Biochemical evidence against protein-mediated uptake of myristic acid in the bioluminescent marine bacteriumVibrio harveyi

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Byers ◽  
Zhiwei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Analogue ◽  
Vectorial Transport

The bioluminescent marine bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, can utilize exogenous myristic acid (14:0) for β-oxidation, phospholipid and lipid A synthesis, and as an source of myristyl aldehyde for light emission in the V. harveyi dark mutant M17. A variety of genetic and biochemical strategies were employed in an attempt to isolate V. harveyi mutants defective in myristate uptake and to characterize proteins involved in this process. Although [3H]myristate uptake in a tritium suicide experiment decreased the survival of nitrosoguanidine-treated M17 cells by a factor of 105, none of the surviving cells characterized were defective in either incorporation of exogenous myristate into phospholipid or stimulation of light emission. These parameters were also unaffected when intact M17 cells were treated with proteases. Moreover, M17 double mutants selected on the basis of diminished luminescence response to myristate all incorporated [3H]myristate into lipids normally. Finally, no resistant colonies were obtained using the bacteriocidal fatty acid analogue, 11-bromoundecanoate, and experiments with decanoate (10:0) indicated that the V. harveyi cell envelope is very sensitive to physical disruption by fatty acids. Taken together, these results support an unfacilitated uptake of myristic acid in V. harveyi, in contrast with the regulated vectorial transport and activation of long chain fatty acids in Escherichia coli.Key words: Vibrio harveyi, fatty acid transport, bioluminescence, lipid metabolism, tritium suicide.

scholarly journals Lipid Accumulation and Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Gai ◽  
Tianqi Wang ◽  
Michele Visentin ◽  
Gerd Kullak-Ublick ◽  
Xianjun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Uptake

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are the most prevalent independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the renal parenchyma is detrimental to renal function. Non-esterified fatty acids (also known as free fatty acids, FFA) are especially harmful to the kidneys. A concerted, increased FFA uptake due to high fat diets, overexpression of fatty acid uptake systems such as the CD36 scavenger receptor and the fatty acid transport proteins, and a reduced β-oxidation rate underlie the intracellular lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues. FFAs in excess can damage podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells and the tubulointerstitial tissue through various mechanisms, in particular by boosting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, promoting mitochondrial damage and tissue inflammation, which result in glomerular and tubular lesions. Not all lipids are bad for the kidneys: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to help lag the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lifestyle interventions, especially dietary adjustments, and lipid-lowering drugs can contribute to improve the clinical outcome of patients with CKD.

scholarly journals The effect of linseed oil supplementation of the diet on the content of fatty acids in the egg yolk

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hudečková ◽  
Lucie Rusníková ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Petr Marada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of oils in diet on the fatty acid profile in the eggs of layers and to include a particular type of oil as a supplement of feeding mixtures for layers in order to support the development of functional foodstuffs. Thirty layers fed a diet containing soybean oil constituted the control group (soybean oil is the most frequently used oil added to feeding mixtures). In the experimental group (thirty layers), soybean oil was replaced with linseed oil at the same amount (3 kg of oil per 100 kg of feeding mixture). Feeding was provided ad libitum for all days of the month. After one month, egg yolks were analysed and the fatty acid profile was compared. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in the concentration of myristic acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. Eggs in the experimental group showed higher concentrations of myristic acid compared to the control group (0.20 g/100 g of fat and 0.18 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for heptadecanoic acid but the trend was opposite to that of myristic acid; concentrations of heptadecanoic acid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids where egg yolks in eggs from layers fed linseed oil contained higher concentrations of oleic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Lower concentrations of n-6 fatty acids (P ≤ 0.01) were found after the addition of linseed oil in eggs. Linseed oil showed a positive effect on n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), its concentration in the control and experimental group was 0.82 g/100 g of fat and 5.63 g/100 g of fat, respectively. The possibility of influencing the fatty acid profile in eggs is very important for the development of functional foods.

Conditions for oxygen and substrate transport in muscles in exercising mammals

1991 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hoppeler ◽  
R. Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Lactate Shuttle ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Intracellular Location

The structural conditions relevant for metabolite exchange in anaerobic and aerobic work conditions in muscle tissue are reviewed. High-intensity non-steady-state exercise is supported by the phosphocreatine pool, which serves as a shuttle for high-energy phosphates produced by glycolysis and by aerobic metabolism. This is achieved through the intermediary of a topologically organized creatine kinase isozyme system. The muscle capillary network supplies substrate and environmental oxygen to the mitochondria. The network is quantitatively matched to the muscle oxidative capacity, determined structurally by mitochondrial volume. Capillary hematocrit, erythrocyte spacing and oxygen saturation of myoglobin are critical variables for oxygen release from microvessels. Myoglobin greatly helps intracellular oxygen transfer as, under aerobic work conditions, it keeps intracellular oxygen tension low and uniform in the muscle fibers. During sustained submaximal work, muscle cells are fueled by both endogenous (triglycerides and glycogen) and circulatory (lactate, glucose and fatty acids) substrates. A lactate shuttle in which lactate may move through the circulation, as well as directly from fiber to fiber, provides many of the carbohydrate-derived carbon skeletons for terminal oxidation. Glucose is taken up from the interstitial space by facilitated diffusion, mostly mediated by a glucose transporter (GLUT4) that is translocated from an intracellular location to the sarcolemma by activity and insulin. Extramyocellular transport of fatty acids is mediated by albumin, while fatty-acid-binding proteins are held responsible for intracellular fatty acid transport.

Effect of surface and intracellular pH on hepatocellular fatty acid uptake

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. G1067-G1073
Author(s):  
C. Elsing ◽  
A. Kassner ◽  
W. Stremmel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Proton Gradient ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Transport

Fatty acids enter hepatocytes, at least in part, by a carrier-mediated uptake mechanism. The importance of driving forces for fatty acid uptake is still controversial. To evaluate possible driving mechanisms for fatty acid transport across plasma membranes, we examined the role of transmembrane proton gradients on fatty acid influx in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. After hepatocytes were loaded with SNARF-1 acetoxymethyl ester, changes in intracellular pH (pHi) under different experimental conditions were measured and recorded by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fatty acid transport was increased by 45% during cellular alkalosis, achieved by adding 20 mM NH4Cl to the medium, and a concomitant paracellular acidification was observed. Fatty acid uptake was decreased by 30% during cellular acidosis after withdrawal of NH4Cl from the medium. Cellular acidosis activates the Na+/H+ antiporter to export excessive protons to the outer cell surface. Inhibition of Na+/H+ antiporter activity by amiloride diminishes pHi recovery and thereby accumulation of protons at the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Under these conditions, fatty acid uptake was further inhibited by 57% of control conditions. This suggests stimulation of fatty acid influx by an inwardly directed proton gradient. The accelerating effect of protons at the outer surface of the plasma membrane was confirmed by studies in which pH of the medium was varied at constant pHi. Significantly higher fatty acid influx rates were observed at low buffer pH. Recorded differences in fatty acid uptake appeared to be independent of changes in membrane potential, because BaCl2 did not influence initial uptake velocity during cellular alkalosis and paracellular acidosis. Moreover, addition of oleate-albumin mixtures to the NH4Cl incubation buffer did not change the observed intracellular alkalinization. In contrast, after cells were acid loaded, addition of oleate-albumin solutions to the recovery buffer increased pHi recovery rates from 0.21 +/- 0.02 to 0.36 +/- 0.05 pH units/min (P < 0.05), indicating that fatty acids further stimulate Na+/H+ antiporter activity during pHi recovery from an acid load. It is concluded that carrier-mediated uptake of fatty acids in hepatocytes follows an inwardly directed transmembrane proton gradient and is stimulated by the presence of H+ at the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK CACING LAUT SIASIA (SIPUNCULUS, SP) DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI PULAU NUSALAUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Bernita Silaban
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Coastal Communities

Background: "Siasia" is a seaworm species in the phylum that includes Sipuncula Sipunculidea class. This animal has been consumed for generations by coastal communities Nusalaut Island, central mollucas but not yet universally known. Until now there has been obtained gisi complete composition. This study aimed to identify the composition of fatty acids contained in vain fresh seaworms. Methods: Seaworms vain taken from coastal waters of Negeri Titawaai and Nalahia Nusalaut Island, Central Moluccas in March 2014. The parameters analyzed include methods is sokhlet fat content and fatty acid by GC method. Results: The results showed fresh siasia fat content 1.12% of coastal waters Titawaai while 1.91% of coastal waters Nalahia. Fatty acids seaworms were identified from coastal waters Titawai  is  kaparat acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0), linolenic acid (C18: 3) acid and eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5) while the fatty acids of  seaworm vain of coastal waters Nalahia include is lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid ( C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 3). Conclusion: The fat content of fresh siasia sea worms is 1.12% from the waters of Titawaai beach, while 1.91% of the waters of the coast of Nalahia.

scholarly journals High Membranous Expression of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 4 Is Associated with Tumorigenesis and Tumor Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Sik Kim ◽  
Jiyoon Jung ◽  
Hoiseon Jeong ◽  
Ju-Han Lee ◽  
Hwa Eun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Cells

The increased requirement of fatty acids forces cancer cells to enhance uptake of fatty acids from the extracellular milieu, in addition to de novo lipogenesis. Coexpression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) with fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) or long-chain acyl CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) synergistically activated fatty acid uptake in experimental models. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of CD36, FATP4, and ACSL1 in 180 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in comparison with 80 specimens of the normal kidney. We also examined the clinical implication of these three fatty acid transporters in RCC, which was validated by an open-access The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis. Both CD36 and FATP4 revealed higher membranous expressions in RCC tumor cells than in normal cells. In contrast, ACSL1 expression was remarkably reduced in RCC tumor cells compared to normal cells. CD36, FATP4, and ACSL1 showed high expressions in 74 (41.1%), 85 (47.2%), and 72 (40.0%) out of 180 RCC cases, respectively. Clinically, high FATP4 in tumor cells was associated with female gender (p=0.05), high TNM stage (p=0.039), tumor necrosis (p=0.009), and tumor recurrence (p=0.037), while high ACSL1 was only related to female gender (p=0.023). CD36 expression revealed no correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters of RCC. Increased FATP4 expression displayed an association with short recurrence-free survival (p=0.003). In conclusion, the high FATP4 expression was clinically associated with poor prognostic factors of RCC. Overexpression of membranous FATP4 and CD36 combined with reduced cytoplasmic expression of ACSL1 might be a tumor-specific feature of RCC, contributing to the tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Lipopolysaccharide and proteins of the cell envelope of Vibrio marinus, a marine bacterium

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Deneke ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Lipopolysaccharides isolated from the marine bacterium Vibrio marinus strain PS-207 were found to be similar to the lipopolysaccharides of R mutants of enteric organisms, with respect to extraction characteristics, percentage of lipid A (61%), and sugars of the polysaccharide side chain (glucose and heptose). A high ratio (2:1) of phosphate to amino sugar was found in the lipid A. Hydroxy fatty acids constituted only 14% of the total fatty acids of the lipid A fraction, whereas branched and straight-chain fatty acids were present in greater abundance. The major envelope proteins of V. marinus strain PS-207 fell into three molecular weight classes determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. Numerous protein species were observed in urea – acetic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis preparations.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids transport through the placenta

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Takanori Kodama ◽  
Yui Yamamoto ◽  
Majid Ebrahimi ◽  
Hirofumi Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport Proteins

The placenta is a temporary vital organ for sustaining the development of the fetus throughout gestation. Although the fatty acid composition delivered to the fetus is largely determined by maternal circulating levels, the placenta preferentially transfers physiologically important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (n-3) FAs. The precise mechanisms governing these transfers were covered in a veil, but have started to be revealed gradually. Several evidences suggest fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), placental specific membrane bound fatty acid binding proteins (pFABPpm) and fatty acid translocases (FAT/CD36) involved in LC-PUFAs uptake. Our studies have shown that the placental transfer of omega-3 FAs through the trophoblast cells is largely contributed by fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3). Recently there are considerable interests in the potential for dietary omega-3 FAs as a therapeutic intervention for fetal disorders. In fact, prenatal supply of omega-3 FAs is essential for brain and retinal development. Recent findings suggest a potential opportunity of omega-3 FA interventions to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes in future generations. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of transportation of omega-3 FAs through the placenta and how omega-3 FAs deficiency/supplementation impact on fetal development.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 1-8

Stopped-flow kinetic analysis of long-chain fatty acid dissociation from bovine serum albumin

2002 ◽  
Vol 363 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erland J.F. DEMANT ◽  
Gary V. RICHIERI ◽  
Alan M. KLEINFELD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Initial Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

The kinetics of the interaction of long-chain fatty acids (referred to as fatty acids) with albumin is critical to understanding the role of albumin in fatty acid transport. In this study we have determined the kinetics of fatty acid dissociation from BSA and the BSA-related fatty acid probe BSA-HCA (BSA labelled with 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid) by stopped-flow methods. Fatty acid—albumin complexes of a range of natural fatty acid types and albumin molecules (donors) were mixed with three fatty acid-binding acceptor proteins. Dissociation of fatty acids from the donor was monitored by either the time course of donor fluorescence/absorbance or the time course of acceptor fluorescence. The results of these measurements indicate that fatty acid dissociation from BSA as well as BSA-HCA is well described by a single exponential function over the entire range of fatty acid/albumin molar ratios used in these measurements, from 0.5:1 to 6:1. The observed rate constants (kobs) for the dissociation of each fatty acid type reveal little or no dependence on the initial fatty acid/albumin ratio. However, dissociation rates were dependent upon the type of fatty acid. In the case of native BSA with an initial fatty acid/BSA molar ratio of 3:1, the order of kobs values was stearic acid (1.5s−1)<oleic acid<palmitic acid≅linoleic acid<arachidonic acid (8s−1) at 37°C. The corresponding values for BSA-HCA were about half the values for BSA. The results of this study show that the rate of fatty acid dissociation from native BSA is more than 10-fold faster than reported previously and that the off-rate constants for the five primary fatty acid-binding sites differ by less than a factor of 2. We conclude that for reported rates of fatty acid transport across cell membranes, dissociation of fatty acids from the fatty acid—BSA complexes used in the transport studies should not be rate-limiting.

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