Mapping of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases on the chromosome of Cellulomonas fimi

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Cellulomonas Fimi ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Single Circular Chromosome

Cellulomonas fimi genomic DNA was digested with HpaI, MunI, HindIII, and NsiI, producing fragments ranging in size from 20 to 1400 kbp that were resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Genetic and physical linkages were determined by Southern blotting and were used to construct a genome map. Cellulomonas fimi has a single circular chromosome of approx. 4000 kbp. Except for two closely linked genes, cbh6A and cel5A, the genes known to encode glycoside hydrolases are scattered widely on the chromosome.Key words: Cellulomonas fimi, genome map, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, glycoside hydrolases.

Construction of a genomic map ofMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisATCC 25238 and physical mapping of virulence-associated genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K T Nguyen ◽  
E J Hansen ◽  
M A Farinha
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Pulsed Field

A physical genome map of the Moraxella catarrhalis type strain (ATCC 25238) has been constructed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Macrorestriction analyses of the genome of M. catarrhalis were performed by digestion with the restriction enzymes SmaI, NotI, and RsrII, which cleave the single circular chromosome into 9, 10, and 6 fragments, respectively. The chromosomal fragments generated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were converted to a linkage map utilizing a combination of partial digestions, and cross-hybridizations. Moraxella catarrhalis, like a number of other respiratory pathogens, has a relatively small genome estimated at 1750 kilobase pairs or about 40% of the size of the Escherichia coli genome. The locations of the four ribosomal RNA operons (rrnLS) were determined by Southern hybridization and by digestion with I-CeuI endonuclease. A number of genes involved in virulence have been placed onto the physical map by Southern hybridization including those encoding the predominant outer-membrane proteins and the chromosomal gene encoding beta-lactamase.Key words: Moraxella catarrhalis, physical map, genome analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, virulence.

scholarly journals A physical map of the human regulator of complement activation gene cluster linking the complement genes CR1, CR2, DAF, and C4BP.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rey-Campos ◽  
P Rubinstein ◽  
S Rodriguez de Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Genes Encoding

We report the organization of the human genes encoding the complement components C4-binding protein (C4BP), C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and C3dg receptor (CR2) within the regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster. Using pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis these genes have been physically linked and aligned as CR1-CR2-DAF-C4BP in an 800-kb DNA segment. The very tight linkage between the CR1 and the C4BP loci, contrasted with the relative long DNA distance between these genes, suggests the existence of mechanisms interfering with recombination within the RCA gene cluster.

Staphylococcal Poisoning Foodborne Outbreak: Epidemiological Investigation and Strain Genotyping

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GALLINA ◽  
D. M. BIANCHI ◽  
A. BELLIO ◽  
C. NOGAROL ◽  
G. MACORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genetic Profiles

In June 2011, an outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin food poisoning gastroenteritis occurred in Turin, Italy, following a catered dinner party at a private home. Within a few hours, 26 of the 47 guests experienced gastrointestinal illness, and 9 were hospitalized. A retrospective cohort study using a standardized questionnaire was carried out, and the risk ratios for each food item were calculated. The analysis indicated consumption of seafood salad as the most probable cause of the outbreak (risk ratio = 11.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.75 to 78.54). Biological samples were collected from four of the hospitalized guests (stool and vomit), nasal mucosa swabs from three food handlers employed with the caterer, and available food residuals. All stool and vomit samples tested positive for enterotoxigenic S. aureus. As residues of the seafood salad were no longer available for sampling, suspected contamination could not be verified. However, no other food was found contaminated by S. aureus or its enterotoxins. All isolates from the biological samples were characterized at the genomic level by means of two multiplex PCR protocols to determine the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing to describe their genetic profiles. All the isolates presented genes encoding SEA and SEI; the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genetic profiles revealed the same pulsotype in the microorganism isolated from the hospitalized guests as in one of the isolates from a food handler's nasal mucosa, and the spa-typing analysis reported two closely related spa types (t701 and t267), implicating the food handler as the most likely outbreak source.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Strains from Healthy and Sick Animals in Spain in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Miguel Angel Moreno ◽  
Tirushet Teshager ◽  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
María Concepción Porrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Genes encoding CTX-M-14, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32, SHV-12, TEM-52, or CMY-2 β-lactamases were detected in 21 Escherichia coli strains recovered during 2003 from sick animals (11 of 459 [2.4%] strains) and healthy animals (10 of 158 [6.3%] strains) in Spain. Twelve of these strains harbored bla CTX-M genes and showed unrelated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

scholarly journals Serotype 19F Multiresistant Pneumococcal Clone Harboring Two Erythromycin Resistance Determinants [erm(B) and mef(A)] in South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Keith P. Klugman ◽  
Avril Wasas ◽  
Thora Capper ◽  
Adrian Brink
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT One hundred eighteen erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (ERSP) strains (MICs of ≥0.5 μg/ml) from five laboratories serving the private sector in South Africa were analyzed for the genes encoding resistance to macrolides. Sixty-seven ERSP strains (56.8%) contained the erm(B) gene, and 15 isolates (12.7%) contained the mef(A) gene. Thirty-six isolates (30.5%) harbored both the erm(B) and mef(A) genes and were highly resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. DNA fingerprinting by BOX-PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified 83% of these strains as belonging to a single multiresistant serotype 19F clone.

Enterococci from Appenzeller and Schabziger Raw Milk Cheese: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Persistence of Particular Strains in the Products

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. TEMPLER ◽  
A. BAUMGARTNER
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese ◽  
Selection Of

Enterococci are natural residents of human and animal intestinal tracts, and grow to high numbers in a variety of cheeses. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of enterococci in two types of artisanal raw milk cheese (Schabziger and Appenzeller) and to investigate whether particular strains with triple resistance against chloramphenicol (Chl), tetracycline (Tet), and erythromycin (Ery) persist in the production system. Of 46 cheese samples, a total of 312 Enterococcus strains were isolated over a 5-month period on selective agar plates containing Chl, Tet, or, Ery. Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (80.7%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (5.1%), and Enterococcus durans (11.7%). According to the phenotypic resistance patterns, a selection of 150 strains was analyzed with PCR for the presence of genes encoding resistance to Ery (ereA, ereB, mphA, ermA, ermB, ermC, mrsA/mrsB, mefA/mefE), and Tet (tetM, tetL). Because virulence factors have been linked to the pathogenicity of enterococci, the strain selection was also tested for the presence of the following virulence factors: Agg, GelE, Cyl, Esp, EfaAfs, EfaAfm, Cpd, Cob, and Ccf. All tested strains contained at least two of the nine virulence genes taken into analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the isolates showed a limited persistence of several strains over a period of 1 to 2 months in Schabziger, and more than 2 months in Appenzeller. Finally, the enterococcal flora in the two types of cheeses seems to be rather unrelated. Within 150 strains from 25 different cheese samples (11 Appenzeller and 14 Schabziger), 41 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns could be identified, and only 1 of these was found in enterococci from both types of cheese.

scholarly journals Genome organization of the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium perfringens

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (17) ◽  
pp. 6676-6680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Canard ◽  
S T Cole
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Chromosomal Localization ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Clostridial Species ◽  
Single Circular Chromosome

A physical map of the genome of Clostridium perfringens, an important human pathogen, has been established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Recognition sites for six rare-cutting endonucleases were situated on a single circular chromosome of approximately 3.6 million base pairs thus defining 50 arbitrary genetic intervals of between 10 and 250 kilobase pairs. This considerably facilitated the chromosomal localization of some 24 genes and loci for which probes were available and allowed the construction of the genome map of a clostridial species.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes Serotype M1 and M3 Isolates from Patients in Japan from 1981 to 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 4131-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Murase ◽  
Rieko Suzuki ◽  
Ro Osawa ◽  
Shiro Yamai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Genes Encoding

Streptococcus pyogenes isolates obtained in 1981 to 1997 from patients and healthy subjects were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, biotyping, and the presence of spe genes encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. Changes in the profiles were shown in the serotype M1/T1 isolates from pharyngitis over this period, but not in serotype M3/T3 isolates. The characteristics of isolates from patients with toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) were comparable to those of the other isolates, including those from healthy subjects. This finding suggests that further phenotypic and molecular characterization, such as investigating the genomic difference represented by the pathogenicity island, of isolates with apparently the same profiles would be necessary to determine the etiology of diseases caused by S. pyogenes, including TSLS.

scholarly journals Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis to Determine the Source of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-610
Author(s):  
Eugene Y. H. Yeung ◽  
Ivan Gorn
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Cases

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has historically been considered the gold standard in fingerprinting bacterial strains in epidemiological studies and outbreak investigations; little is known regarding its use in individual clinical cases. The current study detailed two clinical cases in which PFGE helped to determine the source of their methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Patient A was found to have MRSA bacteremia after trauma in her pelvic area. MRSA was also found in her groin but not in her nostril and rectum. PFGE was performed that showed variable bands of her MRSA isolates from blood and groin, suggestive of different strains of MRSA. Her MRSA bacteremia was determined to be unrelated to her pelvic trauma. Patient B was found to have MRSA bacteremia after colonoscopy. MRSA was also found in his nostril and rectum. PFGE was performed that showed variable bands of his MRSA isolates from blood and rectum but identical bands of MRSA isolates from his blood and nostril. His MRSA bacteremia was determined to be unrelated to his colonoscopy procedure. The current study demonstrates the use of PFGE to rule out the source of bacteremia in individual clinical cases.

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