Diversity and decay ability of basidiomycetes isolated from lodgepole pines killed by the mountain pine beetle

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Son ◽  
J.-J. Kim ◽  
Y.W. Lim ◽  
T.T. Au-Yeung ◽  
C.Y.H. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

When lodgepole pines ( Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) that are killed by the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae ) and its fungal associates are not harvested, fungal decay can affect wood and fibre properties. Ophiostomatoids stain sapwood but do not affect the structural properties of wood. In contrast, white or brown decay basidiomycetes degrade wood. We isolated both staining and decay fungi from 300 lodgepole pine trees killed by mountain pine beetle at green, red, and grey stages at 10 sites across British Columbia. We retained 224 basidiomycete isolates that we classified into 34 species using morphological and physiological characteristics and rDNA large subunit sequences. The number of basidiomycete species varied from 4 to 14 species per site. We assessed the ability of these fungi to degrade both pine sapwood and heartwood using the soil jar decay test. The highest wood mass losses for both sapwood and heartwood were measured for the brown rot species Fomitopsis pinicola and the white rot Metulodontia and Ganoderma species. The sap rot species Trichaptum abietinum was more damaging for sapwood than for heartwood. A number of species caused more than 50% wood mass losses after 12 weeks at room temperature, suggesting that beetle-killed trees can rapidly lose market value due to degradation of wood structural components.

Ophiostomatoid and basidiomycetous fungi associated with green, red, and grey lodgepole pines after mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Eric A Allen ◽  
Leland M Humble ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Ophiostoma Montium

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) is a major concern for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in British Columbia, Canada. MPB and the ophiostomatoid staining fungi for which they serve as vector have a close, mutualistic relationship. In this work, we determined which fungi colonized MPB-killed standing trees with green, red, and grey crowns and quantified how rapidly the fungi stained and reduced the moisture content of sapwood. Green trees were mainly colonized by Ophiostoma clavigerum (Robinson-Jeffrey & Davidson) Harrington, Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx, Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (Davidson) De Hoog, Ophiostoma minutum (Olchow. & Reid) Hausner, and unknown Leptographium species. In red and grey pines (2 and 3 years after the original MPB attack, respectively), the frequency of the original fungal colonizers decreased, and other sapstaining fungal species were encountered. Among basidiomycetous fungi, decay fungi were rarely present in green trees but were isolated more frequently in red and grey trees. The frequency and the type of decay fungi isolated varied between harvesting sites.

Evaluation of the push-pull tactic against the mountain pine beetle using verbenone and non-host volatiles in combination with pheromone-baited trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Borden ◽  
Anna L Birmingham ◽  
Jennifer S Burleigh
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Experiments were conducted near Williams Lake and Quesnel, BC in 2003 to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-aggregation pheromone verbenone and a three-component non-host volatile (NHV) blend (E-2- and Z-3-hexen-1-ol and benzyl alcohol) in deterring attack of lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. In 0.16-ha square plots, with a pheromone-baited tree in the centre and 16 release points at 10-m centres, either verbenone (in a polyurethane gel inside plastic membrane pouches, released at ca. 100 mg/day) or the NHVs (released from separate bubble caps at ca. 1.2 mg/day) deterred attack, but efficacy was not increased by combining them. When deployed from 25 release points at 10-m centres in 0.25-ha square plots, verbenone plus NHVs were effective in deterring attack in some (but not all) cases, when compared to attack in a 25-m wide band around the treated zone. In a test of the push-pull tactic, verbenone plus the NHV blend were tested in a 10-replicate experiment with 100, 44.4 or 25 release points/ha at 10-, 15- or 20-m centres, respectively, in a 1-ha square central zone surrounded by a 3-ha, 50-m-wide band containing 12 pheromone-baited lodgepole pines 50 m apart. Other treatments were pheromonebaited trees alone, and an untreated control. In the three push-pull treatments (but not the bait only or control treatments), 28 of 30 replicates had significantly more mass-attacked trees in the pheromone-baited outer 3 ha than in the inner ha treated with verbenone plus NHVs. The percentage of available trees ≥ 17.5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were mass-attacked was < 10% in 5, 4 and 3 of 10 replicates when verbenone plus NHVs were deployed at 10-, 15- and 20-m centres, respectively, and was < 10% in two each of the bait only and control replicates. The mean ratios of newly-attacked green trees in 2003 to red trees killed in 2002 were significantly lower in the inner ha of the 10-m and 15-m centre treatments (2.6 and 2.7, respectively) than 5.9 in the untreated control. Also the pooled percentages of attacked trees that were not mass-attacked were significantly higher in the inner ha of the treatments with centres at 15 m (24.7%) and 10 m (17.6%) than in the other three treatments (all between 12% and 13%). Despite the apparent efficacy in 10-m and 15-m centre treatments, some replicates failed spectacularly. Failure was not significantly related to the incidence of red trees, but was negatively related to density/ha of available trees and positively related to mean dbh. We recommend operational implementation of the push-pull tactic at 10-m or 15-m centres when the density of available lodgepole pines is > 400/ha, the mean dbh is ≤ 25 cm, current attack is ≤ 15%, and the tactic is part of an integrated pest management program that includes sanitation harvesting. Using verbenone alone at 15-m centres would cost $380/ha (CAD), excluding labour. Key words: mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, pheromones, semiochemicals, pest management

Carbohydrate allocation and mountain pine beetle attack in girdled lodgepole pines

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Miller ◽  
A. A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Healthy lodgepole pine trees (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were girdled on the lower trunk in patterns designed to selectively eliminate the influence of materials transported from the roots, lateral tissues, and crown. Titres of soluble sugars and starch observed in areas isolated by girdling were significantly lower than those observed in areas open to the upper bole and crown. Corresponding decreases were observed in the numbers of Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins attacking those areas.

Semiochemicals for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in British Columbia: baited-tree studies

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Borden ◽  
J. E. Conn ◽  
L. M. Friskie ◽  
B. E. Scott ◽  
L. J. Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Lodgepole pines, Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm., in three interior British Columbia locations were baited with six monoterpenes alone or combined, and various combinations of the beetle-produced volatiles trans-verbenol, exo-brevicomin, and 3-caren-10-ol. Trees baited with trans-verbenol, exo brevicomin, and the monoterpene 3-carene sustained higher attack densities by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins, and were surrounded by more attacked trees than trees baited with trans-verbenol and 3-carene or unbaited controls. Myrcene was apparently the best of six monoterpenes as a synergist for trans-verbenol. 3-Caren-10-ol appeared to have some activity in an early test but did not prove to be an attractive pheromone in extensive studies. In a 17-ha portion of an infestation, treatment of 99 trees with 3-carene and trans-verbenol apparently caused a higher attack rate, resulting in 56.4% of the available green trees being attacked, as opposed to 22.3% of the available trees in the 14-ha unbaited area. These data as well as the high attack rates associated with trees which also had an exo-brevicomin bait suggest that semiochemicals could be used to contain D. ponderosae infestations and to attract beetles to lethal trap trees.

A New Formulation and Reduced Rates of Carbary for Protecting Lodgepole Pine from Mountain Pine Beetle Attack

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea ◽  
Mark McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
New Formulation

Abstract A large-scale field experiment was conducted on the Flathead National Forest, Montana, to evaluate the efficacy of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% formulations of Sevimol® and Sevin brand XLR® for protecting individual lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) from attack by mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.). All concentrations and formulations were highly effective (>95%) in protecting lodgepole pine trees from lethal attack by mountain pine beetle for 1 year, and the 1% and 2% concentrations were effective (>90%) for 2 years. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):114-116, October 1987

EMERGENCE OF IPS PINI AND HYLURGOPS POROSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM DUFF AT THE BASE OF LODGEPOLE PINES (PINACEAE) KILLED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton ◽  
T.L. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. contorta Engelmann, killed by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, are often subsequently infested by other scolytid species (Safranyik et al. 1996). Ips pini (Say) breeds in the phloem region of the main bole and larger branches in areas not occupied by mountain pine beetle. Adults emerge in the fall and drop to overwinter in the duff near the bases of their brood trees (Safranyik et al. 1996). Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) infests lodgepole pine (Keen 1952; Bright 1976) stumps or severely weakened trees near the root collar and in large roots (Wood 1982). We examined the pattern of emergence of I. pini and H. porosus from the duff around infested trees to describe changes in density over distance from the trees.

scholarly journals Gallery success, brood production, and condition of mountain pine beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared in whitebark and lodgepole pine from Alberta, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D. Esch ◽  
David W. Langor ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Breeding pairs of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) were introduced into freshly cut bolts of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in the laboratory. Brood adults emerging from the bolts were collected and galleries were dissected to compare reproductive success, brood production, and adult condition between the two pines. Beetles were more likely to establish egg galleries that produced brood in lodgepole pine than in whitebark pine. Larval gallery density per centimetre of egg gallery was significantly higher in whitebark pine than in lodgepole pine; however, egg galleries also tended to be shorter in whitebark pine bolts, and consequently, brood adults emerging production per gallery did not differ between the two host species. Female body size, mass, and fat content of brood adults and survival from larva to adult did not differ between beetles reared in the two hosts. Though this no-choice assay did not simulate the sequence of events occurring during host selection, these results are consistent with other data suggesting that beetles could be less likely to attack whitebark pines in southwestern Alberta. Whitebark pines that are attacked will produce brood in similar numbers and condition as those from lodgepole pines.

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