; reverse primer 5′-CATCGTTCCCTTCAAAATAG-3′) (3). A PCR product of approximately 633 bp was obtained. The PCR product was cloned and sequenced. The sequence (GenBank Accession No. HM996559) had 95% identity with the RNA-1 sequence from CMV ‘Fny’ strain in GenBank (Accession No. D00356.1). The People's Republic of China is one of the major producers of sweet cherry in Asia and the spread of CMV in China may cause significant economic losses. Thus, virus-infected material should not be used for propagation and surveys should be undertaken to determine if the aphid vectors capable of transmitting CMV are present (2).To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV occurring in sweet cherry orchards in the People's Republic of China. References: (1) P. Chomczynski and K. Mackey. Biotechniques 19:942, 1995. (2) F. E. Gildow et al. Phytopathology 98:1233, 2008. (3) T. M. Rizzo and P. Palukaitis. J. Gen. Virol. 70:1, 1989. (4) J. Shang et al. Z. Naturforsch. C 65:73, 2010.

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