Combined effects of Brassica napus seed meal and Trichoderma harzianum on two soilborne plant pathogens

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise-Marie Dandurand ◽  
Rachel D Mosher ◽  
Guy R Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Myceliogenic Germination

The effects of soil amendment with rapeseed meal from Brassica napus cv. 'Dwarf Essex' (high glucosinolate concentrations) and 'Stonewall' (low glucosinolate concentrations) on the biological control activity of Trichoderma harzianum towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Aphanomyces euteiches were evaluated. Trichoderma harzianum added to soil reduced myceliogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum by 94%, but did not affect carpogenic germination. In contrast, 100% reduction in carpogenic germination was observed in soil amended with Dwarf Essex meal, along with a 33% reduction in myceliogenic germination. With Stonewall meal as soil amendment, carpogenic germination was reduced by 44% and myceliogenic germination was not affected. Both Dwarf Essex and Stonewall meals inhibited colonization of sclerotia in soil by T. harzianum, from 100% to 0% and 8%, respectively, so that biocontrol activity of T. harzianum was reduced in the presence of either meal. Aphanomyces euteiches root rot of pea was significantly reduced by T. harzianum alone (100%), by amendment with Dwarf Essex meal alone (77%), and by T. harzianum in combination with Dwarf Essex meal (100%). Amendment with Stonewall meal alone did not control root rot, and combination of Stonewall meal with T. harzianum reduced the biocontrol efficacy of T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi by Volatiles Produced by Hydrolysis of Brassica napus Seed Meal

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Smolinska ◽  
G. R. Knudsen ◽  
M. J. Morra ◽  
V. Borek
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Rot Disease

Seed meal from Brassica napus (rapeseed) produced volatile fungitoxic compounds potentially of value in the control of Aphanomyces root rot of pea. Hyphal growth, germination of encysted zoospores, and oospore survival and inoculum potential, were determined in the presence of volatiles produced from B. napus seed meal. Volatile compounds from B. napus meal completely suppressed mycelial growth and germination of encysted zoospores on agar. In growth chamber bioassays, pea (Pisum sativum) seed inoculated with zoospore suspensions and incubated 24 h in the presence of volatiles from rapeseed meal had 50% lower root rot disease severity than in the absence of meal. Volatile compounds passing through soil also significantly decreased survival and inoculum potential of oospores. Gas chromatographic analysis of rapeseed tissues and the volatile compounds evolved from tissues showed that substrate glucosinolates were hydrolyzed enzymatically to produce mainly isothiocyanates. Non-autoclaved rapeseed meal produced significantly higher levels of volatile compounds than did autoclaved meal. Also, volatile compounds produced from autoclaved meal were dominated by nitriles, whereas isothiocyanates were more common volatile products from non-autoclaved meal. Our results indicate that B. napus allelochemicals responsible for toxic effects toward A. euteiches f. sp. pisi are enzymatic hydrolysis products of glucosinolates.

Efficacy of Antagonists on mycelium growth and carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Indian mustard

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Jhilmil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Carpogenic Germination

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 4 years becomes very difficult to manage the crop from the infection of Sclerotinia rot fungus. Stem rot of indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Cross] caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentially a serious threat in many mustard growing areas in India. Treatments of seeds and foliar spray with of fungicides applied at regular intervals are effective in reducing infection, but uses of chemicals are hazardous, harmful for beneficial micro-organisms. Biological control of plant pathogens offers an exciting opportunity to manage plant diseases. In the present study, the efficacy of four bio-agents, viz., Coniothyrium minitans, Aspergilus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis were evaluated for the control of stem rot of Indian mustard. Results on bio-efficacy of different bioagents, when evaluated under glass house condition, the Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective agent and caused highest reduction (64.7 %) in carpogenic germination of sclerotia followed by Aspergilus nidulans (52.5 %) and Trichoderma harzianum (48.8 %), over control while Pseudomonas chlororaphis (48.3 %) was at par with T. harzianum. All the bioagents showed significant reduction effective in controlling the disease. Similar results were achieved when bioagents tested on dual inoculated plates.

scholarly journals Integration of Biological and Chemical Controls for Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight and Root Rot of Rosemary

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Conway ◽  
N. E. Maness ◽  
J. E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Laetisaria Arvalis

Aerial blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, was identified as a major disease of greenhouse mist-produced rosemary cuttings. An isolate of the biocontrol fungus Laetisaria arvalis, selected for tolerance to the experimental fungicide CGA 173506, was used as an amendment to potting soil. Combined treatment of rosemary with L. arvalis and a foliar spray of the fungicide at one-half the recommended rate reduced disease more than treatment with either the fungus or fungicide alone. Similar synergism was not observed for combinations of Trichoderma harzianum as a soil amendment and a foliar spray of the fungicide iprodione applied at the labeled rate.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Five swine experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) of low glucosinolate content (Brassica napus L. cv. Bronowski). Two experiments involved 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution of either Bronowski meal or regular (B. campestris) meal for soybean meal or fishmeal used in the control diet. One experiment compared ad libitum-fed and partially restricted pigs. Another experiment involved digestibility studies, and the final one involved methionine and lysine supplementation. As the dietary levels of either Bronowski or regular RSM increased in the ration, protein digestion coefficients decreased from 79 and 80% to 76 and 78%, respectively, and energy coefficients decreased from 82% to 79 and 78%, respectively. The protein and energy digestibility coefficients for Bronowski RSM were estimated to be 68 and 59%; for regular RSM, 65 and 54%. With barley–wheat–RSM diets, pigs responded to 0.1% methionine, but not to lysine (P > 0.05). Pigs fed ad libitum consumed more Bronowski than regular RSM diet and performed as well as pigs fed soybean meal diets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sid Ahmed ◽  
C. Perez-Sanchez ◽  
C. Egea ◽  
M. E. Candela
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pepper Plants

scholarly journals Identification of Pisum sativum Germ Plasm with Resistance to Root Rot Caused by Multiple Strains of Aphanomyces euteiches

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
J. A. Percich
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Multiple Strains

Aphanomyces root rot is a serious disease of pea (Pisum sativum), and additional sources of resistance are needed for development of disease-resistant cultivars. Accessions (n = 123) from the P. sativum Plant Introduction (PI) collection with the highest relative levels of resistance to one strain of Aphanomyces euteiches were previously identified from among approximately 2,500 accessions evaluated. The chosen 123 accessions were evaluated in this study for resistance to root rot caused by multiple strains of this pathogen. Five strains representing different US geographical locations and pathogenicity characteristics were used to evaluate pea seedlings in a greenhouse. Disease severity (DS) and percent loss of fresh biomass (inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants) were determined 15 days after inoculation. Significant differences (P = 0.05) in levels of DS and biomass loss (BL) occurred among the accessions after inoculation individually with the five strains. The relative rank of accessions based on DS and BL varied with the strain of A. euteiches used for inoculations. The 20 accessions with the lowest DS after inoculation with each strain were identified. Based on lowest DS, two accessions were among the 20 identified with all five individual strains, and four other accessions were among the 20 identified with four of the five strains. The results suggest that the P. sativum PI collection contains useful accessions for breeding programs aimed at developing pea varieties with resistance to A. euteiches.

Aphanomyces euteiches. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Sweet Pea

Abstract A description is provided for Aphanomyces euteiches. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pea, Arabis, pansy, sweet pea, clover, bean, lupin, vetch, lucerne, Melilotus, barley, oats, Echinodorus brevipedicellatus. Conifer seedlings and other hosts were infected by inoculation. DISEASE: Root rot of pea. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Australia (Tasmania); Europe (UK, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, USSR); N. America (USA). (CMI Map 78, ed. 3, 1977). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, persisting in the soil for many years. Studies in Wisconsin suggested that A. euteiches may live as a weak parasite in the roots of many plants and occur naturally in some virgin soils (6, 523). Oospores were indicated to be the primary inocula for new outbreaks of pea root rot, zoospores the primary infective agents (39, 646). Survival between pea crops depended on oospore durability and possible alternative hosts, not saprophytic activity (41, 689). Studies were made of population dynamics in the soil (48, 2067) and penetration and infection of roots by zoospores (42, 287).

scholarly journals Associations among the communities of soil-borne pathogens, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence in the field pea root rot complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 457 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Kimberly Zitnick-Anderson ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽  
Shana Forster ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Edaphic Properties

Abstract Background and aims Field pea production is greatly impacted by multiple soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens in a complex. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify the soil-borne pathogens associated with field pea in North Dakota and; 2) develop prediction models incorporating the occurrence of the soil-borne pathogen communities, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence. Methods Soil and plants were sampled from 60 field pea fields in North Dakota during 2014 and 2015. Plants (1500 across two years) were rated for both root rot and soil-borne pathogens isolated from roots. Soils were analyzed for edaphic properties. Indicator species analysis was used to identify soil-borne pathogen communities. Logistic regression was used to determine associations and develop prediction models. Results Survey results from 2014 and 2015 indicated that the most prevalent soil-borne pathogens identified in field pea fields were Fusarium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches. Five soil-borne pathogen communities were identified; three of which had statistically significant associations characterized by (1) Fusarium acuminatum, (3) A. euteiches, and (4) Fusarium sporotrichioides. The occurrence of the three communities were associated with clay content, soil pH, Fe2+, and K+. Disease incidence was associated with the presence of either community 1 or 3 and K+. Conclusions The results generated from this research will contribute to the development of management strategies by providing a soil-borne pathogen community prediction tool.

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