New amphiphilic copolymers derived from hydrophobically modified vinyl saccharides

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Klein ◽  
Markwart Kunz ◽  
Lutz Guderjahn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Hydrophobic Association ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Allyl Glycidyl Ether

The synthesis and characterization of new amphiphilic copolymers derived from copolymerization of hydrophobically modified so-called vinyl saccharides with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone are described. The vinyl saccharides were prepared in a two-step synthesis. In the first step hydrophobically modified saccharide derivatives were synthesized without protecting procedures by direct reductive amination of the reducing keto-disaccharide isomaltulose (Palatinose®) with n-dodecylamine. In the second step the resulting N-dodecylaminopolyols were coupled with allyl glycidyl ether to give polymerizable amphiphilic vinyl saccharides. The copolymerizations with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone were performed as free radical aqueous solution polymerizations. The characterization of the copolymers was carried out by measuring the viscosity and light scattering in water as well as in trichloromethane, in addition to surface tension measurements and solubilization studies. The solution properties of the copolymers in water and trichloromethane differ remarkably. While the values for the intrinsic viscosities in both solvents are comparable, the weight-average molecular weights in water are much higher than those in trichloromethane, indicating the formation of aggregates in aqueous solution. The vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers are also very surface active, lowering the surface tension of water to as low as 30 mN/m. The combination of measurements of surface tensions and solubilization studies indicates that their hydrophobic association behaviour is formally comparable to those of low molecular weight surfactants. Keywords: vinyl saccharides, isomaltulose, hydrophobic association, amphiphilic polymers.

Preparation and Characterization of Temperature-Sensitive 2-Hydroxy-3-Allyloxy Propyl Starch Ether

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Ben Zhi Ju ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Hong Liang Yuan ◽  
Shu Fen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Allyl Glycidyl Ether

A temperature-sensitive 2-hydroxy-3-allyloxy-propyl starch ehter (HAPS) was prepared by regulating the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of etherified starch. Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) was used as the hydrophobic reagent. 1H-NMR was used to characterize the structure of products and determine the degree of substitution of etherified starch. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy methods were adopted to investigate the properties of HAPS aqueous solution. The results showed that the LCST of HAPS was reduced as the DS. When the cmc of HAPS decreases and DS increases, formation of micelles in an aqueous solution by self-assembly is possible.

scholarly journals Application of cesium hydroxide monohydrate for ring opening polymerization of monosubstituted oxiranes: characterization of synthesized polyether-diols

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Grobelny ◽  
Justyna Jurek-Suliga ◽  
Sylwia Golba
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Oxide ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Glycidyl Ethers ◽  
Cesium Hydroxide ◽  
Allyl Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Main Fraction ◽  
Tetrahydrofuran Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Monohydrate

AbstractCesium hydroxide monohydrate (CsOH·H2O) activated by cation complexing agents, i.e., 18C6 or C222 was applied as initiator of monosubstituted oxiranes polymerization. Propylene oxide (PO), 1,2-butylene oxide (BO), styrene oxide (SO) and some glycidyl ethers were used as monomers. All processes were carried out in tetrahydrofuran solution at room temperature. Such polymers, as PPO-diols, PBO-diols and PSO-diols, are unimodal and have molar masses Mn = 2000–5100. Their dispersities are rather high (Mw/Mn = 1.17–1.33). Moreover, PPO-diols and PSO-diols are not contaminated by monools with unsaturated starting groups. Poly(glycidyl ether)s are, in general, polymodal. For example, poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether)-diols are bi- or trimodal, whereas poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-diols possess two or even six fractions. Molar masses of main fraction are 4200–6400, and the second fraction is much lower, namely 600–2600. Dispersities of some fractions are very low (Mw/Mn = 1.01–1.07). Polymodality of polymers obtained was discussed in terms of the formation of two or more species propagating with different rate constants. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Experimental measurements and modeling of solvent activity and surface tension of binary mixtures of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water and ethanol

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Majid Taghizadeh ◽  
Saber Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Eyring Model ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Solvent Activity

In this paper, the density (?), viscosity (?) and surface tension (?) of solutions of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with molecular weights of 25000 (K25) and 40000 g mol-1 (K40) in water and ethanol were measured in the temperature range 20?65?C and at various mass fractions of polymer (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.45). The solvent activity measurements were performed at 45 and 55?C. Thereafter, two thermodynamic models for predicting the solvent activity and surface tension of binary polymer mixtures (PVP in water and ethanol) were proposed. The Flory?Huggins theory and Eyring model were employed to calculate the surface tension of the solution and the solvent activity, respectively. Additionally, the proposed activity model was dependent on the density and viscosity of the solution. Afterwards, the ability of these models at various temperatures and mass fractions were investigated by comparing the results with the experimental data. The results confirmed that, in the investigated temperature range, these models have good accuracy.

Synthesis and Characterization of D-Galactopyranose-Containing Amphiphilic Block Copolymers via ATRP

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1057-1060
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yuan Yuan Dou ◽  
Mei Shan Pei ◽  
Xin De Tang
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic materials have attracted considerable attention during the past two decades. In this work, a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers containing D-galactopyranose were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The macroinitiator was prepared by the esterification between poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether with a number-average molecular weight of 1200 g/mol (MeOPEO-1200) and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The sugar-bearing monomer, 6-O-methacryloyl-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose (MAIPG) was polymerized using PMDETA/CuBr as catalytic system and anisol as solvent. The chemical structure and composition of the resultant polymer MeOPEO-b-PMAIPG were verified by 1H NMR. The molecular weights and their polydispersities were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results indicate that the polymerization follows the mechanism of ATRP. The amphiphilic copolymers can self-assembly to from micelles with PMAIPG as the core and PEO as the corona, which have potential applications as biomaterials or controlled release drug delivery systems.

Electron Microscope Study of RNA's of Paramyxoviruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Ruchama Baum ◽  
J.T. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of paramyxoviruses has been characterized by biochemical and physiochemical methods. However, paramyxovirus RNA molecules have not been studied by electron microscopy. The molecular weights of these single-stranded viral RNA molecules are not known as yet. Since electron microscopy has been found to be useful for the characterization of single-stranded RNA, this investigation was initiated to examine the morphology and length measurements of paramyxovirus RNA's.Sendai virus Z strain and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Milano strain, were used. For these studies it was necessary to develop a method of extracting RNA molecules from purified virus particles. Highly purified Sendai virus was treated with pronase (300 μg/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes and the RNA extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol procedure.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Esters Containing Heterocyclic and Derived From Azo Dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena G. Alrecabi ◽  
Zainab Amer ◽  
Naeemah Al-Lami
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Molecular Weights

This study including prepared new colored esters containing heterocyclic with high molecular weights. In the first part of work we synthesized azo dyes [1,2] from the reaction p-toluidine with β-naphthol and o-nitro phenol, thin we synthesized Schiff bases [3,4] by the reaction anthranilic acid with benzaldehyde and dimethyl benzaldehyde. The reaction azo dyes (contain OH group) with Schiff base (contain COOH group) these led to produce the new colored esters [A1-A4]. The second part of work was modification the (C=N-) group in esters to heterocyclic compounds by reacting with phenyl iso cyanide to produce new β-lactam [B1-B4] and with anthranilic acid to get new hydroquinazoline [C1-C4]. All these compounds were characterized by physical properties and spectral methods FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

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