Toxigenic diversity of two different RAPD groups ofStachybotrys chartarumisolates analyzed by potential for trichothecene production and for boar sperm cell motility inhibition

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Peltola ◽  
L Niessen ◽  
K F Nielsen ◽  
B B Jarvis ◽  
B Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
Upgma Cluster ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Trichodiene Synthase ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Motility Inhibition

Thirty-one isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum from indoor and outdoor environments were analyzed for the presence of the trichodiene synthase (Tri5) gene, trichothecenes, boar sperm cell motility inhibition, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns (RAPDs). Twenty-two S. chartarum isolates tested positive for the Tri5 gene and nine were negative when tested using novel Tri5 gene-specific PCR primer pair. The Tri5 gene positive isolates contained satratoxins (five isolates) or the simple trichothecene, trichodermol (11 isolates). The Tri5 gene negative isolates did not produce satratoxins or trichodermol. Nineteen S. chartarum isolates, distributed among the Tri5 gene negative and positive groups, inhibited boar spermatozoan motility at concentrations of [Formula: see text]60 μg of crude cell extract/mL. The inhibition of motility was independent of satratoxins or atranones. Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of RAPD fragments clustered the 31 S. chartarum isolates in two distinct groups designated as RAPD groups 1 and 2. The grouping of S. chartarum isolates obtained by UPGMA cluster analysis of RAPD fragments was identical to the grouping obtained by Tri5 gene-specific PCR. This indicates that the S. chartarum isolates belonging to different groups were genetically distinct in a much wider area than just the Tri5 gene.Key words: boar sperm cell motility inhibition, RAPD, Stachybotrys chartarum, toxicity, trichothecene, trichodiene synthase (Tri5) gene.

Screening for Eruca genotypes tolerant to polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress based on the principal component and cluster analyses of seed germination and early seedling growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banglian Huang ◽  
Jianjie Su ◽  
Guangyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqing Luo ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Upgma Cluster ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Simulated Drought

Water deficit is an environmental factor that constrains crops to express their ecophysiological potential and causes crop yield reduction. Eruca vesicaria has been reported to be one of the most drought-tolerant species in Cruciferae. In this study, polyethylene glycol-simulated drought tolerance was evaluated in one line of Brassica carinata, one line of Brassica napus and 249 Eruca lines based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair-group arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The PCA based on eight drought tolerance indices indicated that the first three components accounted for 85.46% of the total variation, with principal component (PC) 1 accounting for 43.89%, PC2 for 27.85% and PC3 for 13.73% of the total variation. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 9 and Eruca lines could be clustered into five major groups, with group 1 being, in general, drought sensitive, group 2 being slightly–medium drought tolerant, group 3 being drought tolerant, group 4 being highly drought sensitive and group 5 being highly drought tolerant. B. carinata cultivar XB1, as an outstander, showed high drought sensitivity. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram provides a good representation of the similarity matrix (r= 0.68). The drought-tolerant Eruca materials obtained in this study will be valuable for genetic improvement not only in Eruca itself, but also in Brassica crops since they are drought-tolerant lines from a drought-tolerant species.

scholarly journals Identification of Rhus succedanea L. Cultivars Using Elliptic Fourier Descriptors Based on Fruit Shape

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hiraoka ◽  
N. Kuramoto
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Upgma Cluster ◽  
Contour Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Rhus Succedanea

Abstract We have developed a method to identify cultivars of Rhus succedanea L. based on their fruit contour shape. For this, we collected fruits of five cultivars from three different environments (differing in site and/or year of collection) and the horizontal contour shape of each fruit was expressed by 37 elliptic Fourier descriptors, normalized in terms of size, rotation, shift and starting point of contour tracing. The first six components derived from a principal component analysis of the elliptic Fourier descriptors explained 89% of the variance. The differences among cultivars, environments and the cultivar x environment interaction were significant at the 0.01% probability level for all six principal components according to ANOVA. UPGMA cluster analysis based on the six principal components showed a high degree of clustering and most (but not all) ramets from the same cultivar clustered together. However, results of a UPGMA cluster analysis of Mahalanobis’ generalized distances among cultivars and environments, based on the 37 elliptic Fourier descriptors, showed that samples from the same cultivars clustered together, regardless of the environmental factors. We then applied a ‘similarity probability’ test, based on Mahalanobis’ generalized distances and a randomization test. The similarity probabilities between descriptors in the database and sampled fruits, when the cultivars they represented were included in the database, were >97%. In contrast, for samples representing cultivars that were not included in the database, the probabilities were <46%. These figures also apply to pairs of samples included in the database that represented the same cultivar, and different cultivars, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to identify R. succedanea cultivars based on fruit contour shape using elliptic Fourier descriptors and similarity probability analysis.

scholarly journals Localization of phosphatidylserine in boar sperm cell membranes during capacitation and acrosome reaction

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Kurz ◽  
Dagmar Viertel ◽  
Andreas Herrmann ◽  
Karin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Localization ◽  
Lipid Asymmetry ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Boar Sperm

One of the essential properties of mammalian, including sperm, plasma membranes is a stable transversal lipid asymmetry with the aminophospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), typically in the inner, cytoplasmic leaflet. The maintenance of this nonrandom lipid distribution is important for the homeostasis of the cell. To clarify the relevance of lipid asymmetry to sperm function, we have studied the localization of PS in boar sperm cell membranes. By using labeled annexin V as a marker for PS and propidium iodide (PI) as a stain for nonviable cells in conjunction with different methods (flow cytometry, fluorescence and electron microscopy), we have assessed the surface exposure of PS in viable cells during sperm genesis, that is, before and during capacitation as well as after acrosome reaction. An approach was set up to address also the presence of PS in the outer acrosome membrane. The results show that PS is localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane as well as on the outer acrosome membrane. Our results further indicate the cytoplasmic localization of PS in the postacrosomal region. During capacitation and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa, PS does not become exposed on the outer surface of the viable cells. Only in a subpopulation of PI-positive sperm cells does PS became accessible upon capacitation. The stable cytoplasmic localization of PS in the plasma membrane, as well as in the outer acrosome membrane, is assumed to be essential for a proper genesis of sperm cells during capacitation and acrosome reaction.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) biotypes assessed by AFLP technique

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Karam ◽  
P. Westra ◽  
S.J. Nissen ◽  
S.M. Ward ◽  
J.E.F. Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Aflp Technique

The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to access genetic diversity between three domestic and nine wild proso millet biotypes from the United States and Canada. Eight primer combinations detected 39 polymorphic DNA fragments, with the genetic distance estimates among biotypes ranging from 0.02 to 0.04. Colorado-Weld County black seeded and Wyoming-Platte County were the most distinct biotypes according to the dissimilarity level. A UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups of proso millet without any geographic association. Six weed biotypes exhibiting some characters of cultivated plants were grouped together with domesticated biotypes of proso millet while the three typical wild phenotypes were clearly clustered into another group according to AFLP markers.

scholarly journals Identification by PCR of Fusarium culmorum Strains Producing Large and Small Amounts of Deoxynivalenol

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5472-5479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bakan ◽  
C. Giraud-Delville ◽  
L. Pinson ◽  
D. Richard-Molard ◽  
E. Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Trichodiene Synthase

ABSTRACT Thirty deoxynivalenol-producing F. culmorum strains, isolated from wheat grains, were incubated in vitro and analyzed for trichothecene production. Seventeen strains produced more than 1 ppm of deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol and were considered high-deoxynivalenol-producing strains, whereas 13 F. culmorum strains produced less than 0.07 ppm of trichothecenes and were considered low-deoxynivalenol-producing strains. For all strains, a 550-base portion of the trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) was amplified and sequenced. According to the tri5 data, the F. culmorum strains tested clustered into two groups that correlated with in vitro deoxynivalenol production. For three high-producing and three low-producing F. culmorum strains, the tri5-tri6 intergenic region was then sequenced, which confirmed the two separate clusters within the F. culmorum strains. According to the tri5-tri6 sequence data, specific PCR primers were designed to allow differentiation of high-producing from low-producing F. culmorum strains.

scholarly journals Regional Polymorphism Assessment of Myanmar ‘Sein Ta Lone’ Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) from Sintgaing Township Based on Microsatellite Markers

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
May Sandar Kyaing ◽  
Sein Sandar May Phyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and relationship of Sein Ta Lone mango cultivars among 20 commercial orchards in Sintgaing Township, Mandalay region. Nine microsatellite (SSR) markers were used to detect genetic polymorphism in a range from (3 to 6) alleles with (4.33) alleles per marker in average. Six out of nine microsatellite markers gave the PIC values of greater than (0.5). Among them, SSR36 held the highest PIC values of (0.691) while MiSHRS39 and MN85 possessed the least PIC values of (0.368) and (0.387) respectively. The genetic diversity was expressed as unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) value with an average of (0.561). The genetic relationship was revealed by (UPGMA) dendrogram in a range of (0.69 to 1.00). Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, three main clusters were classified among three different locations. This study was intended to help cultivar characterization and conservation for proper germplasm management with the estimation of genetic variation and relationship in the existing population of Sein Ta Lone mangoes in Sintgaing Township by microsatellite markers.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document