Extracellular cellulase production by tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kudanga ◽  
E Mwenje
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Specific Activities

Cellulase production by Aureobasidium pullulans from the temperate regions has remained speculative, with most studies reporting no activity at all. In the current study, tropical isolates from diverse sources were screened for cellulase production. Isolates were grown on a synthetic medium containing cell walls of Msasa tree (Brachystegia sp.) as the sole carbon source, and their cellulolytic activities were measured using carboxymethyl cellulose and α-cellulose as substrates. All isolates studied produced carboxymethyl cellulase (endoglucanase) and alpha-cellulase (exoglucanase) activity. Endoglucanase-specific activities of ten selected isolates ranged from 2.375 to 12.884 µmol glucose·(mg protein)–1·h–1, while activities on α-cellulose (exoglucanase activity) ranged from 0.293 to 22.442 µmol glucose·(mg protein)–1·day–1. Carboxymethyl cellulose induced the highest cellulase activity in the selected isolates, while the isolates showed variable responses to nitrogen sources. The current study indicates that some isolates of A. pullulans of tropical origin produce significant extracellular cellulolytic activity and that crude cell walls may be good inducers of cellulolytic activity in A. pullulans.Key words: Aureobasidium pullulans, plant cell wall, cellulases, endoglucanase, exoglucanase.

scholarly journals Synergistic Hydrolysis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Acid-Swollen Cellulose by Two Endoglucanases (CelZ and CelY) fromErwinia chrysanthemi

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (20) ◽  
pp. 5676-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengde Zhou ◽  
Lonnie O. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Modification ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Erwinia chrysanthemi produces a battery of hydrolases and lyases which are very effective in the maceration of plant cell walls. Although two endoglucanases (CelZ and CelY; formerly EGZ and EGY) are produced, CelZ represents approximately 95% of the total carboxymethyl cellulase activity. In this study, we have examined the effectiveness of CelY and CelZ alone and of combinations of both enzymes using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and amorphous cellulose (acid-swollen cellulose) as substrates. Synergy was observed with both substrates. Maximal synergy (1.8-fold) was observed for combinations containing primarily CelZ; the ratio of enzyme activities produced was similar to those produced by cultures of E. chrysanthemi. CelY and CelZ were quite different in substrate preference. CelY was unable to hydrolyze soluble cellooligosaccharides (cellotetraose and cellopentaose) but hydrolyzed CMC to fragments averaging 10.7 glucosyl units. In contrast, CelZ readily hydrolyzed cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and amorphous cellulose to produce cellobiose and cellotriose as dominant products. CelZ hydrolyzed CMC to fragments averaging 3.6 glucosyl units. In combination, CelZ and CelY hydrolyzed CMC to products averaging 2.3 glucosyl units. Synergy did not require the simultaneous presence of both enzymes. Enzymatic modification of the substrate by CelY increased the rate and extent of hydrolysis by CelZ. Full synergy was retained by the sequential hydrolysis of CMC, provided CelY was used as the first enzyme. A general mechanism is proposed to explain the synergy between these two enzymes based primarily on differences in substrate preference.

Production and Optimization of Cellulase Activity of Thermomonospora Viridis Isolated From Rice Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Faozia Faleha Sadida ◽  
Ma Manchur
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Ph

A highly cellulolytic actinomycete SR1 was locally isolated from rice straw and provisionally identified as Thermomonospora viridis. Optimum pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources for its cellulase production were 6.5, 35°C, Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) and yeast extract, respectively whereas those of cellulase activity were 7.5, 40°C, CMC and peptone respectively. The effects of various metal ions and different reductant and inhibitors on its cellulase activity were investigated. Univalent Ag+ was found to decrease the enzyme activity whereas increased by bivalent Mg2+. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) caused remarkable decrease of cellulase activity but β-Mercaptoethanol stimulated its cellulase activity. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 395-404, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Optimization and Characterization of Extracellular Cellulase Produced by Native Egyptian Fungal Strain

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal El-BAROTY ◽  
Faten ABOU-ELELLA ◽  
Hassan MOAWAD ◽  
Talaat N. El-SEBAI ◽  
Fatma ABDULAZIZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Digital Object

Since accumulation of agricultural wastes represents a huge problem, it was important to explore the available methods to help eliminate agricultural wastes safely, and simultaneously produce functional enzyme like cellulase. Six native Egyptian fungal strains were isolated, morphologically identified and screened for cellulose biodegradation potential, which was determined as endoglucanase or as carboximethylcellulase (CMCase). The most promising isolate (Aspergillus terreus) was selected for molecular characterizations based on sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Further optimization experiments were accomplished on the selected strain. The strain with cellulolytic activity, 2.26 IU mL-1 was identified using ITS nucleotides (genes) sequences and the result confirmed that the strain is 99.8% homology with A. terreus. Then, it was submitted to GeneBank and given an accession number. Further optimization experiments revealed that 35ºC is the optimum temperature for cellulase production and raised the enzyme activity (EA) up to 3.19 IU mL-1. Out of two organic nitrogen sources; peptone at concentration 6 gL-1 was found to be the optimum nitrogen source for cellulase production with the highest activity 4 IU mL-1. Whereas, the different four carbon sources: microcellulose, corn stalks, wheat straw and rice straw showed significant differences in EA with values 11.07, 9.68, 7.87 and 3.71 IU mL-1, respectively at  pH 3. The maximum EA was recorded to be within 5-7 days of incubation, dependent on type of carbon sources. The optimization of different incubation conditions raised cellulolytic activity from 2.26 IU mL-1 up to 11.18 IU mL-1.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Cellulase complex of a mesophilic Streptomyces strain

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishaque ◽  
D. Kluepfel
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Streptomyces Strain

Various cellulolytic streptomycetes were isolated from natural environments. The cellulase production of one of these mesophilic Streptomyces strains, identified as S. flavogriseus was studied. When grown as a submerged culture with 1% microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) as substrate, the strain produced considerable amounts of β-1, 4-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4; CM cellulase) in the extracellular supernatant and exhibited good overall cellulolytic activity as measured using filter paper (FP cellulase) and cotton as substrates. The maximum enzyme yields were obtained after 72 h of incubation at 30 °C. The optimal conditions for the FP cellulase activity were found at pH 5.6 and 40 °C. All β-glucosidase and cellobiase activities were found in the mycelial fraction of the culture and could be obtained in soluble form by sonication.

Characterization of a micrococcus which enhances the cellulolytic activity of Trichurus cylindricus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Smith ◽  
T. S. Neudoerffer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Contaminant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

A bacterial contaminant from a cellulase-producing culture of Trichurus cylindricus was subjected to physiological and biochemical tests, and identified as a member of the genus Micrococcus, subgroup 6 (Baird-Parker). It appeared either to stimulate cellulase production by the fungus, or to increase cellulase activity. The amino acid and protein content of the Micrococcus suggested that it might be useful as a feed supplement. In a preliminary trial, rats accepted freeze-dried cells as a partial source of energy, and grew at a normal rate. No toxic effects of the diet were noted.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI NUTRISI MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI TERMOFIL PENGHASIL SELULASE DARI SUMBER AIR PANAS RIMBO PANTI

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Armaini ◽  
Abdi Dharma ◽  
Sumaryati Syukur ◽  
Jamsari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source

 Optimization have been done on the media for the growth of the isolated thermophiles bacteria from hot springs Rimbo Panti, the nutrients comprising variety of carbon sources such as CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), avicell (micro crystalline cellulose), and cellobiose, with a variety of sources organic nitrogen, peptone, extracts yeast, tryptone, and urea, as well as variations consist of inorganic nitrogen sources, KNO3, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, and (NH4)NO3. Determination of cellulase activity performed using DNS reagent (3,5-dinitro salicylic acid). Maximum cellulase production with high activity based on the results of this research, the best of carbon source is CMC with optimum concentration 0.125%, inorganic nitrogen source is peptone with the optimum concentration of 0.3 to 0.4% and the inorganic nitrogen source is (NH4)2SO4 with optimum concentration of 0.2 - 0.25%. Optimization of size of inoculums obtained the optimum amount of inoculums 2%. Keywords: Optimization, thermophiles bacteria, cellulose, carbon sources, nitrogen sources

scholarly journals Parametric Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Carboxymethyl Cellulase Production Using Pretreated Rice Straw by Bacillus sp. 313SI under Stationary and Shaking Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Goyal ◽  
Arpana Mittal ◽  
Anish Kumari Bhuwal ◽  
Gulab Singh ◽  
Anita Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulase ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) provides a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of utilizing rice straw as cellulosic biomass. Out of total 80 microbial isolates from different ecological niches one bacterial strain, identified as Bacillus sp. 313SI, was selected for CMCase production under stationary as well as shaking conditions of growth. During two-stage pretreatment, rice straw was first treated with 0.5 M KOH to remove lignin followed by treatment with 0.1 N H2SO4 for removal of hemicellulose. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 3.08 U/mL was obtained using 1% (w/v) pretreated rice straw with 1% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 35°C after 60 h of growth under stationary conditions, while the same was obtained as 4.15 U/mL using 0.75% (w/v) pretreated substrate with 0.4% (v/v) inoculum, pH 8.0 at 30°C, under shaking conditions of growth for 48 h. For maximum titre of CMCase carboxymethyl cellulose was optimized as the best carbon source under both cultural conditions while ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate were optimized as the best nitrogen sources under stationary and shaking conditions, respectively. The present study provides the useful data about the optimized conditions for CMCase production by Bacillus sp. 313SI from pretreated rice straw.

scholarly journals Characterization and Cellulase Production Activity of different Aspergillus Sp. Isolated from “Puri, Odisha” Marine Fungal Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Utkalendu Suvendusekhar Samantaray ◽  
Ms. Samuka Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Cellulose undergoes hydrolysis utilizing chemicals to deliver glucose, which might be utilized for the production of ethanol, organic acids, and various chemicals. Cellulases are a collection of hydrolytic catalysts that can hydrolyze the most plentiful natural polymer for example cellulose into smaller sugar components including glucose subunits. Cellulase is overpriced and contributes simply half to the general expense of hydrolysis because of the low explicit activity. This enzyme has enormous potential in industries and its use in food, beverages, textile, laundry, paper, and mash industries, and so forth. Consequently, there has been a lot of examination focused on new microorganisms producing cellulose enzymes with higher specific activities and greater efficiency. Currently, work is pointed toward screening and disconnecting cellulolytic growths from the marine samples gathered from the Bay of Bengal, Puri coast, Odisha. All out 7 fungi were isolated from these dirt examples, out of which 2 fungi were portraying the extensive cellulase activity. The fungal isolate, for example, MWF-1 andMSF-6 isolated from water silt respectively were recognized to show the most extreme zone of hydrolysis of carboxy-methyl cellulose. The cellulase activity was assayed by Carboxymethylcellulose "CMCase" (endoglucanase) measure.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

scholarly journals THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PROLINE INTO CULTURED CELLS

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Israel ◽  
M. M. Salpeter ◽  
F. C. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Cell Wall Protein ◽  
Quiescent Cells ◽  
Growth Induction

Cultured carrot explants, stimulated to grow rapidly in a medium containing coconut milk, were labeled with radioactive proline. After an initial period of absorption (8 hr for proline-3H; 24 hr for proline-14C) the tissue was allowed to grow for a further period of 6 days in a similar medium free from the radioactivity. Samples were prepared for electron microscopy and radioautography at the end of the absorption period and also after the further growth. The distribution of the products from the radioactive proline in the cells is shown by high-resolution radioautography and is rendered quantitative for the different regions of the cells. The results show that the combined label, which was present in the form of proline and the hydroxyproline derived from it, was all in the protoplasm, not in the cell walls. Any combined label that appeared to be over the cell walls is shown to be due to scatter from adjacent cytoplasmic sites. Initially the radioactivity was concentrated in nuclei, even more so in nucleoli, but it subsequently appeared throughout the ground cytoplasm and was also concentrated in the plastids. The significance of these observations for the general concept of a plant cell wall protein and for the special problem of growth induction in otherwise quiescent cells is discussed.

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